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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant astroglial-derived tumor, grows as an adherent mass and locally invades normal brain. An examination of adult cerebral glioblastoma biopsy material for the expression of adhesive proteins that might potentiate adhesion and invasion demonstrated tumor cell-associated vitronectin (5/5). In contrast, vitronectin was not detected associated with glial cells in low grade astroglial tumors (0/4), reactive astrogliosis (0/4), or in normal adult cortex and cerebral white matter (0/5). Also, a wide variety of other adhesive ligands were absent from the glioblastoma tumor parenchyma. The alpha v beta 3 integrin was the only vitronectin receptor identified in glioblastoma tumors in situ, and was also not expressed on low grade astroglial-derived tumors, reactive astrogliosis, or on glia or neurons in normal adult cortex and cerebral white matter. In a cell attachment assay, cultured glioblastoma cells attached to the parenchyma of glioblastoma tumor cryostat sections at the sites of vitronectin expression, but failed to attach to normal brain. This adhesion was inhibited by antibodies directed against vitronectin, the alpha v beta 3 integrin, and with an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide. These data provide evidence for a cell adhesion mechanism in glioblastoma tumors that might potentiate glioblastoma cell invasion of normal brain.
J Clin Invest 1991 Dec
PMID:Glioblastoma expression of vitronectin and the alpha v beta 3 integrin. Adhesion mechanism for transformed glial cells. 172 25

The relationship between the thermosensitivity of cultured brain tumor cells and cytoskeleton was studied. C6 rat glioma cell line (C6 cells) and U-373-MG human glioblastoma cell line (MG cells) were used in monolayer culture. Survival rates at various temperatures were calculated by colony forming assay 10 days after heat treatment. Actin filaments, the main components of microfilaments, were observed by the 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxadiazole phallacidin staining and indirect immunofluorescence staining methods. Alpha-tubulins, the main components of microtubules, were also stained with an indirect immunofluorescence staining method. The morphological changes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both the C6 cells and the MG cells showed moderate thermosensitivity on the survival curves. Actin filaments were revealed at stress fibers and the ruffles of the leading edge on both cell lines. Stress fibers were well developed in MG cells but were only minor in C6 cells. After heat treatment ruffles and stress fibers were disrupted. However, alpha-tubulins were not affected by heat treatment. SEM showed Swiss-cheese like change of cell surfaces due to many pores with disruption of ruffles and stress fibers after heat treatment. These results suggest that the cytoskeleton, especially microfilaments, may be damaged by hyperthermia.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1991 Dec
PMID:[Thermosensitivity of glioma cells with special reference to changes in cytoskeletons]. 172 43

Intracranial tuberculoma is a relatively rare tumor in developed countries. A 41-year-old Japanese male with a personal history of pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 20 was referred because of continuous headache. Computed tomography scan revealed multilocular ring-like enhancement in the right deep temporal region with massive brain edema. Angiography showed an avascular mass with narrowing of the carotid bifurcation. The preoperative diagnosis was glioblastoma. This mass was successfully removed and the histological diagnosis was tuberculoma. This case suggested that tuberculoma is still one of the differential diagnoses of an enhanced mass lesion even without any active extracranial tuberculous lesion.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1991 Dec
PMID:[Intracranial tuberculoma with difficult preoperative diagnosis. Case report]. 172 67

In 1976, the New York Giants professional football team relocated to the newly constructed Meadowlands Sports Complex (MSC) in East Rutherford, NJ. Between 1980 and 1987 four team members developed cancer: one case each of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, glioblastoma, angiosarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Because the surrounding area contains three superfund sites, concern was widespread that the cancers were related to environmental contamination. To assess for a possible environmental etiology, we conducted clinical, environmental, and epidemiologic studies at the MSC. Measurements of volatile organic compounds were all below occupational exposure limits and were similar to ambient levels in nearby Lyndhurst, NJ. Outdoor AM radio broadcast field strengths were in the uppermost 0.1% of field strengths measured in urban areas of the United States. Proportionate mortality ratio and proportional cancer incidence ratio studies of the MSC workforce found no excesses of cancer deaths or of incident cancer cases either for all sites combined or for any specific site. No significant differences in cancer incidence or mortality were found between indoor and nonindoor workers. Based on examination of all available data, the four cancer cases were judged most likely to have been clustered by chance and not to have been caused by environmental conditions at the MSC.
Environ Res 1991 Dec
PMID:Epidemiologic investigation of a cancer cluster in professional football players. 176 60

To study the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen by central nervous system cells, the expression of one of these antigens, human leukocyte antigenDR (HLADR) in three human glioblastoma cell lines (HTB14, 16 and 17) and a neuroblastoma cell line (HTB11) was determined. Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) induced HTB16 and HTB17 cells to express HLADR, and enhanced the antigen expression in HTB14 cells, but it failed to induce HLADR expression in HTB11 cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha amplified and accelerated the expression of HLADR induced by IFN gamma in HTB16 cells. Interleukin-1 beta, prostaglandin E2 and transforming growth factor-beta suppressed IFN gamma-induced HLADR expression in HTB16 cells. Several other substances tested did not affect HLADR expression or IFN gamma-induced HLADR. These findings confirm that IFN gamma plays a role in the regulation of HLADR expression in cells derived from the brain and that some other cytokines modify IFN gamma-HLADR interactions.
J Neuroimmunol 1991 Dec
PMID:Modulation of human leukocyte antigenDR expression in glioblastoma cells by interferon gamma and other cytokines. 195 63

Transfected oncogenes have been reported to increase the radioresistance of rodent cells. Whether transfected nononcogenic DNA sequences and subsequent clonal selection can result in radioresistant cell populations is unknown. The present set of experiments describe the in vitro radiosensitivity and tumorigenicity of selected clones of primary rat embryo cells and human glioblastoma cells, after transfection with a neomycin-resistance marker (pSV2neo or pCMVneo) and clonal selection. Radiobiological data comparing the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) and the mean inactivation dose show the induction of radioresistance in two rat embryo cell clones and one glioblastoma clone, as compared to untransfected cells. Wild-type and transfectant clones were injected into three strains of immune-deficient mice (scid, NIH, and nu/nu) to assay for tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. Only the glioblastoma parent line and its transfectant clones were tumorigenic. None of the cells produced spontaneous or experimentally induced metastases. Flow cytometric analyses indicated that the induction of radioresistance could not be attributed to changes in cell kinetics at the time of irradiation. Our results show that transfection of a neomycin-resistance marker and clonal selection can impart radioresistance on both normal and tumor cells. The work also indicates that altered radiation sensitivity does not necessarily correlate with changes in cell-cycle kinetics at the time of irradiation, tumorigenicity, or altered metastatic potential. Our findings have critical implications for transfection studies investigating determinants of cellular radiosensitivity.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991 Dec 01
PMID:Role of transfection and clonal selection in mediating radioresistance. 196 32

The authors report on two cases of multicentric glioblastoma multiforme, one of them being a trilocular glioblastoma, whereas in the second case a second focus developed contralaterally. Both patients received whole skull radiation of 40 Gy. The patient who suffered from the primarily unilocal tumour was given a tumour boost. The article reports on the imaging via CT and MR.
Rontgenblatter 1990 Dec
PMID:[The multicentric glioblastoma multiforme]. 196 94

Models for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) brain infection have been developed in a variety of brain-derived cells in which the factors governing virus infectivity might be studied in vitro. Studies were initiated with brain endothelial cells, the likely portal of entry for virus into the central nervous system. Primary explant cultures of brain endothelial cells, derived from homogenates of healthy human brain, supported complete viral gene expression and cytopathic effect (CPE). Endothelial cells do not appear to be a barrier for HCMV passage into the central nervous system. Astroglial lines (primary explant or tumor-derived) varied in their ability to support HCMV replication. Some (T98G) supported incomplete (immediate-early) gene expression while others (A-172) did not support any detectable gene expression. Some astroglial lines (HS-683) supported extensive virus replication with minimal viral CPE. Neuronal cell lines (SK-N-MC) were fully permissive. The more differentiated glial lines (astrocytoma) were fully permissive to HCMV infection; however, the less differentiated glial lines (glioblastoma) were partly or nonpermissive.
J Infect Dis 1990 Dec
PMID:Cytomegalovirus in the brain: in vitro infection of human brain-derived cells. 217

The glucose transporter of the human brain has been localized to endothelial cells expressing the blood-brain barrier, but little is known regarding its mechanism of induction or whether its expression is exclusively linked with restricted vascular permeability. We investigated glucose transporter expression by vessels in human astrocytic tumors and pulmonary metastases to the brain using immunohistochemical techniques. Vessels in 9 of 10 low-grade astrocytomas and 8 of 10 anaplastic astrocytomas were positive for glucose transporter. Glioblastoma vessels were transporter-positive in only 2 of 10 specimens. Vessels in all three metastatic tumors were negative for the glucose transporter. The decrease in transporter expression observed in higher-grade tumors occurred independently of increases in vascular permeability. In low-grade astrocytomas and glioblastomas transporter expression and contrast enhancement were inversely related, but vessels in 6 of 9 anaplastic astrocytomas were transporter-positive despite contrast enhancement. These findings suggest that separate mechanisms induce the glucose transporter and the permeability restrictions of the human blood-brain barrier. They also have potential implications for the therapy and prognosis of astroglial neoplasms.
Ann Neurol 1990 Dec
PMID:The glucose transporter and blood-brain barrier of human brain tumors. 217 29

We reviewed the records of 160 consecutive patients with glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma to evaluate the long-term consequences of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We defined long-term survivors as those patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma who lived at least 100% longer than median survival of historical controls, for example, 2 years for patients with glioblastoma and 4 years for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. There were 9 (5.6%) long-term survivors. Three (30%) became demented and died without evidence of tumor recurrence. One, after survival of 10 years, died of tumor recurrence. Of the remaining survivors, 2 (22%) have significantly impaired short-term memory function and other neurological deficits such as gait apraxia. Three (30%) can function independently. It is likely but cannot be proved that it is radiotherapy and not chemotherapy that is the causal factor of this dismal therapeutic outcome. Our study suggests restraint in the use of radiotherapy for patients with brain tumors that have more favorable prognoses than glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, such as low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
Ann Neurol 1990 Dec
PMID:Effects of treatment on long-term survivors with malignant astrocytomas. 192 24


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