Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical phase I/II studies have been performed at the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (SIN) since February 1982. Fifty-two out of 249 patients accepted for pion treatment by the end of 1986 were treated for malignant glioma with high dose pion irradiation. A substantial influence of their radioresistance was expected from increased radiation quality due to the contribution of high LET particles from pion capture, and by the possibility of target volume shaping and dose distribution related to the dynamic spot-scan conformation technique. The patients' treatment followed a dose escalation program with total doses from 2720-3420 cGy, fraction sizes from 170 to 205 cGy (90% isodose, minimum target dose), and treatment times from 4 to 5 weeks. 12/52 patients received an accelerated treatment with 3280 cGy in 14-22 days. 49/52 patients are eligible: 3 with astrocytoma of clinical aggressive behaviour, 14 with anaplastic astrocytoma (median age 42 years), and 32 patients with glioblastoma (median age 52 years). 8/49 patients had total/subtotal tumour resection, 19 patients a stereotactic biopsy. The patients were divided into three groups according to total dose, and a fourth group which received the accelerated treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the median survival rate between the four groups, which was 13 months for the non-glioblastoma patients and 9 months for the glioblastoma patients. No radiation necrosis and no demyelination was found in 17 patients (6 recraniotomies, 11 autopsies). In 10/17 patients, clearly identifiable tumour cells were not demonstrated. NMR findings showed the tumour-surrounding oedema mostly stimulated by tumour necrosis and tumour progression. From these findings, further dose escalation programs, together with a shaping of the target volume close to the tumour, are not contraindicated.
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PMID:Anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma: pion irradiation with the dynamic conformation technique at the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (SIN). 210 74

Thirty-three patients were treated at the Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine (Houston) between 1983 and 1987, for high-grade gliomas which had recurred after conventional external-beam radiation therapy. The mean dose to the tumor volume from the external-beam therapy was 5800 cGy. Thirteen patients had recurrent astrocytoma Grade 4 (glioblastoma), whereas 20 had recurrent astrocytoma Grade 3 (anaplastic astrocytoma). All patients were treated for their recurrence by the combination of reexcision of as much of the tumor mass as was technically feasible and intraoperative radiogold (198Au) seed implantation of the residual tumor and/or tumor bed. The mean dose to the tumor volume from the implant was 4000 cGy. For the 13 patients treated for recurrent glioblastoma the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 46%, 15%, and 8%, respectively. For the 20 patients treated for recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 75%, 50%, and 15%, respectively. Survival was measured from the time of implant. The median survival for patients with glioblastoma was 9 months. The median survival for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma was 17 months. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period from a gastrointestinal bleed. No patient required reoperation for radiation necrosis. The authors believe that this technique is an effective treatment for patients with high-grade gliomas recurring after external-beam radiation therapy, and are now including interstitial irradiation in the initial management of selected patients with high-grade gliomas.
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PMID:Interstitial radiogold implantation for the treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas. 216 43

We reviewed the records of 160 consecutive patients with glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma to evaluate the long-term consequences of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We defined long-term survivors as those patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma who lived at least 100% longer than median survival of historical controls, for example, 2 years for patients with glioblastoma and 4 years for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. There were 9 (5.6%) long-term survivors. Three (30%) became demented and died without evidence of tumor recurrence. One, after survival of 10 years, died of tumor recurrence. Of the remaining survivors, 2 (22%) have significantly impaired short-term memory function and other neurological deficits such as gait apraxia. Three (30%) can function independently. It is likely but cannot be proved that it is radiotherapy and not chemotherapy that is the causal factor of this dismal therapeutic outcome. Our study suggests restraint in the use of radiotherapy for patients with brain tumors that have more favorable prognoses than glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, such as low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
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PMID:Effects of treatment on long-term survivors with malignant astrocytomas. 192 24

During the 3 years 1978-1980 146 adult patients with intracranial glioma were diagnosed in the Province of Uusimaa in southern Finland. The median survival of all patients was 15 months, of glioblastoma (n = 41) 5.1 months, of anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 29) 12.4 months, of benign grade I-II astrocytoma (n = 30) 93.5 months, of other glioma 82.9 months (n = 27), and of probable glioma 9.8 months (n = 19); 22 patients are still alive 8.9-11.9 years after diagnosis. The patients who were 15-44 years of age at the time of diagnosis survived 75.4 months in the median (n = 58), 45-64 years 10.5 months (n = 61) and 65 years or older 4.8 months (n = 27); 96 patients were operated, 89 received radiotherapy and 34 chemotherapy. According to the proportional hazards' model, follow-up time, age and histological type of tumor were statistically highly significant in explaining differences in survival.
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PMID:Therapy and survival of adult patients with intracranial glioma in a defined population. 222 Mar 13

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare clinical entity characterized by diffuse and infiltrative overgrowth of the tumor cells. Most of the previously reported cases of GC were autopsy cases because the clinical diagnosis of GC has been difficult. The authors report four cases diagnosed clinically as GC. Cases 1 and 2 are females aged 19 and 69. Cases 3 and 4 are males aged 47 and 50. In the first three cases, CT findings were almost normal. MRI study, especially on its T2 weighted image (T2W1), clearly demonstrated the wide extent of the infiltration of the tumor cells along the white matter. The last case occurred in the pre-MRI era, but contrast enhanced CT showed a bilateral periventricular high density area accompanied by diffuse low density white matter. Three of them underwent echo-guided needle biopsy, and one underwent partial excision of the lesion. Histological diagnosis was glioblastoma in Cases 1 and 4, and anaplastic astrocytoma in Cases 2 and 3. Difficulty in the clinical diagnosis of GC has been based on the fact that traditional imaging studies, including CT, can not clearly show the extent of tumor cell infiltration. MRI study is a very sensitive imaging technique which can easily demonstrate the area infiltrated by glioma cells. So we may be able to make clinical diagnosis of GC, coupling the data from MRI study and brain biopsy. The authors expect that accumulation of clinical experiences of GC may give useful information for the investigation of "invasion", which is one of the major problems in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri by radioimages]. 230 12

A case-control study of brain tumor was conducted in collaborating hospitals in Boston, Providence, and Baltimore. Cases were 160 consecutive patients being treated for glioblastoma, grade 3 or 4 astrocytoma, or anaplastic astrocytoma. Controls were 128 healthy persons identified among the case's friends. A complex self-administered questionnaire was used to assess exposure to factors of interest. There was some evidence that glioblastoma is associated with a decreased susceptibility to allergies, a finding that may call attention to the involvement of immunologic disturbances in brain tumors. Our data are not supportive of previous reports of an association between brain tumors and exposure to pets or farm environment, family history of CNS malignancies or other neurologic conditions, or irradiation to the head. We did not find any evidence for an association with life-style characteristics such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, use of drugs of any kind, or dietary intake of cured or smoked meat or fish.
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PMID:Nonoccupational risk indicators of glioblastoma in adults. 231 91

The role of cytoreductive surgery alone as effective salvage therapy for immediate palliation and durable symptom-free remission was examined in 17 patients (six with astrocytoma, seven with anaplastic astrocytoma, and four with glioblastoma) who developed symptomatic tumor relapse after initial surgery and irradiation. Individuals with widely disseminated subependymal, bihemispheral, or brainstem involvement were excluded. After reoperation, patients with astrocytoma and anaplastic tumors have been observed for an average of 31 and 29 months, respectively. As of this writing, all 13 patients are alive without evidence of tumor progression. Three of the four patients with glioblastomas have died 5, 12, and 17 months after reoperation, respectively. The 14 surviving patients overall have a current average Karnofsky performance level of 95. The durability of surgically induced palliation alone, the safe limits of resectability, and the clinical features associated with a favorable surgical response have been examined. The results indicate that, in selected individuals, durable remissions can be achieved by adequate resection of symptomatic tumor mass.
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PMID:Surgery for glioma relapse. Factors that influence a favorable outcome. 245 23

We evaluated 15 consecutive patients with malignant astrocytomas who were reoperated for functional status and survival. Their Karnovsky Performance Status (KPS) was not changed by surgery. None suffered perioperative death, wound infection, or complications. Patients with glioblastoma maintained KPS unchanged for a mean of 13 weeks (median, 10 weeks); with anaplastic astrocytoma, mean, 37.2 weeks (median, 24 weeks). Life spans were approximately twice that of non-reoperated historical controls. Reoperation for patients with recurrent malignant astrocytoma should be seriously considered when a gross total re-resection can be the goal in a patient whose tumor is in an accessible brain region.
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PMID:Reoperation for malignant astrocytoma. 253 76

Loss of constitutional heterozygosity for specific chromosomal loci, when found consistently in a particular tumor type, suggests that a recessive oncogene important in the genesis of that tumor may be present within the involved chromosomal loci. DNA markers that detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms are powerful tools that have been used to detect loss of chromosomal loci in a growing number of human malignancies. The human brain tumor astrocytoma is usually malignant and virtually incurable. Two types of malignant astrocytomas are recognized histopathologically:anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. We carried out a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of tumors from 15 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 20 patients with glioblastoma using polymorphic DNA markers for loci on chromosome 17. Loss of constitutional heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 17 was found in both anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma patients with equal frequency (40% of cases). Our mapping data revealed a region of loss on chromosome 17p between physical loci p11.2 and pter that was common to both patient groups. Taken together with the previously reported finding of loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 10 in glioblastoma, these results indicate that tumorigenesis in the astrocyte lineage may involve recessive oncogenes on two different chromosomes.
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PMID:Loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 17p in human malignant astrocytoma. 257 17

The data on 645 patients with anaplastic neuroepithelial tumors subjected to radiotherapy, irradiation with radiosensitizers (metronidazole) and chemoradiotherapy are presented. Total-differential brain irradiation was applied: 10-40 Gy on the whole brain and 10-20 Gy on the tumor bed. Fractionation depended on tumor radiosensitivity. The median survival time for anaplastic astrocytoma was 50 +/- 5.6 mos., oligodendroglioblastoma - 42 +/- 7.4 mos., ependymoblastoma - 61 +/- 8.2 mos. and glioblastoma - 22 +/- 1.5 mos. High-dose dynamic fractionation proved to be most effective in cases of glioblastoma. The outcome of glioblastoma was modified neither by radiosensitizers nor by cytotoxic agents.
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PMID:[Radiation and combined treatment of anaplastic neuroepithelial neoplasms]. 260 90


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