Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four term infants were found by computerized cerebral tomography (CT) to have intraventricular hemorrhage. All were male infants who had experienced substantial intrapartum complications. One infant had subtle clinical signs at 2 days of age; the others had major neurologic findings including seizures and ophthalmoplegia that occurred at 1, 4, and 6 weeks of age, respectively. Three infants in whom the hemorrhages were indistinguishable by CT from those described in preterm infants now have arrested hydrocephalus and normal development. The fourth infant was found to have a large glioblastoma at the site of origin of his initial hemorrhage. These cases emphasize the need to consider this diagnosis in neonates born at term who have abnormal neurologic signs.
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PMID:Intraventricular hemorrhage in the neonate born at term. 47 46

A rare case of abscess within a glioblastoma with an unusual presentation occurred in a 46-year-old female who developed right hemiparesis and seizure. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated hemorrhage which mimicked hemorrhagic infarction. However, the lesions developed ring enhancement. Aspiration showed one to be an abscess, which collapsed by drainage but later re-expanded. The mass was removed, and histological examination revealed glioblastoma.
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PMID:Abscess within a glioblastoma multiforme--case report. 128 Mar 41

Fifteen patients were treated in a Phase I study of intracarotid carboplatin (200-400 mg/m2) in 5% dextrose and water infused over 15 to 30 minutes through a transfemoral catheter with a 0.2-micron inline filter. This study was done because intravenous carboplatin has less neurotoxicity than cisplatin and is active against brain tumors. Eleven men and four women ranging in age from 37 to 72 years (median, 59 years) were treated. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 in 3, 2 in 4, and 3-4 in 8 patients. Eight patients had one to three previous chemotherapy regimens; previous radiotherapy had failed in 13 patients. The response of patients in the Phase I study follows: glioblastoma, 6 failed; not evaluated because of early death from pulmonary embolus, 1; recurrent Grade II and III glioma, 1 stable (minor response with neurologic improvement) and 2 failed; malignant oligodendroglioma, 1 failed; brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer, 1 partial remission, 1 stable (minor response), and 1 failed; brain metastases from unknown primary, 1 stable (minor response with neurological improvement). Median survival was 9 weeks. Nausea was mild to moderate. One patient had granulocytopenia, and 2 had thrombocytopenia (mild). At 200 mg/m2 (2 patients), 1 had a focal seizure. At 300 mg/m2 (9 patients), 2 with abnormally small arteries had severe pain early in the treatment and posttreatment ipsilateral conjunctival edema, decreased vision, and cerebral edema (with partially reversible increased hemiparesis); 1 other had mild decrease in ipsilateral vision and 1 had transient aphasia on removal of the catheter (possibly the result of a vascular spasm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I study of intracarotid administration of carboplatin. 131 64

Aphasia due to simple partial status epilepticus is rare, particularly in the absence of a seizure history. No previous report describes acute aphasia as the sole clinical manifestation of EEG-monitored status epilepticus, with prompt resolution with treatment. We report a 45-year-old man with a left temporal glioblastoma who acutely developed a global aphasia, during which an EEG revealed continual repetitive sharp waves emanating from the left hemisphere. After injection of i.v. diazepam, the EEG seizure activity ceased, and the patient's language output returned to preseizure levels.
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PMID:Aphasia as the sole manifestation of simple partial status epilepticus. 137 Aug 1

Postoperative neurological deficit may result from ischaemic or hypoxic hypoxaemia. Postural cerebral hypoperfusion may ensue when a pre-existing asymptomatic vascular anomaly in combination with rotation of the head for surgical positioning compromises cerebral blood flow. CASE REPORT. A 30-year-old man was referred for recraniotomy for glioblastoma. Following uneventful induction of anaesthesia, increased diuresis and progressive hypothermia were observed. The postoperative period was complicated by a seizure, followed by apnoea requiring reintubation of the trachea. A CAT scan revealed global cerebral oedema with subtotal compression of the third ventricle. Intracranial pressure was 60 mm Hg as measured by an epidural probe. On the 1st postoperative day clinical and electroneurophysical signs of brain death were observed; the patient underwent organ explantation the next day. PATHOLOGY. Pathological examination revealed pronounced global hypoxaemic lesions and an S-shaped internal carotid artery with intimal proliferation (Fig. 1). The diagnostic conclusion was cerebral ischaemia following carotid occlusion caused by carotid kinking and completed by surgical positioning (rotation of the head). CONCLUSION. Carotid kinking is a rare abnormality, and patients at risk may not be identified preoperatively. Though it is questionable whether this disaster could have been prevented at all, electroneurophysiological monitoring would have been the only early monitoring system capable of detecting diminishing cerebral blood flow. Although a request for routine intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring seems unrealistic at present, it has to be acknowledged that only such monitoring could have provided the information needed to save this patient.
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PMID:[A fatal intraoperative cerebral ischemia following kinking of the internal carotid artery?]. 163 22

Four cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), a low-grade leptomeningeal glioma with a reported favorable prognosis affecting young patients, are reported together with a discussion and review of management and prognosis. A literature review has confirmed a favorable prognosis in at least 50% of patients with this disorder. Seventeen of 35 reported patients are still alive and often seizure-free for a mean period of 7.4 years (range 2 to 18 years) after diagnosis. Five patients have died within 2 years and four between 9 and 25 years after diagnosis of PXA. In some cases in which death followed shortly after diagnosis, there may have been histological confusion between PXA and a malignant glioma with heavily lipidized tumor cells. Nonetheless, transformation of PXA into a malignant astrocytoma or glioblastoma with eventual death may occur many years after initial diagnosis. From the currently reported cases it does not appear possible on clinicopathological grounds to predict which patients will have a favorable prognosis. Optimal management of PXA seems to be primary surgical resection with later surgery for residual or recurrent tumor. The role of radiotherapy in the management of PXA is at this time uncertain.
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PMID:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Report of four cases. 264 2

Discussed is an 8-year-old girl with a history of convulsive seizures. A sharply demarcated tumor, measuring 3 X 4 cm, was located in the right frontal lobe. The mass grey and cystic in the center, and microscopic specimen demonstrated bizarre, irregular, giant cell with a long vesicular nuclei and spindle-shaped cell. A perivascular pseudo-rosette formation also was seen, and silver impregnation revealed reticulin network and extracellular collagen fibers. The pathological entity of an intracranial giant celled glioblastoma remains controversial. This entity is considered a giant celled glioblastoma by some and a monstrocellular sarcoma by others. In this that the authors experienced, a CT scan showed a ring that formed a high density area and low density in the center at the right frontal lobe. Also reviewed and discussed are the historical aspects of a giant celled glioblastoma and radiologic problems that have been encountered.
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PMID:[A giant cell glioblastoma--a case report]. 270 40

A 10-year-old boy had a right posterior parietal glioblastoma 5 years after completing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Interim findings included seizures, leukoencephalopathy, diffuse mineralizing microangiopathy, and abnormal changes in neuropsychological test performance, which, in retrospect, provided information about the location of the tumor. This case highlights unusual sequelae of childhood leukemia and its treatment, as well as the value of neuropsychological procedures in assessing functional status and integrity of the brain.
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PMID:Serial neuropsychological studies of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequent glioblastoma multiforme. 302 Apr 77

Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier (BBB) modification was used in 38 patients with glioblastoma to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The patients ranged in age from 14 to 70 years (mean, 43), and all had prior surgery and radiation; 5 had also received systemic chemotherapy. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores ranged from 60 to 100% (mean, 79) on admission to the treatment program. Barrier modification was achieved by intracarotid or intravertebral artery infusion of mannitol, and a chemotherapy regimen of methotrexate, cytoxan, and procarbazine was given in conjunction with barrier modification. The 38 glioblastoma patients were compared to two control groups of patients with glioblastoma; these encompassed 14 patients treated with surgery and radiation and 8 treated with surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy. Survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model (corrected for age, sex, presence or absence of necrosis, and functional status) showed that patients receiving chemotherapy with BBB modification had a statistically significant (P = 0.0006) longer expected survival (17.5 months) than the control groups (12.8 and 11.4 months, respectively). Presently 16 patients of the barrier-enhanced treatment group are alive at 5 to 42 months from diagnosis (median, 20) with KPS scores ranging from 40 to 90% (median, 65). The neurological complications seen included a stroke-like syndrome in 3 patients (1 with decreased motor movement in the hand, 1 with marked hemiparesis, and 1 with hemiplegia), transient exacerbation of preexisting neurological deficits lasting 2 to 3 days, and a 15% incidence of seizures during or within 24 hours of the BBB modification. In 2 of the 38 patients, radiographic documentation of central nervous system tumor regression concurrent with the development of new tumor nodule(s) in portions of the brain distant from the region of osmotic BBB opening was seen. These studies indicate that chemotherapeutic drug delivery to tumors (as well as surrounding brain) can be augmented by osmotic BBB modification and that such therapy can result in a prolongation of survival.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of multiagent chemotherapy with drug delivery enhancement by blood-brain barrier modification in glioblastoma. 309 67

Gangliogliomas are rare benign tumors of the central nervous system containing neoplastic ganglion and low grade glial cells. In studying 10 surgically treated cases, we evaluated the clinical, pathological, radiological, and immunocytochemical features, with follow-up. Ranging from 18 to 58 years in age, 7 patients were women, and 3 were men. The most common presenting symptom was seizure. Computed tomographic scan showed a low density enhancing mass in 8 and calcification in 5. Six had minimally abnormal vascularity on angiography. Seven patients had total and 3 had subtotal resections of the tumor. The temporal lobe was the location of the tumor in 6 cases. All of the cases met the histological criteria of Russell and Rubinstein for ganglioglioma. Four patients received postoperative radiotherapy because of subtotal resection or aggressive histological makeup. On follow-up, from 2.5 to 7 years, 8 patients are alive and tumor-free, and 7 are also seizure-free. Two died after operation: one immediately and the other of a glioblastoma that developed 5 years later. Our study confirms that ganglioglioma is a distinct histological entity, anatomically localized, with characteristic clinical and radiological findings and long term survival. Aggressive histological makeup is not a definite indication of malignant potential. The definitive role of follow-up radiotherapy for this tumor needs further study. Malignant evolution is rare, but warrants follow-up.
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PMID:Ganglioglioma: a correlative clinicopathological and radiological study of ten surgically treated cases with follow-up. 357 19


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