Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve cases of malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma 4, glioblastoma 8, recurrent 3, primary 9) were treated with ACNU and radiation with sensitizing agents after the surgical removal of the tumor. BUdR, Vidarabine (Ara-A), Aciclovir (ACV) were applied for sensitizing agents. BUdR was administrated intraarterially prior to radiation (380 rad, two times a week), and Ara-A and ACV intravenously during and after the radiation. Total dosage of the radiation was 50-60 Grey for each case. All recurrent and eight primary patients died. The mean survival time of the recurrent patients was 17.7 months, while that of the primary patients was 13.4 months. One of the primary patient was glioblastoma and is still surviving more than 24 months by now. The complete response (CR) rate of the primary tumor patients observed by computerized tomography (CT) scan was 5/9. We can expect the availability of this trial for malignant gliomas because of high CR rate in primary tumor cases.
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PMID:[A trial of ACNU and radiation therapy with sensitizing agents for malignant gliomas]. 262 8

Eighty-three malignant supratenorial astrocytic gliomas in adult patients were evaluated. The patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy. To establish their influence on survival, 10 histological variables were evaluated (degree of cellularity, polymorphism, predominant cell type, nuclear atypia, mitotic index, vascular proliferation, endothelial hyperplasia, glomeruloid formations, lymphocytic infiltration, necrosis and pseudofences). Two definite levels of aggressivity were found (anaplastic astrocytoma and multiform glioblastoma) with statistically significant differences in survival (p less than 0.025). They were diagnosed on the basis of the presence or absence of necrosis. In the absence of this parameter, vascular phenomena, cellularity and nuclear atypia were found to be valid for the differentiation of the two mentioned groups.
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PMID:[Malignant astrocytic glioma of the brain in adults: histologic criteria determining its classification, diagnosis and prognosis]. 263 95

The prognostic accuracy of cell kinetics investigations in patients affected from glial tumors, submitted to serial stereotactic biopsy is reported. The methodology is described and the results obtained in 103 patients are discussed with particular regard to mature and anaplastic astrocytoma series. In conclusion the value of the procedure has been clearly demonstrated in glial tumors different form glioblastoma.
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PMID:Predictive accuracy of cell kinetics data in glial tumors investigated by serial stereotactic biopsy. 267 56

The patients of malignant glioma mostly consisting of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma (GM) were surveyed at the Committee for Compiling the Manual of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Brain Tumors, organized by Japanese Association for Radiotherapy Research. Total 286 patients were treated at ten institutes during the period from January 1985 through December 1987. Numbers of cases with AA and GM were 130 and 156, respectively. Concerning the treatment volume, the medium field (50-100 cm2) was applied to 127 patients (37.4%) and the whole brain to 25 one (7.4%). The total dose was given by the range from 56 Gy to 65 Gy in 158 patients (47.6%). One-year survival ratio of AA and GM were 60-75% and 40-65%, respectively. For obtaining the improvement of local control rate, it is considered that the beam focusing onto the target lesion and the sufficient removal of the tumor are necessary and essential.
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PMID:[Current status of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant glioma:]. 268 70

Three-tiered system dividing supratentorial astrocytic neoplasms into the astrocytoma, anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma and the glioblastoma multiforme has been widely used. However, the pathology of anaplastic astrocytoma is defined in different ways according to different classifications. A total of 42 biopsy specimens from 35 cases diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma were reviewed pathologically and their features were correlated with a follow-up clinical study to discuss the prognostic usefulness of the subdivision of anaplastic astrocytoma. In WHO classification, anaplastic astrocytoma is defined as "astrocytoma containing areas of anaplasia". Follow-up study of 7 cases with the histology as such revealed that 5 cases had survived more than one year and seven months. The other 28 cases showed a varied histology and were subclassified into an astrocytoma in which moderately anaplastic cells are found throughout the tumor, an astrocytoma formed by anaplastic fusiform cells, an astrocytoma composed of predominantly rounded anaplastic cells, and a pleomorphic astrocytoma with or without intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions. A follow-up study of cases with these types of astrocytoma disclosed death in 15 cases within one year and 7 months following the first surgery and that three cases displayed typical histological features of glioblastoma at autopsy. It is considered that there would be a considerable overlap between the group of anaplastic astrocytoma and that of glioblastoma, if we use the term "anaplastic astrocytoma" in a broader category.
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PMID:[Problems entailed in the definition and pathology of anaplastic astrocytoma]. 281 Jul 69

To define tumor boundaries prior to radiation therapy, 13 patients with intracranial glial neoplasms had tumor biopsies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--computed tomography (CT) stereotactic technique. Precise histologic sampling of the lesion volume was correlated with the MRI and CT-defined 'lesion'. Tumor boundaries extended beyond the CT or MRI margin in 4 of 4 cases of glioblastoma, 1 of 3 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, and 1 of 6 cases of well-differentiated astrocytoma. While stereotactic MRI is superior to stereotactic CT in the visualization of glial neoplasms, accurate tumor biopsy is mandatory to define both tumor type and margins before pre-operative radiation therapy.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging does not define tumor boundaries. 298 Apr 37

Controlled, prospective, randomized studies were performed to evaluate the effects of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3- (2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and ACNU plus tegafur as additions to radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas. In the first trial, 105 patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma were randomly divided into two groups after surgery and received radiotherapy (RT, 40 to 60 Gy to the whole brain), or radiotherapy plus concomitant chemotherapy with ACNU (100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 42). Effects of the treatment were compared in 82 evaluable patients from results of CT scans taken before and one month after the completion of radiotherapy. The regression rates more than 50% of the tumor size were observed in 15.0% of patients treated with RT alone and in 47.6% of patients treated with RT plus ACNU. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). In the second trial, 87 patients were randomly divided into two groups and received RT plus ACNU, or RT plus combined chemotherapy with ACNU and tegafur (400 mg/m2, daily for 8 weeks). Sixty-nine patients were within the valid study group. The regression rates more than 50% of the tumor size were observed in 34.2% of patients treated with RT plus ACNU: and in 41.2% treated with RT, ACNU plus tegafur. No statistical difference was noted in the response rate between the groups. These results indicate that ACNU is an effective agent in conjunction with radiotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas, and that tegafur does not enhance the effectiveness of ACNU.
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PMID:[Evaluation of ACNU alone and combined with tegafur as additions to radiotherapy of the treatment of malignant gliomas--a cooperative clinical trial]. 300 Apr 12

Diffuse astrocytomas of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord are classified into three groups according to the degree of tumor anaplasia. These groups are the astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas have a better prognosis and are clinically and biologically distinct from the diffuse, fibrillary astrocytomas. The prognosis of astrocytomas depends not only on histologic characteristics, but also age of the patient, location of the tumor, and extent of surgical resection. The pattern of invasion into surrounding brain distinguishes gliomas from metastatic carcinomas and sarcomas. Topographic correlations have shown that malignant gliomas may invade the brain for distances of up to several centimeters from the enhancing rim seen on CT scan. However, the junction between glioblastoma and adjacent brain may also be fairly abrupt, with a peripheral margin of less than 1 mm. Recurrent glioblastomas are more widely invasive and often extend into areas that appear normal on CT scan. The optimal site for tumor biopsy corresponds to areas of contrast enhancement. Primitive neuroepithelial tumors are malignant neoplasms with a poor prognosis. They tend to recur locally and metastasize throughout the neuraxis via the CSF. It remains controversial whether these tumors should be classified as a single entity with the potential for differentiation along different cell lines, or whether the categories of neuroblastoma, spongioblastoma, ependymoblastoma, pineoblastoma, and medulloblastoma should be retained as specific entities. The medulloblastoma is the most common of these neoplasms, its clinicopathologic features are well characterized, and the current 5-year survivals of 50 to 60 per cent are better than for other "primitive" neoplasms. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a specific marker for immature, reactive, and neoplastic astrocytes and ependymal cells. Although the absence of GFAP in a neoplasm does not exclude an astrocytic origin, the presence of GFAP indicates astrocytic or ependymal differentiation. This has important diagnostic applications. The expression of GFAP is used to distinguish astrocytic neoplasms from epithelial or mesenchymal tumors that may on occasion mimic a glioma. The detection of GFAP is also useful in the investigation of tumor histogenesis and differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Although meningiomas exhibit a wide variety of histologic patterns, most tumors exhibit similar biologic and clinical behavior regardless of the histologic subtype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathologic analysis of primary brain tumors. 300 88

The purpose of this study is to present the methodology and results of a clinical trial of local chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors based on slowly-releasing anticancer drug-polymer composites. The slowly releasing drugs were prepared by combining and mutually dispersing anticancer agents with glassified monomers containing 10% polymetacrylic methyl acid and then this compound was frozen at -78 degrees C and exposed to 1 X 10(6) rad of gamma rays from cobalt 60. Thus we prepared a compound of polymers and anticancer agents. We used needle-shaped capsules of this compound. These capsules release the drug very slowly over 40 days. We administered locally to the malignant brain tumors with either slowly releasing mitomycin, slowly releasing adriamycin, slowly releasing ACNU or slowly releasing 5 Fu drugs. The following techniques were employed in implantation these capsules. Implantation into the remaining tumor wall at the time of excision. Implantation into the tumor by CT-guided stereotactic method. We implanted these drugs into tumor of 55 cases, thereafter we conducted both radiation and chemotherapy with ACNU in most patients. This method has the following advantages: It is possible to be employed to different types of anticancer agents. Both dosage and releasing time can be adjusted. It is possible to administer these capsules postoperatively by the stereotactic method. The clinical study consists of 55 patients, 20 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, 23 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, 5 cases of oligodendroglioma, 3 cases of medulloblastoma and 4 cases of others. Survival rate estimated by Kaplan-Meier method was 47% in glioblastoma at 12 months and 91% in anaplastic astrocytoma at 18 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment of malignant brain tumors with slowly releasing anticancer drug-polymer composites]. 302 49

Forty-two patients with supratentorial gliomas not involving the basal ganglia (extraganglionic) were studied pre- and postoperatively with computed tomographic (CT) scans to evaluate the effect of the extent of surgical resection on the immediate postoperative results. Thirty-three patients (79%) had malignant astrocytic gliomas (glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma), 4 patients (10%) had well-differentiated astrocytomas, and 5 (12%) had oligodendrogliomas. The median age was 58 years, and the median Karnofsky rating was 70. There was no operative mortality. Six patients (14%) had surgical complications. A gross total resection was defined as the absence of any abnormal enhancement on the postoperative CT scan. A nearly gross total resection had been accomplished when less than 10% of the preoperatively enhancing mass was still seen. A partial resection was indicated by the presence of more than 10% of the enhancing lesion on the postoperative CT scan. A gross total or nearly gross total resection was accomplished in 36 patients (86%), and an improved or stable postoperative neurological status was present in 35 of these patients (97%). In contrast, the rate of neurological morbidity after a partial resection was 40%. Supratentorial extraganglionic gliomas, regardless of their histological type, generally were well-circumscribed lesions except at the level of the ventricular wall, where glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas blended with the subependymal white matter from which they seemed to arise.
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PMID:Supratentorial gliomas: surgical considerations and immediate postoperative results. Gross total resection versus partial resection. 303 98


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