Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors were measured and their relationship to a clinical course of the patients was investigated. Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase is said to exist more quantitatively in malignant tumors such as Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Walker 256, and hepatoma, and very little in normal tissues. In brain tumors the activities were measured by bioassay and compared to that of Sarcoma 180. When the activity of Sarcoma 180 was expressed to be 100%, those of brain tumors were as follows: ten cases of normal brain less than 8.5; six cases of glioblastoma 39.3 +/- 30.7; five cases of astrocytoma 22.0 +/- 13.8; five cases of meningioma 22.4 +/- 13.7; two cases of oligodendroglioma 8.1 and 11.3; two cases of sarcoma 94.3 and 145.4; chordoma 48.0; ependymoblastoma 3.7; plexus papilloma 22.5; parotid cancer 43.4; ten cases of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer 61.5 +/- 41.6; two cases from breast cancer 28.0 and 68.8; that from thyroid cancer 10.0; that from gastric cancer 13.5; malignant melanoma 77.2. In 12 cases of gliomas (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) the mean activity was highest in glioblastoma (39.3), followed by astrocytoma (22.0) and oligodendroglioma (9.7). The postoperative survival time became shorter in gliomas with the higher activities. In metastatic brain tumors from lung, breast, and gastric cancer, the average time from the diagnosis of primary cancer to brain metastasis was shorter in cases with high activities and longer in cases with low activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors and antitumor effect of 5'-DFUR]. 622 41

In the first part of this paper, various chemotherapies were performed against oligodendrogliomas subcutaneously transplanted in to nude mice. Vincristine (VCR), adriamycin, and 1000 rads irradiation were effective against this tumors. Concerning these two drugs, dose response effect was observed. And the effect of 1 mg/kg injection of VCR roughly corresponded to that of five weekly injections of 0.2 mg/kg. In the second part of this experiment, single or combined effects of VCR and immunotherapeutic agents including OK-432 (OK), PSK, and recombinant leucocytic interferon (IFN) were examined. Two glioma lines including oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma were used. Following results were obtained from this experiment: 1) Effect of OK and VCR against oligodendrogliomas were as follows: control less than OK local injection (Local) less than OK intraperitoneal injection (IP); VCR; OK (IP X 2) less than VCR + OK(IP) less than VCR + OK (IP X 2). Effects of OK and VCR were expressed in order of their effects against glioblastomas: control less than VCR less than OK (IP); OK(IP X 2); OK(Local) less than VCR + OK (IP); VCR + OK (IP X 2). Effects of PSK and VCR against glioblastomas were as follows: control; PSK (Local) less than VCR less than VCR + PSK (Local) less than VCR + PSK (IP). Effects of IFN and VCR against oligodendrogliomas were as follows: control; IFN (IP) less than VCR less than IFN (Local) less than VCR + IFN (IP); VCR + IFN (Local). Effects of IFN and VCR against glioblastomas were as follows: control less than IFN (IP) less than VCR; IFN (Local); VCR + IFN (IP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunochemotherapy of human gliomas transplanted into nude mice]. 623 39

30 autopsy cases of gliomas (5 fusiform glioblastomas, 5 multiform glioblastomas, 5 fibrillary astrocytomas, 5 protoplasmic astrocytomas, 5 oligodendrogliomas, 5 spongioblastomas) were studied by means of morphometry. 7 parameters (volume and area parameters of tumor vessels and of tumor cell nuclei, mitoses) were tested for the ascertainament of useful quantitative criteria for the objective differentiation of the gliomas. 210 statistical comparisons were carried out. Significant differences were observed in 32 of them. It could be demonstrated that the parameters of the tumor cell nuclei are most useful in the differentiation of the gliomas. Significant differences do not exist between fusiform glioblastoma--multiform glioblastoma, fusiform glioblastoma--oligodendroglioma, fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytoma--spongioblastoma.
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PMID:[Quantitative histological observations in gliomas (author's transl)]. 625 67

In 10,995 consecutive medicolegal autopsies, there were 19 deaths due to an unsuspected primary intracranial neoplasm. Nine (47.4%) of the tumors were in the astrocytoma-glioblastoma category. The remainder included four cases of oligodendroglioma and one case each of medulloblastoma, microglioma, meningioma, teratoma, colloid cyst and pituitary chromophobe adenoma. In six cases, death occurred following abrupt loss of consciousness, or else the patient was found dead. In five of these six cases, there were no known preceding symptoms. The remaining 13 patients exhibited the characteristic symptoms produced by intracranial neoplasms, including symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, epilepsy, and psychiatric manifestations. Only one patient presented with a focal neurologic deficit which resolved in 24 hours. A comparison of the duration and type of symptomatology exhibited by these patients with a hospital patient population in which death was caused by a previously diagnosed primary intracranial neoplasm and an autopsy was performed underscored 1) the shorter duration of acute symptomatology, 2) the nonlocalizing nature of the symptoms manifested, 3) the lack of progression or change in symptoms in those patients in whom epilepsy was the primary manifestation of their underlying disease, and 4) the lower incidence of focal neurologic deficits as the presenting symptoms in our series.
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PMID:Sudden, unexpected deaths due to primary intracranial neoplasms. 626 83

In 80 specimens of human glioma the production of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by tumour cells invading meninges or connective tissue was studied immuno-cytochemically by the PAP technique. In 38 of 55 cases of astrocytoma, glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, and oligoastrocytoma, GFAP immunoreactivity was greater in the invading cells as compared with the main part of the neoplasm. Fifty-eight percent of the astroglial tumours invading the leptomeninges, all astroglial tumours invading connective tissue and all gliosarcomas showed enhanced GFAP immuno-reactivity of tumour cells getting in contact with collagenous tissue, whereas meningeal infiltrates of 25 non-astroglial tumours (oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma) remained GFAP-negative like the main part of the respective tumours. In the majority of astroglial tumours an increase of GFAP immunoreactivity was found also in perivascular cells of the main part of the tumour. It is concluded that glioma cells are capable of adapting their cytoskeleton to their micro-environment. Contact with dense collagenous tissue appears as an important factor able to induce an increased production of GFAP by adjacent glial cells.
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PMID:Production of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by neoplastic cells: adaptation to the microenvironment. 639 Oct 69

In normal conditions, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is histochemically demonstrable only in neurons and cells of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. This has been found not to be true for neoplastic cells. Several types of CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, pineocytoma , meningioma, and choroid plexus papilloma, focally stained positively for NSE. Reactive astrocytes were also frequently positive. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and paraganglioma stained positively for NSE. A number of non-APUD tumors were focally positive. These included schwannoma, carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast, renal cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, and chordoma. Caution should be exercised in relying on the immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE as a diagnostic marker in those tumors that do not belong to the APUD cell system. It seems of little value as evidence of differentiation in CNS tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues. 654 18

In a follow up study of 38 patients with supratentrial malignant glioma verified histologically during the 3 years from 1979 to 1982, the same therapeutic method which was the postoperative synchronized radiation-immunochemotherapy was applied. And we investigated the relationships between the survival rate and the histological malignancy, the operative area, and age of admission. Total dose of 5000 to 6000 rad radiation was given after surgery. 0.02 mg/kg of VCR was administered intravenously on the first and the 29th day of radiation, and 2 mg/kg of ACNU was administered intravenously 24 hours after VCR administration. After synchronized radiotherapy, 2 mg/kg of ACNU was given every 6 weeks and 3 g of PS-K was given orally every day. Dose of PS-K was increased especially during the radiation and for 2 weeks after ACNU administration. This radioimmunochemotherapy was applied to 38 patients with malignant glioma, 25 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, 12 cases of malignant astrocytoma, one cases of malignant ependymoma, one case of malignant oligodendroglioma. A complete clinical course of all patients was observed. 18 of 38 cases are surviving. The survival rate of malignant gliomas was 71.2% for one year, 47.6% for 2 years, 34.8% for 3 years. The survival rate of glioblastoma was 56.3% for one year, 36.9% for 2 years, 12.3% for 3 years. The survival rate of the patients receiving macroscopically total removal was higher than that of the patients receiving subtotal removal. The survival rate of the younger patients (under 49 years old) was higher than that of the older patients (over 50 years old). Side effect of this therapy was myelosupression in 75.8%.
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PMID:[Evaluation of radiation immunochemotherapy in the treatment of malignant glioma. Combined use of ACNU, VCR and PS-K]. 658 94

The replication of measles virus in human neural and nonneural cell lines in terms of growth and cytopathic effect was affected by treatment of the cells with papaverine, which increases endogenous cyclic AMP. Suppression of virus growth was most prominent in neuroblastoma cells, followed by that in epidermoid carcinoma and glioblastoma cells, whereas the suppressive effect was relatively weak in oligodendroglioma cells. The papaverine-induced suppression of virus growth in neuroblastoma cells was studied in detail. The suppression that occurred was dependent on the dose of papaverine and was reversible. By treatment with 10 microM papaverine, virus-cell interactions were modified as follows: (i) early replication steps such as adsorption, penetration, and uncoating of the virus were not affected; (ii) synthesis of viral RNAs, including genomic RNA and mRNA, was inhibited; (iii) translation of viral proteins from mRNA was not blocked; and (iv) glycosylation and transport of viral glycoproteins to the cell membrane were not inhibited, but phosphorylation was blocked. The significance of suppressed virus replication in neural cells is discussed in relation to the persistence mechanisms of measles virus in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Effect of papaverine treatment on replication of measles virus in human neural and nonneural cells. 670 72

The clinical, surgical, and pathological data from 35 published cases of oligodendroglioma and of one personal case are analysed and compared with those from other tumours of the cord and from cerebral oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendroglioma of the cord has a slightly lower average age than other gliomas and is closer to that of glioblastoma. In oligodendroglioma of the cord, as of the brain, acute onset or aggravation of the symptoms and an oscillating course are frequent. Two correlated data are particularly worth noting: a) the mean CSF protein content in oligodendroglioma of the cord is higher than in any other glioma; b) intracranial hypertension, in the form of papilloedema or hydrocephalus, or both, was present in 31% of cases. This signifies cerebral oligodendrogliomatosis, which was found in 6 out of 10 necropsied cases. At operation most oligodendrogliomas of the cord appear as infiltrating "gelatinous" tumours, though a minority have a firm consistency and apparently clearcut contours, which seem to be associated with a better prognosis. Postoperative radiotherapy seems to be useful.
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PMID:Oligodendrogliomas of the spinal cord. 699 45

Eighty three patients suffering from brain tumors have been treated by anticancer pellets containing 5-FU, urokinase, mitomycin and BUdR in dimethylsiloxan (Silastic) for three years. Constant and prolonged release of the chemicals from the anticancer pellet had already been proved in vitro. The amount of daily release were 1-3/1,000 of original volume. Tissue concentration of 5-FU was measured by bioassay system using staphylococcus 209 P strain with plate dilution method. In spite of the rapid disappearance of serum 5-FU, the local high accumulation of 5-FU was demonstrated in vivo. In rat neurogenic tumor, 1.104 microgram/g was detected on 60 days after the application of anticancer pellet containing 500 mg of 5-FU. The growth of tumor was also suppressed. The clinical study consists of 83 patients, 30 of glioblastoma, 19 of metastatic brain tumor, 13 of astrocytoma, 7 of oligodendroglioma, 4 of ependymoblastoma, 4 of malignant lymphoma and 6 of others. The median survival time of gliblastoma was prolonged to 71.5 weeks by the implantation of anticancer pellet from 40 weeks of control group. However, the median survival time of astrocytoma and metastatic brain tumor were 24 and 6 months, respectively, which have no significant difference from control groups. In the patients of metastatic brain tumor, the regrowth of metastatic foci in the brain was completely suppressed. However, most of them were succumbed from the original tumors. The concentration of 5-FU in several human tissue was measured in ten patients with different time intervals after the implantation of the anticancer pellet. Although they have different histologic patterns, the concentrations of 5-FU in human brain tumors were ranged from 0.05 to 0.67 microgram/g by 14 months after the implantation of the anticancer pellet. The adjacent cystic fluids also contain from 0.62 to 4.9 microgram/ml of 5-FU for two years. These results mean that they are keeping higher level of 5-FU than the tumoricidal level of 5-FU (0.056 microgram/g) for more than two years. On the other hand, no respective accumulation was demonstrated in other tissues. None of the patients showed any adverse reactions except a continuous slight fever up to 38 degrees C.
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PMID:[Treatment of brain tumors with anticancer pellet--experimental and clinical study (author's transl)]. 709 76


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