Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tumor viability of 28 gliomas after radiation therapy has been investigated by dynamic CT scan that estimated 4 parameters (Area, Peak, Time of Peak, and, Height of Plateau) from a time-density curve. Glioblastoma showed higher values of Area and Peak, whereas astrocytomas showed lower values when compared to those found in normal gray matter. After radiation therapy, the Area and Peak decreased and the Time to Peak was prolonged, suggesting a decrease in blood volume and blood flow in the tumor tissue. The increased Height of Plateau showed an increased permeability of the tumor-vessels. These results suggest that a dynamic CT scan provides a useful indicator of the change in tumor-viability after radiation therapy.
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PMID:[Decreased tumor viability of gliomas after radiation therapy, evaluated by dynamic CT scan]. 335 57

Hyperthermia with 13.56 MHz was studied experimentally and clinically. Experimental studies revealed the following. To spare the surface electrodes greater than half of the phantom in diameter should be employed preferably. By cooling the electrodes, the surface is additionally spared, which is important in patients with thick subcutaneous fat. The application of different electrode sizes induces higher temperature in the vicinity of the smaller electrode. Relatively homogeneous heat distribution occurred in the brain. In contrast, thorax mediastinum and hilar areas do show much temperature increase, whereas lung parenchyma shows a high increase. Pelvis generally demonstrates a uniform temperature increase. High frequency currents do hardly penetrate bones but it achieves higher temperature by convection sequence. The best clinical results were obtained in superficial tumors; for example, breast carcinoma showed an 80% remission rate. ENT tumors responded well, with a remission rate of 73%. Glioblastoma showed no improvement with hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is well tolerated. Therefore, this treatment mode is highly recommended to be used as an adjunct to radiotherapy in palliative treatment.
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PMID:13.56 MHz hyperthermia temperature distribution in phantoms, and clinical results of therapy. 408 Nov 11

Tumor tissues of glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, maintained up to 21--28 days by gelfoam organ culture technique, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Glioblastoma multiform has irregular cell surface and many cytoplasmic folds. Astrocytoma has many fibrils. The fibrils have smooth surface and are coiling. Fibrils of piloid astrocytoma are smooth and cylindrical. The focal thickness of fibrils are associated with so-called Rosenthal fiber. Capillary of astrocytoma has irregular surface and marked tortuosity. Medulloblastoma is composed of non-fibrillated round tumor cells. The tumor cells touch each other with short cell processes. These findings seemed to correspond to the malignancy of original tumor. Comparative observation of medulloblastoma maintained by monolayer cell culture with one maintained by organ culture, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, was done. And medulloblastoma in monolayer culture was proliferated to two types of cells. One is epitheloid cell with taper cell processes, and the other is stellate cell with fine processes. In most organ culture, feature of cells corresponded to those observed in original surgical material by light microscopy.
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PMID:[Scanning electron microscopy of human cultured gliomas (author's transl)]. 625 76

We cloned a previously characterized glioblastoma-derived parent cell line (12-18) in order to obtain a relatively homogenous population of human neural cells of neoplastic origin. These cells reach high densities in culture (over 100,000 cells/cm2) and have a high mean DNA content per cell of 18.1 +/- 0.9 pg. A histogram of the cloned cells' chromosome numbers revealed one peak and a modal near diploid number of 52, whereas the parent cell line had expressed polyploidy, with several peaks (including 52) at population doubling level 16. Several consistent results were obtained by Giemsa staining. A persistent structural alteration was the duplication of the long arm of chromosome #9 on to another arm of #9, and the translocation of the short arm of #9 to chromosome #21. We further observed that these cloned cells secrete a specific protease, a plasminogen activator (PA), into serum-free medium (SFM). This enzyme was assayed by the conversion of purified plasminogen to plasmin and the subsequent degradation by plasmin of 125I-labelled fibrin. Glioblastoma-derived cells had higher levels of cell-associated PA activity (2.9-fold) and released more PA activity into SFM (22-fold) than human fetal neural cells. The presence of this protease suggests a mechanism for the invasive character of these neoplasms (glioblastoma multiforme) in vivo.
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PMID:Properties of cloned human glioblastoma cells. Release of a specific protease. 676 10

Eighty patients older than 65 years underwent craniotomy for primary or secondary brain tumors. Glioblastoma was the most common tumor, followed by metastatic carcinoma and meningioma. Three patients died within 30 days of surgery. Twenty-three patients showed development of postoperative systemic complications, of which pulmonary complications were most common. Thirty-seven (44%) of the patients showed significant improvement, but 13 (21%) became worse after surgery. Most brain tumors in elderly patients are operable. However, the surgical indications should be determined by the nature of the tumor and the condition of the individual patient. Preoperative and postoperative management must be more demanding if systemic complication are to be avoided.
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PMID:Brain tumors in the elderly. 724 29

The expression of the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was analyzed in 29 human brain tumors (4 astrocytomas, 7 glioblastomas, 3 medulloblastomas, 3 oligodendrogliomas, 7 meningiomas, and others) using monoclonal antibody after digestion with alkaline phosphatase, and compared with proliferative activities measured by in vivo uptake of bromodeoxyuridine. Medulloblastomas contained the highest amounts of PDGF B-chain, some four to eight times more than that in control brain tissue. The most predominant PDGF molecule of the medulloblastoma was 17 kd. Astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, and meningiomas contained predominantly 30 and/or 22-24 kd molecules. Glioblastoma and meningioma proliferative activities correlated closely to PDGF concentrations, with only a few exceptions. Tumors that contained a high level of PDGF B-chain showed high proliferative activity, while tumors with high proliferative activity did not always contain a high level of PDGF B-chain. Tumors that contain many PDGF B-chains may thus indicate malignancy.
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PMID:Expression of the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor and proliferative activity of human brain tumors. 768 50

Glioblastoma is very rarely found outside the central nervous system. The ability of rat C6 glioblastoma cells to intravasate into central nervous system and pial blood vessels is tested using a rat homografting model and two in vitro models. In vivo, scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that upon grafting C6 cells into implantation pockets in rat cortex, blood vessels can be spared in large digestion cysts formed in host brain parenchyma. Immunocytochemistry of the grafted rat cortex reveals that the glioblastoma cells are upon the blood vessel basement membrane, surrounded by the extracellular matrix material, fibronectin. The endothelial cells of the blood vessel are inside the laminin and fibronectin, and there were areas of endothelial cell hyperplasia. C6 cells are not observed inside blood vessels. In vitro, C6 cell cultures seeded with blood vessels from fresh rat pia exhibit the same relationship of the C6 glioblastoma cells to the blood vessel as those in the other models. The C6 cells migrate upon the pial blood vessel basement membrane but do not intravasate into the blood vessel. To ascertain whether structure and components of the blood vessel basement membrane are important factors in glioblastoma cell exclusion from blood vessels, C6 cells are seeded upon artificial basement membrane hydrated gel wafers. C6 cells migrate into the artificial basement membrane gel wafer by 1 day after seeding. These data indicate that glioblastoma cells are confined to the central nervous system by an inability to pass through vital basement membrane.
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PMID:Glioblastoma cells do not intravasate into blood vessels. 770 48

Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor. Inhibition of angiogenesis is one potential strategy for treating this fatal hypervascular tumor. AGM-1470 (also called TNP-470), a novel, potent, fungus-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis, was tested on the growth of human glioblastoma cells in culture and on the growth of the tumor in nude mice. In nude mice with subrenally implanted U-87 MG glioblastomas, AGM-1470 significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.01), and in nude mice with intracranial U-87 MG glioblastomas, AGM-1470 prolonged survival. In addition to its expected action as an angiogenesis inhibitor, AGM-1470 also directly inhibited U-87 MG cells in culture at concentrations similar to those that inhibited endothelial cells. The combined inhibition of glioblastoma cell mitosis and of glioblastoma-induced neovascularization suggests that AGM-1470 should be considered for further investigation in the treatment of this fatal tumor.
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PMID:AGM-1470 inhibits the growth of human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. 805 85

Glioblastoma, glioma or neuroblastoma cells were examined for the expression of IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) by flow cytometric analysis and 125I-IL-4 binding. These cancer cell lines expressed IL-4R which were of high affinity (KD = 700 x 10(-12) M) on glioblastoma cells. To investigate the function of these receptors and to target potent cytotoxic antitumor agents to human neurological cancers, we utilized IL4-PE4E, which is composed of IL-4 and mutant Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE4E). This chimeric molecule was cytotoxic toward human glioblastoma, neuroblastoma and glioma tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of IL4-PE4E was specific, since it was neutralized by excess IL-4, and by an anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody in all types of brain tumor tested. IL2-PE4E and IL6-PE4E were not cytotoxic, nor was an IL4-PE4E mutant lacking ADP-ribosylating activity, indicating the IL4-PE4E-mediated cytotoxicity of the brain tumor cells required both IL-4R binding and enzymatic toxin activity. These data indicate that human neurological cancer cells express IL-4R which are targets for the cytotoxic effects of IL4-toxin. In addition, our data also suggest that IL4-PE4E should be studied further as a potential treatment for human neurological cancers.
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PMID:Human neurological cancer cells express interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptors which are targets for the toxic effects of IL4-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric protein. 805 54

According to differences in mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, calpastatins (inhibitor proteins of the calcium-dependent proteinase calpain) are classified into the tissue type (100-120 kDa) and the erythrocyte type (70 kDa), which lacks the amino-terminal domains (domains L and 1). We investigated the molecular diversity of calpastatin in human hematopoietic cells by Western-blot analysis and by the reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain reaction method. While the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in peripheral blood showed the tissue type (110 and 114 kDa), a cell line of erythroid cells (JK-1) showed both the tissue type (110 kDa) and the erythrocyte type (70 kDa) at approximately equal ratios. When the lysate of JK-1 cells was incubated in the presence of ATP, the 110-kDa form was degraded much faster than the 70-kDa form. In human erythrocytes, the 110-kDa form was identified as the tissue type by an antibody recognizing domain L, and this form was also present in addition to the predominant 70-kDA form. JK-1 cells, as well as nucleated cells in peripheral blood, contained calpastatin mRNA with exon-3-deleted. Glioblastoma and fibroblast cell lines expressed the nondeleted calpastatin mRNA in addition to the deletion type, and they showed bands corresponding to 117 kDa as well as 110 and 114 kDa. The 117-kDa band was detectable by an anti-exon 3 peptide antibody. These results suggest that diversity among the tissue type calpastatins is caused by both alternative splicing and post-translational processing whereas the apparent conversion from the tissue type to the erythrocyte type is caused by proteolytic processing.
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PMID:Molecular diversity of calpastatin in human erythroid cells. 851 20


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