Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma of the colon in a 12-year-old girl in association with the presence of a small number of adenomatous polyps and a positive family history of a sibling with a central nervous system glioma. These findings implicate Turcot's syndrome as the cause for the development of intestinal and intracranial neoplasms in the two siblings. Since primary adenocarcinoma of the bowel is unusual in children, an underlying predisposing condition should be sought in affected cases.
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PMID:Turcot's syndrome: a diagnostic consideration in a child with primary adenocarcinoma of the colon. 255 12

At least two subtypes of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors have been identified on the basis of antagonist affinities as determined mainly by radioligand binding assays. The human platelet and the HT29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell contain alpha-2A adrenergic receptors, whereas the neonatal rat lung and the NG108 neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell contain the alpha-2B adrenergic receptor. Using the attenuation of the cyclic AMP accumulation as a functional assay, the affinities of various antagonists for the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor were determined in HT29 and NG108 cell lines. Dose-response curves to 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazoline-2-yl-amino)quinoxaline (UK 14,304) an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, were generated in the absence and presence of three concentrations of various antagonists. Schild regressions were used to determine pA2 values and then dissociation constants (KB value) were calculated. Whereas phentolamine and yohimbine were equipotent at the receptor in the two cell lines, 2-(2,4-(O-methoxyphenyl)-piper-azin-1-yl)ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-(2 H,4H)- isoquinolindione (ARC-239) and prazosin were 100- and 30-fold more potent in the NG108 cell line than in the HT29 cell. These potency ratios determined from functional experiments are the same as those obtained from radioligand binding experiments. These functional data are consistent with the previous and more extensive binding data, and thus support the existence and definition of alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes.
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PMID:Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one receptor subtype. 255 31

Human glioma (U-118 MG and U-138 MG), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human thyroid carcinoma (HTh 7), and hamster embryonic lung (V79-379A) spheroids were irradiated with either single doses of 16 or 40 Gy or fractionated doses of eight times 5 Gy. Oxygen profiles in the spheroids were measured with microelectrodes at different times following irradiation, and these profiles were then compared with the oxygen profiles measured in parallel cultured nonirradiated spheroids. No significant radiation-induced changes in the oxygen profiles were seen in any of the spheroids within the first few days after irradiation. The glioma spheroids did not show any significant increase in oxygen tension even after longer times; however, they were growth inhibited, and the number of S-phase cells was strongly suppressed. Increases in oxygen tension did occur in the HT-29 and V79-379A spheroids but only appeared more than a week after irradiation, when degeneration had started. Histological changes and decrease in diameter were seen in the spheroids that started to degenerate about 5 days after irradiation. Thus radiation doses in the therapeutic range did not, for the spheroids studied, produce rapid increases in the oxygen tension. When a change occurred, it appeared rather late and was probably a consequence of cell degeneration.
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PMID:Influence of ionizing radiation on oxygen profiles in different types of multicellular spheroids. 261 39

7878 patients with tumors in the head and neck confirmed by pathology from Jan. 1961 to Dec. 1981 are analysed. In this series, there were 5485 malignant tumors and 2393 benign. In malignant tumors, the ratio of male to female was 2.84:1 while the mean age incidence was 53.38 years. Nearly half of malignant tumors were in the nasopharynx (49.32%). Of the 2716 nasopharyngeal malignant tumors, 2698 were carcinoma and only 18 sarcoma. Male was 3.5 times higher than female. The mean age of NPC was 53.64 years in male and 52.33 years in female. Nine of them were under 10 years of age and the youngest was 3 years old. There was 87.06% of squamous cell carcinoma in NPC. Adenocarcinoma was predominant in the minor salivary gland carcinomas. The malignant tumors in the eyeball were glioma retinae of which 96.15% was under 10 years of age. The common metastatic tumor in the neck was squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of head and neck tumors was 37.66% and that of the head and neck malignancies was 26.22% of tumors in the whole body. This study indicates that the incidence of malignant tumor in the head and neck is rather high.
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PMID:[Analysis of 7878 patients with tumors in the head and neck]. 262 11

The pharmacological disposition of 1,3-dimethyl-1-nitrosourea (dimetinur) in intact rats and animals with Walker carcinosarcoma, glioma 2211, colon adenocarcinoma was studied by the colorimetric assay using an oral drug dose of 100 mg/kg. Computer analysis of data was based on a single-compartment model using the area under the concentration-time curve (S) and the intact drug half-life (t1/2) as main pharmacokinetic parameters. The highest level of the drug (S) was observed in tumour and brain tissues on an equality with drug distribution between blood, spleen, kidney and lungs. The half-life of the dimetinur removal from blood exceeds the known values for certain active NAM type. The antitumour activity of the drug against the studied tumours correlates positively with pharmacokinetic parameters for the tumours (S and 1/tmax).
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PMID:[The pharmacokinetics of the antitumor preparation of dimetinur]. 273 32

131I-labeled anti-glioma monoclonal antibody SZ-39 was injected intraperitoneally into nude mice bearing xenograft human glioma, ependymoma and intracranial metastatic adenocarcinoma. Subsequent gamma-imaging and assessment of radioactivity showed selective accumulation of antibody in the glioma. Quantitative autoradiography supported the results of radiolocalization observed in vivo in different brain tumors and normal tissues. It was also shown that antibody SZ-39 was specially localized to viable glioma cells and closely associated with their cell membrane. Yet, it was not bound to fibrous or necrotic areas. 131I-normal mouse IgG was distributed in a nonspecific pattern in the glioma. These studies demonstrated the specificity of SZ-39 in vivo which may be useful in clinical diagnostic guiding and treatment.
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PMID:[Histologic distribution of anti-glioma monoclonal antibody SZ-39 in human xenograft brain tumors]. 280 47

Adenoid-like formations resembling ducts and glands or forming a cribriform pattern have previously been described in malignant gliomas, resulting in some cases in a confusion with metastatic adenocarcinoma. The interpretation of these structures as being composed of anaplastic glial cells rests partly on the presence of transitions to more differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and partly on the positivity of some of these cells for glial fibrillary acidic protein. In this report two cases are presented in which the adenoid pattern was associated with papillary formations mimicking the arrangement of a medulloepithelioma. These structures represent a form of aberrant neoplastic differentiation in a malignant glioma rather than the expression of an embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasm.
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PMID:Patterns of epithelial metaplasia in malignant gliomas. I. Papillary formations mimicking medulloepithelioma. 282 55

Glucocorticoids are cytostatic for human glioma grown at a high cell density in cell culture. The effect is not cytotoxic, appears to involve a modification of the cell surface, and has been detected with methyl prednisolone, dexamethasone, and beta-methasone. Glucocorticoids were also found to reduce malignancy-associated properties (plasminogen activator and endothelial mitogenesis) and enhance differentiation (glutamyl synthetase activity and high affinity GABA uptake). Cytostasis was also seen at high cell densities in non-small cell lung carcinoma with a concomitant reduction in plasminogen activator activity and endothelial mitogenesis. Preliminary data on surfactant production in A549 cells suggests that the repression of malignancy-associated properties is accompanied by an increase in cell differentiation. Treatment of the WIL adenocarcinoma gown as a xenograft in nude mice caused total cessation of growth and massive central necrosis in the tumor.
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PMID:Phenotypic modification of human glioma and non-small cell lung carcinoma by glucocorticoids and other agents. 287 8

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare occurrence. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported, many being metastases from carcinomas to benign intracranial neoplasms, most often meningiomas. A case is presented of carcinoma metastatic to a glioma. The patient, who presented for evaluation of bifrontal headache, was found on computerized tomography to have a partially calcified right frontal mass. Craniotomy revealed an oligodendroglioma containing foci of adenocarcinoma. Further work-up disclosed an infiltrative ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast. It has been suggested that tumors of the central nervous system may provide a fertile substrate or an immunological "haven" for metastases.
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PMID:Metastases of central nervous system neoplasms. Case report. 328 41

This article reviews the recent studies reporting the applications of immunocytochemistry to diagnostic problems in clinical cytology. A series of studies with monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 is discussed in detail. MAb B72.3, reactive with a high molecular weight, glycoprotein, tumor-associated antigen, designated TAG-72, has been shown previously to be reactive with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of adenocarcinomas of the ovary, colon, and breast, but not a variety of normal adult tissues. It has demonstrated utility as an immunocytochemical adjunct to diagnose carcinoma in cell block and cytocentrifuge preparations of human serous effusions, with selective reactivity for tumor cells (particularly adenocarcinoma) over reactive mesothelium. Using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method of immunoperoxidase staining and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell suspensions, MAb B72.3 detected tumor cells in effusions from the majority of patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. No reactivity was demonstrated in any cell type in benign effusions. In contrast, MAb B72.3 showed no reactivity to leukemic or lymphomatous effusions, or to mesothelial cells from malignant effusions. MAb B72.3 also detected tumor cells in effusion specimens from most of the patients with "non-small cell" carcinoma of the lung and with carcinoma of the ovary. MAb B72.3 was also used with fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) and corresponding surgically excised tumors to determine cellular reactivity. Positive staining with MAb B72.3 was observed in needle aspirates of the great majority of "non-small cell" carcinomas of the lung, adenocarcinomas of the breast, adenocarcinomas of the colon, and carcinomas from other body sites. In contrast, small cell carcinomas of the lung, malignant melanomas, lymphomas, sarcomas, and glial tumors stained negatively with the antibody. Most benign lesions from the breast, lung, pancreas, parotid, and thyroid also showed no staining. In many patients, tumor-bearing tissue had also been resected and was available for comparative examination with MAb B723. In more than 90% of these patients, the staining patterns of tumor cells in the aspirates were found to be predictive of the patterns of antibody reactivity in the comparable surgically resected tumors. From these studies it is concluded that MAb B72.3 defines a tumor-associated antigen that is expressed in neoplastic cells versus benign cells, is most selectively expressed in carcinomas, and may be used as a novel adjunct for the diagnosis of neoplasms in effusions and in FNABs.
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PMID:Applications of immunocytochemistry to clinical cytology. 332 72


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