Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

FK 973, a new substituted dihydrobenzoxazine, was obtained by chemical modification of a novel antibiotic which was isolated from the fermentation products of streptomyces sandaensis No. 6897. FK 973 had cytotoxic effects against in vitro cultured human and murine glioma cells. The concentration of FK 973 required to inhibit cell growth by 50% was 0.06-5 micrograms/ml, after 2-day exposure of this drug against human glioblastoma (ONS-6, 12, 23, and ONS-12/ACNU), human medulloblastoma (ONS-76, 81), human neuroblastoma (ST), and murine glioblastoma (RSV-M glioma). FK 973 showed antitumor efficacy in the meningeal gliomatosis models by RSV-M glioma cells. The median survival time (MST) of models treated by FK 973 (i.t.) was 30 days. However, the MST of control group was 23 days. In the in vitro neurotoxicity test, FK 973 proved to be slightly more toxic than ACNU and MTX, but it had no crucial problems, compared with ADM.
 ...
PMID:[Antitumor efficacy of FK 973 on malignant glioma cells]. 275 17

The growth inhibitory effects of the combination of beta-interferon (beta-IFN) and conventional anticancer drugs such as adriamycin (ADM) and ACNU were evaluated in nude mice receiving subcutaneous transplants of human glioblastoma. Next, the anticancer and radiation sensitizing effects of beta-IFN on human glioblastoma was also evaluated in nude mice model. After three weeks of combined treatment, tumour reduction rates (treated/control values) were evaluated by the Battelle's method. In conclusion, the growth inhibitory effect of IFN was most enhanced when IFN was administered following radiotherapy. Furthermore, the combined effect was enhanced in proportion to the dose of radiation.
 ...
PMID:Interactions of human fibroblast interferon with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation against human gliomas in nude mice. 287 8

In November 1985, we started a study of intra-arterial (i-a) chemotherapy with ACNU for the treatment of glioblastomas of the central nervous system: 19 patients with histologically proved glioblastoma and recurrent, progressive or newly diagnosed disease were entered. Five patients were treated three times. We observed reduction of mass effect, of neovascularization, and of contrast enhancement. As to the time of survival, or follow-up is too short to allow definite conclusions. The quality of life in those patients who received several courses of chemotherapy, did not deteriorate as evidenced by a constant Karnofsky performance rating score. Systemic complications of i-a chemotherapy were negligible. However, some severe side-effects were seen: cerebral ischemia in two cases, and amaurosis in one. Direct ACNU related neurotoxicity was not seen to the present. According to these preliminary results, we feel encouraged to treat further patients with i-a chemotherapy, particularly in view of the disappointing results of several other treatment modalities in the management of glioblastomas of the brain.
 ...
PMID:Intra-arterial chemotherapy with ACNU for the treatment of glioblastoma. Preliminary experience. 298 Apr 56

Controlled, prospective, randomized studies were performed to evaluate the effects of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3- (2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and ACNU plus tegafur as additions to radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas. In the first trial, 105 patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma were randomly divided into two groups after surgery and received radiotherapy (RT, 40 to 60 Gy to the whole brain), or radiotherapy plus concomitant chemotherapy with ACNU (100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 42). Effects of the treatment were compared in 82 evaluable patients from results of CT scans taken before and one month after the completion of radiotherapy. The regression rates more than 50% of the tumor size were observed in 15.0% of patients treated with RT alone and in 47.6% of patients treated with RT plus ACNU. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). In the second trial, 87 patients were randomly divided into two groups and received RT plus ACNU, or RT plus combined chemotherapy with ACNU and tegafur (400 mg/m2, daily for 8 weeks). Sixty-nine patients were within the valid study group. The regression rates more than 50% of the tumor size were observed in 34.2% of patients treated with RT plus ACNU: and in 41.2% treated with RT, ACNU plus tegafur. No statistical difference was noted in the response rate between the groups. These results indicate that ACNU is an effective agent in conjunction with radiotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas, and that tegafur does not enhance the effectiveness of ACNU.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of ACNU alone and combined with tegafur as additions to radiotherapy of the treatment of malignant gliomas--a cooperative clinical trial]. 300 Apr 12

The purpose of this study is to present the methodology and results of a clinical trial of local chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors based on slowly-releasing anticancer drug-polymer composites. The slowly releasing drugs were prepared by combining and mutually dispersing anticancer agents with glassified monomers containing 10% polymetacrylic methyl acid and then this compound was frozen at -78 degrees C and exposed to 1 X 10(6) rad of gamma rays from cobalt 60. Thus we prepared a compound of polymers and anticancer agents. We used needle-shaped capsules of this compound. These capsules release the drug very slowly over 40 days. We administered locally to the malignant brain tumors with either slowly releasing mitomycin, slowly releasing adriamycin, slowly releasing ACNU or slowly releasing 5 Fu drugs. The following techniques were employed in implantation these capsules. Implantation into the remaining tumor wall at the time of excision. Implantation into the tumor by CT-guided stereotactic method. We implanted these drugs into tumor of 55 cases, thereafter we conducted both radiation and chemotherapy with ACNU in most patients. This method has the following advantages: It is possible to be employed to different types of anticancer agents. Both dosage and releasing time can be adjusted. It is possible to administer these capsules postoperatively by the stereotactic method. The clinical study consists of 55 patients, 20 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, 23 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, 5 cases of oligodendroglioma, 3 cases of medulloblastoma and 4 cases of others. Survival rate estimated by Kaplan-Meier method was 47% in glioblastoma at 12 months and 91% in anaplastic astrocytoma at 18 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of malignant brain tumors with slowly releasing anticancer drug-polymer composites]. 302 49

Human tumor cells such as melanoma or glioblastoma are intrinsically radioresistant on an average than cells of more common tumors in radiotherapy such as squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Mean inactivation dose (D) for glioblastoma A-7 cells was 3.1 Gy for cells growing exponentially, but was 4.3 Gy for cells grown in large spheroids with hypoxic cells and PLD recovery. The D for cells of squamous cell carcinoma was about 2.1 Gy. This indicates that local control of the radioresistant tumors may be achieved if a drug showing an enhancement ratio of about 2.0. Data on our experiments with others in the literature indicate that drugs which selectively sensitize hypoxic cells and inhibit PLD recovery may be useful to increase the therapeutic ratio. Experimental evidence on a nitrosourea, ACNU has been presented for such mechanisms of the action. Multivariate analysis with Cox's model on malignant gliomas of 209 patients indicated that a significant increase in the survival time was obtained in the radiotherapy combined with ACNU.
 ...
PMID:[Biological basis for combined radio-chemotherapy in radioresistant tumors]. 319 20

Local hyperthermia using 13.56-MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating was evaluated in 19 patients with malignant brain tumor. Intraoperative heating was performed in 4 patients. RF applicators were placed on the cerebral convexity and medial surface with the tumor between them. RF power was controlled so as to maintain the brain temperature below 40 degrees C. Under these conditions, the highest temperature of each tumor varied from 44 to 52 degrees C. After heating alone for about 60 min, 3 tumors showed regression on CT scan. Extracranial heating was performed in 15 patients with cerebral glioblastoma. RF applicators were placed on the scalp and applied to diametrically opposite sides of the tumor after bilateral craniectomy not smaller than the size of the applicator. The heating was performed for about 60 min at each session and repeated twice a week for a total of 4 to 10 times in combination with radiation and ACNU-chemotherapy. The brain temperatures were maintained below 42 degrees C. The highest temperatures of the tumor varied from 42 to 46 degrees C. Seven of 13 evaluable tumors on CT scan showed regression after the treatment. Low-density lesions appeared transiently in the brains of 2 patients, located in the RF field. In conclusion, RF capacitive heating can be applied to human malignant cerebral tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Radiofrequency hyperthermia in malignant brain tumors: clinical trials]. 328 97

Local hyperthermia by 13.56-MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating was evaluated in 16 patients with malignant brain tumors. Intracranial heating during operation was performed in 4 patients. RF applicators with a cooling system were placed on the cerebral convexity and medial brain surface with the tumor between them. RF power was controlled to maintain the brain temperatures under 40 degrees C. Under this condition, the highest temperature of each tumor varied from 44 to 49 degrees C. After heating for about 60 minutes, 2 tumors showed regression on computed tomographic (CT) scans. Extracranial heating was performed in 12 patients with cerebral glioblastoma. RF applicators were placed on the lateral sides of the scalp and applied to diametrically opposite sides of the tumor. To avoid the influence of the skull on RF conduction, we performed a bilateral craniectomy slightly larger than the applicator at the initial operation. Heating was performed for approximately 60 minutes at each session and was repeated twice a week for a total of 4 to 10 times in combination with radiation and ACNU chemotherapy. No anesthetic agent was used during heating. Brain temperatures were maintained under 42 degrees C. The scalp under the applicators remained at 28-35 degrees C during heating, and no heat injury of the scalp was observed after repeated heating. The highest temperatures of the tumor or cavity after tumor removal were 45-46 degrees C in 3 cases, 43-44 degrees C in 3 cases, 42-43 degrees C in 4 cases, and 40-41 degrees C in 2 cases, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Radiofrequency hyperthermia for malignant brain tumors: preliminary results of clinical trials. 331 6

In order to analyze the efficacy of combination therapy with Hu-IFN-beta, ACNU and radiation (IAR), nine patients with malignant glioma were treated as a control study. They received 100 X 10(4) IU Hu-IFN-beta daily for seven days intravenously or intratumorally, 3 mg/kg ACNU on day 2 and 5,000-6,000 rads of radiation from day 3. Four out of nine patients showed complete response and one partial response with this IAR therapy. Case 1 was a 64-year-old man who had glioblastoma in the left frontal lobe. Postoperative residual tumors disappeared completely with this therapy. Case 3 was a 8-year-old girl who had an enhanced high-density lesion in the medulla oblongata and pons. After IAR therapy, the high-density lesion was completely vanished and her clinical manifestations of multiple cranial nerve palsy and pyramidal sign were improved remarkably. The major side effects of IAR therapy were mild or moderate myelosuppression, and some patients also showed hepatic dysfunction, mild fever and gastrointestinal toxicities. However, all these side effects were mild and transient and soon recovered to normal levels. These results suggest that IAR therapy is effective and will prolong the survival time of patients with malignant glioma.
 ...
PMID:[Combination therapy with IFN-beta, ACNU and radiation (IAR) in malignant brain tumors]. 345 40

The effects of heat and antitumor drugs on malignant brain tumor cell lines were studied. A human glioblastoma cell line (SKMG1) and rat malignant brain tumor cell lines (T9, EB 679 and TR 481) were used in this experiment. Five different modalities of treatment with heat and drugs were used as follows: (Group 1) exposure to heat alone at 42 degrees C for one hour; (Group 2) exposure to antitumor drug alone for one hour (ACNU 2.5 or 5 micrograms/ml, ACR 0.02 micrograms/ml and CDDP 1 microgram/ml); (Group 3) simultaneous exposure to heat at 42 degrees C and drug for one hour; (Group 4) heat at 42 degrees C given first for one hour, followed by one hour exposure to drug one hour later ("preheating"); (Group 5) drug given first for one hour, followed by one hour exposure to heat at 42 degrees C one hour later ("postheating"). After each treatment, the inhibition rate at 4 days was evaluated and compared for each group. A synergistic effect was observed in Group 3. For example, when T9 cells were exposed to ACNU and to heat at 42 degrees C at the same time for one hour, inhibition rate was 78%, while the rates for Group 1 and Group 2 were 7% and 21%, respectively. The cytotoxicity of simultaneous treatment with antitumor drugs (ACNU, ACR and CDDP) and hyperthermia at 42 degrees C was apparently superior to that of other treatment modalities.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of hyperthermia and antitumor drugs on brain tumor cell lines]. 346 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>