Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An antineoplastic alkaloid ellipticine is a prodrug, whose pharmacological efficiency is dependent on its cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation in target tissues. The aim of this review was to summarize our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of ellipticine action in the cancer cells. The CYP-mediated ellipticine metabolites 9-hydroxy- and 7-hydroxyellipticine and the product of ellipticine oxidation by peroxidases, the ellipticine dimer, are the detoxication metabolites of this compound. In contrast, two carbenium ions, ellipticine-13-ylium and ellipticine-12-ylium, derived from two activation ellipticine metabolites, 13-hydroxyellipticine and 12-hydroxyellipticine, generate two major deoxyguanosine adducts in DNA found in the human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, leukemia HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, neuroblastoma IMR-32, UKF-NB-3, and UKF-NB-4 cells and glioblastoma U87MG cells in vitro and in rat breast carcinoma in vivo. Formation of these covalent DNA adducts by ellipticine is the predominant mechanism of its cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity to these cancer cell lines. Ellipticine is also an inducer of CYP1A, 1B1, and 3A4 enzymes in the cancer cells and/or in vivo in rats exposed to this compound, thus modulating its own pharmacological efficiencies. The study forms the basis to further predict the susceptibility of human cancers to ellipticine and suggests that this alkaloid for treatment in combination with CYP and/or peroxidase gene transfer increasing the anticancer potential of this prodrug. It also suggests ellipticine reactive metabolites 13-hydroxyellipticine and 12-hydroxyellipticine to be good candidates for targeting to tumors absent from the CYP and peroxidase activation enzymes.
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PMID:Cytochrome P450- and peroxidase-mediated oxidation of anticancer alkaloid ellipticine dictates its anti-tumor efficiency. 2057 24

Ellipticine is a potent antineoplastic agent exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action. This anticancer agent should be considered a pro-drug, whose pharmacological efficiency and/or genotoxic side effects are dependent on its cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation to species forming covalent DNA adducts. Ellipticine can also act as an inhibitor or inducer of biotransformation enzymes, thereby modulating its own metabolism leading to its genotoxic and pharmacological effects. Here, a comparison of the toxicity of ellipticine to human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, leukemia HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, neuroblastoma IMR-32, UKF-NB-3 and UKF-NB-4 cells and U87MG glioblastoma cells and mechanisms of its action to these cells were evaluated. Treatment of all cells tested with ellipticine resulted in inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. This effect was associated with formation of two covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts, identical to those formed by 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine, the ellipticine metabolites generated by CYP and peroxidase enzymes, in MCF-7, HL-60, CCRF-CEM, UKF-NB-3, UKF-NB-4 and U87MG cells, but not in neuroblastoma UKF-NB-3 cells. Therefore, DNA adduct formation in most cancer cell lines tested in this comparative study might be the predominant cause of their sensitivity to ellipticine treatment, whereas other mechanisms of ellipticine action also contribute to its cytotoxicity to neuroblastoma UKF-NB-3 cells.
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PMID:Ellipticine cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines - a comparative study. 2175 6