Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intracranial hemorrhage associated with brain tumors is rate, but when present, it is often seen in malignant tumors such as glioblastoma and metastasis, and in meningiomas. Hemangioblastomas, benign vascular tumors, rarely develop fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. We thus documented an uncommon case of cerebellar hemangioblastoma associated with massive hemorrhage, the cause of which was thoroughly examined during autopsy. A 69-year-old man was transferred to our Service because of swallowing disturbance and dysarthria. The patient was known to have a cerebellar hemangioblastoma and hydrocephalus, for which VP shunt had been placed. Two weeks after admission he suddenly became comatose and eventually died of progressive herniation. At autopsy it was shown that the brain was edematous and covered with subarachnoid blood clots. The tumor was found involving the cerebellar vermis and the right hemisphere, protruding upward from the superior surface of the cerebellum. Horizontal sections through the cerebellum disclosed a well circumscribed tumor with adjacent hematomas involving the vermis and brain stem. The pathological diagnosis was hemangioblastoma and varix-like abnormal vessels were observed within the tumor. The sites of hematoma and tumor adjacent to the tentorial incisura and the history of VP shunting may suggest that upward herniation played a significant role in rupture of the abnormal vessels, which then led to the devastating hemorrhage in this particular case.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebellar hemangioblastoma associated with fatal intratumoral hemorrhage: report of an autopsied case]. 801 84

Due to the low incidence of intramedullary spinal cord tumors there have been few reports considering its proliferative kinetics. In this study, expression of two cell cycle related antigens (PCNA and MIB-1) were immunohistochemically examined by the percentage of positively stained cells were recorded as PCNA and MIB-1 indices. In addition, over-expression of p53 protein was also investigated in 19 cases of intrameduallary spinal cord tumors. In astrocytic tumors and ependymomas, statistically significant correlations were observed between PCNA and MIB-1 indices (R = 0.98). In hemangioblastoma cases, a similar correlation was not observed between PCNA and MIB-1 indices. The MIB-1 indices of hemangioblastoma cases were less than 1.56 while PCNA indices were more than 14.63 despite long-term survival occurred in all cases. The PCNA index in hemangioblastoma was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than all other types of tumors except for glioblastomas. Thus, interpretation of PCNA index must be made with caution in regard to the subgroup of the tumor histology. Over-expression of the p53 protein was observed only in glioblastoma cases. The MIB-1 index appears to be a useful method for predicting the outcome of all cases with intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord.
 ...
PMID:Significance of MIB-1, PCNA indices, and p53 protein over-expression in intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. 891 30

Mass lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) that may assume a clear cell appearance are diverse in nature. Primary conditions in this category include oligodendroglioma, hemangioblastoma, germinoma (seminoma), clear cell and chordoid meningioma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and lipid-rich glioblastoma. These proliferations usually can be identified by attention to clinical presentation, topographic location, radiographic details, and histological nuances. Occasionally, however, electron microscopy or immunohistological analysis may be necessary. A recommended panel of reagents for the evaluation of clear cell primary CNS lesions include antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic proteins, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, keratins, placental-like alkaline phosphatase, and synaptophysin. This article reviews the salient clinicopathologic attributes of such proliferations, elaborates a practical approach to their diagnosis, and discusses important differential diagnostic considerations. The latter include malformative lesions, infarcts, inflammatory conditions, and secondary lymphomas, carcinomas, and melanomas.
 ...
PMID:Clear cell neoplasms and pseudoneoplastic lesions of the central nervous system. 938 25

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia inducible angiogenic and vascular permeability factor. Although VEGF expression in glioblastoma is induced by hypoxia, its expression in renal cell carcinoma and hemangioblastoma is thought to be related to mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. It is not certain whether other lesions in VHL syndrome are associated with an elevated VEGF level. We report a VHL syndrome patient with multiple hemangioblastomas and bilateral epididymal clear cell papillary cystadenomas. In situ hybridization revealed high levels of VEGF mRNA in the clear cells of the epididymal tumor and the stromal cells of the hemangioblastoma. This lends support to the notion that upregulation of VEGF is caused by loss of the wild-type VHL protein. We postulate that the elevated VEGF levels may account for the cyst formation and vascularized stroma present in these VHL-associated tumors.
 ...
PMID:Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome-associated papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. 982 15

Cysts, which are not uncommonly associated with brain tumors, may be responsible for neurological dysfunction. Stereotactic aspiration of such lesions can lead to clinical improvement, but cyst recurrence is common and multiple aspirations may be necessary. Thirteen cases of brain tumors with cystic components were treated by radiosurgery with follow-up of 5-29 months (median 14 months). The tumor diagnoses were three cystic craniopharyngiomas, two brain stem cystic astrocytomas, two cystic cerebellar astrocytomas, one cerebellar hemangioblastoma, one ganglioglioma, one fourth ventricle tumor, one cerebellopontine angle pilocytic astrocytoma, one metastasis from lung cancer and one glioblastoma. The dose at the tumor margin ranged between 10 and 20.5 Gy (mean 15.5 Gy) and the maximum dose ranged between 18 and 45 Gy (mean 32.3 Gy). In 11 of these cases the cystic component recurred in spite of a decrease in the size of the solid tumor component. An Ommaya reservoir was inserted in six cases, stereotactic aspiration was performed in two cases, microsurgery was undertaken in two cases after 2-8 months (mean 4.8 months) and one patient refused further treatment. Multiple aspirations through the Ommaya reservoir were performed in the outpatients on the two patients who required them. It may be appropriate to be cautious in advising radiosurgery for intracranial tumors with a significant cystic component. Microsurgery if possible may be preferable in this situation.
 ...
PMID:Brain tumors with cysts treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery: is microsurgery indicated? 1068 89

A 67-year-old male presented with a clear cell ependymoma with symptoms of ataxic gait and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a ring enhanced and circumscribed mass lesion with some cysts in the left cerebellar hemisphere, and the vertebral artery angiogram showed the vascurality of the tumor fed by both the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the left superior cerebellar artery mainly. They demonstrated suspicious finding of metastatic tumor, glioblastoma, or cystic meningioma. Surgery via the left suboccipital approach revealed a whitish and solid tumor, which was demarcated from the cerebellar parenchyma and had no continuity with the 4th ventricle. Total resection of the tumor was successfully performed. The hematoxilyn-eosin staining of the surgical specimen was similar to hemangioblastoma or oligodendroglioma, however, immunohistochemical findings for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and factor VIII were compatible with clear cell ependymoma. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and his symptoms improved. Clear cell ependymoma is known as a variant of ependymoma, which is usually located at the foramen of Monro. We think that the immunohistochemical study is highly helpful for the diagnosis of the cerebellar tumor with atypical presentation such as our case.
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical study is helpful for the diagnosis of cerebellar clear cell ependymoma with atypical radiological findings--case report]. 1627 26

D2-40 antibody is raised against an oncofetal antigen, the M2A antigen. It has been used as a marker for lymphatic endothelium as well as mesothelioma and cerebellar hemangioblastoma. We demonstrate here that positive D2-40 immunoreactivity was found in the developing cerebrum, particularly in the germinal matrix layer, immature ependyma, choroid plexus and meninges. In the developing cerebellum, positive D2-40 immunoreactivity was found in the external granular layer particularly of the outer portion and the Purkinje cell layer as well as meninges. Some brain tumors such as anaplastic ependymoma, some medulloblastomas, glioblastoma, pineal germinoma, craniopharyngioma, choroid plexus papilloma, choroid plexus carcinoma, and meningioma showed positive immunoreactivity with D2-40. Therefore, D2-40 antibody is considered a useful marker for research on developing brain and diagnosis of brain tumors, differentiation between choroid plexus carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma. In addition, on cultured human neural cells, D2-40 immunoreactivity was found in nestin-positive neural stem/progenitor cells and neuronal lineage cells. As D2-40 antibody recognizes cell surface antigen M2A, it might be a candidate cell surface marker for isolation of human neural stem cells/neuronal lineage cells in the fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique.
 ...
PMID:D2-40 antibody immunoreactivity in developing human brain, brain tumors and cultured neural cells. 1664 67

Renal transplantation is method of choice for treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease without contraindications for immunosuppressive therapy. Neurological complications occur frequently in renal transplant recipients. They may be the consequence of immunosuppressive treatment, but more often evolve as the consequence of previous disturbances which developed during the state of uraemia and treatment with dialysis. The most pronounced neurotoxic effect has calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The spectrum of neurological disturbances caused by calcineurin inhibitors range from very mild symptoms as paraesthesiae, tremor, headache or flushing, to severe changes that may cause lethal outcome. Peripheral neuropathies in renal transplant recipients may occur in the form of mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy. Cerebrovascular diseases are consequence of changes on blood vessels caused by uraemia, dialysis and side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. They cause death in 8% of renal transplant recipients. Central nervous system (CNS) infections usually occur during the first posttransplant year. Unclear symptomatology frequently postpones the diagnosis. Diagnostic evaluation should include magnetic resonance imaging for localization of the process, as well as lumbal puncture in cases without contraindications for the procedure, in order to determine the causative agent. Regarding the ominous prognosis of CNS infections in the immunocompromised host, only timely diagnosis may improve survival. The most common causative agents are Cryptococcus neoformans, Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus funigatus. Viral infections also occur, and are commonly caused by herpes virideae, varicella-zoster virus and papova virus. CNS infections clinically present as meningitis, progressive dementia or focal neurological defect. The most common primary brain tumors are B-cell lymphomas, but glioblastoma, hemangioblastoma, leiomyosarcoma or glioma may also occur. In cases of neurological posttransplant complications, optimal treatment should be guided by neurologist, nephrologist and infectologist, in some cases also by neurosurgeons.
 ...
PMID:[Neurological complications in renal transplant recipients]. 1857 36

Radiation induced tumors are well-known but rare complications of radiotherapy. Meningiomas are the most common radiation-induced (RI) cranial tumors, followed by gliomas and sarcomas, while other tumors as haemangioblastomas remain extremely exceptional. We present 7 patients with RI brain tumors diagnosed and treated at our institution between 1990 and 2006. Retrospective review of their clinical charts is supplied. All patients were irradiated during childhood as a treatment for another disease, and fulfilled the criteria of RI neoplasia. Four patients developed meningiomas and three developed other tumors (one glioblastoma, one softtissue sarcoma and one hemangioblastoma). In all cases a complete surgical removal was achieved. Preoperative assessment based on MRI supplied the correct diagnosis in six patients. The most important risks factors described in the literature for developing RI tumors are the age at which radiotherapy was administered and the dose of radiation applied. Differential diagnosis of RI tumors includes any tumor appearing after radiotheraphy, especially recurrences of the primary disease, as RI neoplasias are a rare complication. Even in cases with complete surgical resection, prognosis of this clinical entity is basically related to the histology of the RI tumor.
 ...
PMID:[Radiation-induced cranial tumors: clinical series and literature review]. 1904 87

Clear-cell meningioma (CCM) is a rare subtype of meningioma which occurs at a younger age and has a higher recurrence rate than other subtypes (WHO grade II). CCM usually occur in younger patients and is located in the posterior fossa and spine. The authors report the first case of olfactory groove mixed clear-cell meningioma. A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the SS. Annunziata Hospital (Taranto, Italy) in January 2007 with a two-year history of subtle changes in personality and mental function. On neurologic examination she presented a loss of sense of smell. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an olfactory groove meningioma. The computed tomography (CT) and MRI features of CCM are not different from those of common meningiomas. The tumor was totally removed by frontolateral approach on January 24, 2007). Histological examination showed that the tumor was composed of sheet-like uniform and polygonal cells, with abundant clear cytoplasm, and small and bland nuclei. The cytoplasm was heavily laden with granular periodic acid Schiff-positive and diastase-sensitive material representing glycogen. There were no rich vascular networks but scattered collagen bundles within the tumour, little foci areas of necrosis and whorls of meningothelial cells. The neoplastic cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and vimentin, and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)? S-100?chromogranin A; Ki-67 labelling showed an index of 1%. The final diagnosis was mixed clear-cell meningioma. Until now only 38 intracranial CCM cases had been reported in English language literature. Different diagnoses for CCM include lesions with clear cell appearance such metastases of renal cell carcinoma and sarcoma, hemangioblastoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, germinoma, chordoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, lipid-rich glioblastoma, microcystic and lipomatous meningioma.
 ...
PMID:Clear-cell meningioma of the anterior cranial fossa. Case report and review of the literature. 2007 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>