Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two transplantable cell lines of human glioblastoma multiforme GL-3 and GL-5 carried an amplification and overexpression of structurally altered epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene: the 140 kilodalton EGF receptors in these cases exhibited a constitutively expressed tyrosine kinase activity without the ligand. Here, we isolated the abnormal EGF receptor cDNA from GL-5 cell line, and demonstrated that this cDNA bears a single large intramolecular deletion mutation 801 base pairs long within the ligand binding domain of EGF receptor. In other regions no amino acid substitution was observed. At the level of genomic DNA, this deletion appeared to start from the 1st intron and terminate in the 6th intron of the EGF receptor gene. However, in the two lines of glioblastoma, GL-3 and GL-5, the positions of the start or the end of the deletion mutation in these introns were not identical, suggesting an involvement of a unique recombination mechanism in the formation of deletion mutation. A weak but ligand-independent transforming activity was observed in the deletion-carrying EGF receptor cDNA.
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PMID:A deletion mutation within the ligand binding domain is responsible for activation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human brain tumors. 216 66

Six patients with glial tumours showing xanthomatous change are reported here. Four patients in the series showed features of anaplastic (malignant) glioma or glioblastoma multiforme. In these patients, the astrocytic origin of the xanthomatous cells was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Of these, in one patient (no. 4) xanthomatous change was seen in an anaplastic (malignant) mixed glioma with significant ependymal component. Only one patient (no. 5) could be considered histologically as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, but no clinical follow up was available. The value of immunohistochemical staining for GFAP in distinguishing gliomas with xanthomatous change from true xanthofibromas and xanthosarcomas was demonstrated in one patient (no. 6) in whom the glioblastomatous areas were GFAP positive but the xanthomatous areas were negative. This was therefore considered as a rare condition of glioblastoma with xanthosarcoma.
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PMID:Xanthomatous change in tumours of glial origin. 217 36

Histological, immunocytochemical, and biological features of 38 giant cell gliomas were investigated. The invasion of these tumors and its giant cells by histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and especially by eosinophilic granulocytes is viewed as an immune response, which may explain a favorable clinical course. Fifty-three percent of the patients were younger than 45 years at the time of surgery. The average postoperative survival of 27.4 months was clearly longer than in glioblastoma. These biological features suggest a differentiation from glioblastoma multiforme. The classification of this entity as "monstrocellular astrocytoma" is proposed.
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PMID:Contribution to the problem of giant cell astrocytomas. 245 50

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 recognizes a nuclear antigen which is expressed during the G1, S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Immunostaining of frozen biopsy material thus presents a convenient and rapid method for the estimation of the growth fraction in human neoplasia. This report summarizes the results obtained in 178 neurosurgical biopsies. The highest incidence of Ki-67 positive nuclei was observed in 8 metastatic carcinomas (mean: 20%) and in 53 cases of glioblastoma multiforme (10%). Glioblastomas showed considerable variation, the fraction of stained nuclei ranging from 1 to 28%. For astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas we found a close correlation between the Ki-67 index and the histological grade in agreement with known biological behaviour. In anaplastic gliomas (WHO grade III) the upper limit was 11%, in grade II gliomas, 6%. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and pituitary adenomas showed mean staining indices of approximately 1%. In 13 meningiomas the mean Ki-67 index was 1% but rose to 5% in recurrent and anaplastic meningiomas. Assessment of the growth fraction in human brain tumours by immunostaining with Ki-67 could become an important tool in the prediction of the biological behaviour of nervous system neoplasms and the planning of adjuvant therapy.
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PMID:Ki-67 immunoperoxidase stain as marker for the histological grading of nervous system tumours. 246 41

To study the progression of astrocytic neoplasms and to provide practical information about the topography of the glioblastoma multiforme, the distribution of eight defined cell types was mapped from whole brain sections of 18 glioblastomas studied postmortem. Based on the densities and topographic distributions of well-differentiated and anaplastic cells, three principal categories of neoplasms were defined. In one group of three cases, multifocal glioblastomas appeared to be emerging in the background of a better differentiated, and presumably precursory, astrocytic neoplasm. In another group of nine cases, the neoplasms were more intimate mixtures of well and poorly differentiated cells. The third group of five cases was composed of neoplasms that were largely undifferentiated without a component of better differentiated cells. The study suggests that progression from a better differentiated neoplasm to one composed largely of undifferentiated cells is common in the fibrillary astrocytic neoplasms. Although some glioblastomas appear largely undifferentiated and consistent with the de novo appearance of overt malignancy, the size of these neoplasms and the patterns of necrosis leave open the possibility that a preexisting better differentiated neoplasm had been obliterated by necrosis and the overgrowth of the anaplastic component. The potential topographic variation of cellular constituency in a glioblastoma underscores the care that must be exercised in utilization of the needle biopsy technique in the diagnosis and grading of astrocytic neoplasms.
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PMID:Cytologic composition of the untreated glioblastoma with implications for evaluation of needle biopsies. 253 42

In Brain Tumor Cooperative Group Study 77-02, eleven institutions randomized 603 adult patients with supratentorial malignant glioma to one of four treatment groups following surgery: conventional radiotherapy (6000 cGy in 30-35 fractions) + BCNU, conventional radiotherapy + streptozotocin, hyperfractionated (twice daily) radiotherapy (6600 cGy in 60 fractions) + BCNU, and conventional radiotherapy with misonidazole followed by BCNU. Data were analyzed for the total randomized population and for the 557 patients (86% with glioblastoma multiforme) who met protocol eligibility specifications (including confirmed histopathology on central review). Median survival was approximately 10 months following randomization. Overall there was no statistically significant difference in survival among the four groups. Among non-glioblastoma patients, the misonidazole group appeared to have poor survival. Peripheral neuropathy was a dose-limiting toxicity with misonidazole. It is concluded that neither the addition of misonidazole nor hyperfractionated radiotherapy as given in this protocol offered any advantage over conventional radiotherapy plus either BCNU or streptozotocin for treatment of malignant glioma.
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PMID:Results of a randomized trial comparing BCNU plus radiotherapy, streptozotocin plus radiotherapy, BCNU plus hyperfractionated radiotherapy, and BCNU following misonidazole plus radiotherapy in the postoperative treatment of malignant glioma. 254 93

The case of a 48-year-old male patient is reported in whom a primary malignant cerebral neoplasm was cured by its neurosurgical removal and by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Initially, from the results of the examination of frozen and paraffin section, the tumour was considered to be a glioblastoma multiforme. Electronmicroscopy, immunohistochemistry and review of the light microscopy of the original biopsy sample after his death by suicide four-and-a-half years later showed the neoplasm to have been a primary cerebral neuroblastoma rather than a glioblastoma. The diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme, which depends upon multiple non-specific microscopic findings, such as necrosis, abnormal blood vessels, anaplasia and the pleomorphism of tumour cells, often is imprecise. Our experience underlines the need for comprehensive neuropathological studies of malignant cerebral neoplasms, including transmission electronmicroscopy and immunohistochemistry. This is of particular importance in view of the dismal prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme and of the palliative, rather than curative, treatment programmes that frequently are indicated for this tumour. The value of our report is to demonstrate that a cerebral neuroblastoma, which potentially is curable, may be mistaken easily for a glioblastoma-even by competent neuropathologists.
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PMID:High-grade cerebral neuroblastoma: a case study. 254 39

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family consists of three different dimeric forms, AA, BB, and AB, of the two constituent polypeptide chains, A and B. These interact with two different cell surface receptors that, in part, mediate different cellular functions. The various forms of PDGF, as well as the receptors, are expressed at high frequency in glioblastoma multiforme, and it has been suggested that the growth of this tumor might be affected by autocrine loops involving PDGF and its receptors. The present paper focuses on recent discoveries regarding the family of PDGF ligands and receptors, as well as reviews results concerning PDGF-dependent autocrine growth in experimental and spontaneous glioblastoma.
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PMID:Structural and functional aspects of platelet-derived growth factor and its role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. 254 95

Twenty-four adults with glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma, grade 4) underwent postoperative large dose fraction radiotherapy (LDFR; 5 Gy twice weekly) with Linac X-rays. The outcome in this group was compared with that of 26 patients who received conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFR; 2 Gy 5 times weekly). The time, dose, and fractionation (TDF) factor was about 100 in both groups. The survival rates following LDFR and CFR were, respectively, 63% vs 65% at 1 year; 36% vs 8% at 2 years; 17% vs 4% at 3 years; and 4% vs 0% at 5 years. Although the survival curve for LDFR was superior to that for CFR, the difference was not statistically significant. Autopsies of nine LDFR and 13 CFR patients showed no residual tumor in one case and no cases, respectively; small residual tumor in three cases in each group; extensive coagulation necrosis of the tumor and surrounding brain tissue in one LDFR and four CFR patients; tumor proliferation in three LDFR and four CFR cases; and mixed glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma in one LDFR and two CFR patients. These results suggest that maximum tumor removal followed by LDFR may offer a better prognosis for patients with glioblastoma than that offered by surgery plus CFR.
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PMID:Large dose fraction radiotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma. 255 May 92

A 70-year-old woman is reported who had glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum 52 years after radiation therapy to a midline cerebellar tumor. Seven similar reported cases are reviewed. Dedifferentiation of astrocytoma to glioblastoma and the role of radiation therapy are discussed.
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PMID:Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum five decades after irradiation of a cerebellar tumor. 255 54


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