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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We very effectively treated two patients with recurrent glioblastoma with modified boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this paper, we describe the effectiveness of this treatment, and discuss the ways in which we modified the treatment. A 61-year-old man had a first operation for a right temporal glioblastoma, followed by full-dose chemo-radiotherapy. One year after the operation a partial removal was performed for the recurrent tumor at the same site. Fifty days after the second surgery, the patient received BNCT. We used an epithermal neutron beam as the neutron source, and used both sodium borocapate and boronophenylalanine as boron compounds with the craniotomy. Forty-eight hours after the BNCT, the follow-up MRI was applied to estimate the early effect of this treatment, which showed a 70% reduction in the contrast enhanced lesion, compared with the pretreatment MRI. In addition, the lesion/normal brain ratio of thallium-SPECT had improved markedly. No serial sequelae appeared after this treatment, and the patient remains healthy 6 months after the treatment. A 29-year-old young lady had a right temporal brain tumor, which was partially resected and followed by stereotactic radiosurgery for the residual mass. Seven months after the radiosurgery, a second operation was performed, which revealed the glioblastoma as diagnosis. We applied BNCT uneventfully for this patient with epithermal beam and two kinds of boron compounds as described above. For the treatment of the patient irradiation was applied without craniotomy with marked reduction of tumor volume immediately after the treatment.
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PMID:The early successful treatment of glioblastoma patients with modified boron neutron capture therapy. Report of two cases. 1468 36

Tumor imaging with cis-4-[18F]fluoro-L-proline (cis-FPro) was compared to that of L-[3H]proline and L-[3H]methionine in F98 rat gliomas by dual-tracer autoradiography. All tracers exhibited high accumulation in the tumors but in the normal brain significant uptake was observed for L-[3H]methionine only. Tumor extent on autoradiograms with L-[3H]proline and L-[3H]methionine was identical to that of histological staining while autoradiograms of cis-FPro showed diffuse uptake in the penumbra of some tumors. First PET studies in 7 patients with cerebral gliomas demonstrated accumulation of cis-FPro in tumor areas with enhancement of Gd-DTPA on MR scans. Uptake of cis-FPro in normal brain tissue was negligible. In one patient with a glioblastoma accumulation of cis-FPro was also found in two brain areas without enhancement of Gd-DTPA on MR scans. Control of MRI suggested tumor growth in these areas at further follow up. Our results indicate that in most gliomas increased cis-FPro uptake is restricted to areas with disruption of the BBB which limits its clinical utility.
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PMID:Imaging of gliomas with Cis-4-[18F]fluoro-L-proline. 1474 71

Knowledge of tumor blood flow is important for diagnosis and follow-up of brain tumors after therapy, especially to discriminate necrosis from tumor recurrence after radiation or chemotherapy. Meanwhile, perfusion and diffusion MRI, besides MR-angiography, are state of the art in stroke imaging. Until now, perfusion imaging was mostly performed using the first-pass dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) MRI. The MRI-based arterial spin labeling technique (ASL) is a novel approach for measuring relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) without using extrinsic contrast agents, by labeling spins of flowing arterial blood as intrinsic contrast agent. This article describes physical basics of ASL and shows clinical examples in neuroimaging such as in meningeoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and cerebral ischemia, using the Q2TIPS ASL technique. Gray matter is clearly visible, while the observed white matter signal obtained by Q2TIPS is only slightly higher than background noise. Venous blood causes artefacts in the sagittal sinus and other large superficial veins in the subarachnoid space. Meningeoma and glioblastoma show elevated rCBF, whereas oligodendroglioma and cerebral ischemia have reduced rCBF values. Arterial-spin-labeling techniques are noninvasive tools for measuring rCBF within 5 min, using a standard MRI scanner.
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PMID:[Noninvasive measurement of relative cerebral blood flow with the blood bolus MRI arterial spin labeling: basic physics and clinical applications]. 1499 Nov 36

The September2003 COM. A 79-year-old woman with prior history of breast cancer and meningioma presented with headache, memory changes and sleep disturbance for four months. CT and MRI revealed a large cystic mass in the right frontal lobe with heterogeneity and an enhancing border. She had a craniotomy and resection of tumor. The tumor was histologically consistent with gliosarcoma. Gliosarcomas exhibit clinical features and genetic profiles similar to primary (de novo) glioblastoma. Gliosarcomas have the same as prognosis as glioblastoma multiforme.
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PMID:September 2003: a 79-year-old female with right frontal lobe mass. 1499 45

Functional imaging of brain tumors assists biopsy localization, therapy monitoring, and differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis. Tumor vascularization is a strong prognostic predictor in solid tumors and also a key factor of tracer uptake. However, the relationship of brain tumor vascularization and functional imaging has not yet been investigated sufficiently so far. In the present study, we correlated histologically assessed microvessel density as an objective parameter for brain tumor vascularization with imaging data. Four male patients were studied. After 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, all patients had a MRI within 2 weeks. Histology showed microcystic astrocytoma, glioblastoma (n = 2), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, respectively. Microvessel density was lowest in the microcystic astrocytoma, medium in the glioblastomas, and highest in the anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Scintigraphy visualized only the glioblastomas, but not the microcystic astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. Our data showed no correlation between tumor microvessel density and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Thus, we conclude that scintigraphic visualization of brain tumors is not strictly dependent on tumor vascularization.
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PMID:Microvessel density is not crucial for scintigraphic visualization of brain tumors using 99mTc-MIBI. 1512 46

Malignant gliomas arise from two distinct pathways, as de novo lesions or from secondary transformation from low-grade lesions. Herein, we describe the cases of two patients to illustrate the proposition that de novo malignant gliomas can originate as non-enhancing tumors and rapidly progress to a pattern of ring enhancement characteristic of a glioblastoma. Both patients presented with new-onset seizures (simple partial and generalized). Their neurological examinations were unremarkable. Initial MRI evaluations revealed a right precentral gyrus and right medial temporal lobe lesions in each case, respectively. These lesions demonstrated increased T2 signal changes without contrast enhancement. The biopsy of the right frontal lesion in the first patient was consistent with an anaplastic astrocytoma; the second patient was followed expectantly. Repeat MRI for both patients within 17 weeks disclosed ring-enhancing lesions, consistent with an unusually rapid evolution to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Subsequent resection of the right medial temporal lesion in the second patient revealed a GBM. Neither tumor displayed abnormal overexpression of P53 by immunohistochemistry. Early MRI of de novo glioblastomas may demonstrate a non-enhancing tumor suggestive of a low-grade lesion. These tumors can rapidly evolve into ring-enhancing lesions more consistent with the traditional imaging findings.
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PMID:Non-enhancing de novo glioblastoma: report of two cases. 1544 98

Astroblastoma is one of the very unusual type of tumors, whose histogenesis has not been clarified. It occurs mainly among children or young adults. Astroblastoma is grossly well-demarcated, and shows histologically characteristic perivascular pseudorosettes with frequent vascular hyalinization. Perivascular pseudorosettes in astroblastoma have short and thick cytoplasmic processes and blunt-ended foot plates. A 15-yr-old girl presented with headache and diplopia for one and a half year. A well-demarcated mass, 9.7 cm in diameter, was found in the right frontal lobe in brain MRI, and it was a well-enhanced inhomogenous mass. Cystic changes of various sizes were observed inside the tumor mass as well as in the posterior part of the mass, but no peritumoral edema was found. Histologically, this mass belongs to a typical astroblastoma, and no sign of anaplastic astrocytoma, gemistocytic astrocytoma or glioblastoma was found in any part of the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, vimentin and neuron specific enolase, and focal positivity for epithelial membrane antigen and CAM 5.2, while showing negativity for synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, pan-cytokeratin and high molecular weight keratin.
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PMID:Astroblastoma: a case report. 1548 62

Molecular imaging is a powerful tool that has the ability to elucidate biochemical mechanisms and signal the early onset of disease. Overexpression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) has been observed in a variety disease states, including glioblastoma, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the PBR could be an attractive target for molecular imaging. In this paper, the authors report cellular uptake and multimodal (MRI and fluorescence) imaging of PBR-overexpressing C6 glioblastoma (brain cancer) cells using a cocktail administration approach and a new PBR targeted lanthanide chelate molecular imaging agent.
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PMID:Targeted molecular imaging agents for cellular-scale bimodal imaging. 1554 19

We present a patient with a recurrent glioblastoma and abnormalities of the corpus callosum seen on diffusion tensor MRI that were not seen on conventional imaging. These abnormalities preceded the development of the tumour. We describe the technique of diffusion tissue signatures to assess tissue infiltration by tumours compared with values from normal volunteers.
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PMID:Detecting glioma invasion of the corpus callosum using diffusion tensor imaging. 1570 43

Diffuse astrocytomas of the adult cerebral hemispheres are unique among tumours in human beings in the extent to which their imaging features are related to histopathological characteristics and clinical behaviour. However, understanding is still restricted about the value of imaging features in the measurement of response and of progression in these tumours. The present approach used in clinical trials, which consists of an anatomical measurement of the enhancing tumour on MRI, has many problems, and might not be acceptable as a surrogate endpoint for survival in patients with glioblastoma who are enrolled in clinical trials. Dynamic imaging techniques, such as capillary permeability mapping, are being used in studies of new drugs that target specific molecular features of gliomas; however, the validity of these techniques has not been elucidated. Diffusion imaging can be valuable for fibre-tract mapping to assist surgical planning and might become useful in measuring early response to treatment in densely cellular tumours. Functional imaging techniques can be used to localise motor, sensory, and language-control areas before surgery. Intraoperative MRI has produced improvements in the extent of tumour resection, and molecular imaging is another technique on the horizon, which could come to have a role in clinical trials in the near future. Thus, as a rapidly expanding sphere of investigation, brain-tumour imaging is producing great excitement. The aim of these new techniques is to aid the identification of more effective treatments.
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PMID:MRI in treatment of adult gliomas. 1573 33


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