Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Critical Evaluation of 200 tumours of meninges, brain and spinal cord showed that to be familiar with the ultrastructural features of meningioma and its variants was instrumental in differential diagnosis of other primary or secondary meningeal tumours (neurinoma, paraganglioma, xanthomatous and histiocytic tumours). A limited value of electron microscopy was found in astrocytoma and glioblastoma in contrast to its importance in low-differentiated ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. The examination had histogenetical and taxonomic values in medulloblastoma (CNS neuroblastoma and mixed tumours with a component featuring primitive neuroectodermal or neuroblastic differentiation). Ultrastructure was very important in the so-called primitive neuroectodermal CNS tumours where only the lack of conspicuous glial or neuroblastic differentiation confirmed the diagnosis. Electron microscopy was instrumental in rare primary CNS lymphomas as well as in some metastatic tumours.
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PMID:[Contribution of electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the meninges, brain and spinal cord]. 373 Dec 97

The immunohistochemical localization of the calcium-binding protein, S100 beta, in human nervous system tumors has been examined by using a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the S100 beta polypeptide. S100 beta-specific immunoreactivity is detected in astrocytoma, glioblastoma, Schwannoma, ependymoma, and craniopharyngioma, whereas no reactivity is seen in oligodendroglioma, meningioma, neuroblastoma, or medulloblastoma. These data suggest that analysis of S100 beta localization with these monoclonal antibodies may be useful for research or diagnostic purposes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of S100 beta in human nervous system tumors by using monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the S100 beta polypeptide. 373 19

DNA distribution in biopsies and cell cultures of human gliomas was examined by flow-fluorescence-cytometry using ethidium bromide staining. Glioblastomas (n = 25) showed "polyploid", "marked tetraploid", or "hypertetraploid" aneuploid karyograms, comparable to subtypes previously proposed by Japanese authors. "Diploid-hyperdiploid" DNA patterns were manifest in 3 cases plus 1 sarcoma--glioblastoma, containing abundant rapidly growing mesenchymal cells. Most tumors showed S-phase increment. "Near-diploid" patterns could be a result of aggregated cells, and small 4 C peaks could be due to non-representative specimens (3 cases). During cultivation, the DNA distribution usually remained stable, but maxima occasionally shifted. Oligodendrogliomas (n = 11) and astrocytomas (n = 9) of low-grade showed low 4 c peaks. High-grade gliomas, however, showed abnormal DNA patterns. Thus, one case of an oligodendroglioma--I developed an abnormal "marked tetraploid" glioblastoma after a 3-year interval presenting its malignant transformation. DNA distribution can obviously vary during tumor evolution. However, it may well support the assessment of grading and more closely define the prognosis in gliomas.
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PMID:Flow-cytophotometry of nuclear DNA in biopsies of 45 human gliomas and after primary culture in vitro. 375 47

Ultrastructural concentric laminations have previously been thought to be specific to oligodendroglioma. However, these structures were also recognized in fibrillary astrocytomas, a mixed glioma and a glioblastoma. These laminations continued or closely related to attenuated processes or cytoplasm of astrocytic tumor cells. In addition, some lamellae contained glial filaments. It is considered that the concentric laminations are derived from attenuated astrocytic processes and have no relationship with myelin.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of concentric laminations in primary human brain tumors. 377 77

On the basis of 346 glioma patients operated on in the years 1969-1983, the frequency of epileptic seizures and their importance for the diagnosis as well as the causes of the delay in clearing up the clinical picture were ascertained. Of the 226 patients with an astrocytoma, 51.5 per cent had one or several epileptic fits in the pre-operative period. For the 99 glioblastoma patients, the seizure rate was 33.7 per cent and for the 21 patients with an oligodendroglioma it was 69 per cent. Although in about 80 per cent of the cases epileptic fits were the first symptom of the disease, this important clinical sign led in only 30 per cent to a causal treatment. In another 20 per cent of the courses, the final clarification was initiated by an increase in the frequency of the fits or a change of the kind of the fit. In the remaining 50 per cent of the glioma patients it was only after the additional occurrence of neurological disturbance that the diagnosis could be verified and surgical treatment carried out.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of epileptic seizures in cerebral gliomas]. 383 99

Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured human glioma, fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This required harvesting the cultured cells with Versene or mild trypsin treatment and fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde prior to staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10, 38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were GFAP-positive but at passage 14 only 3.5% expressed GFAP. Two glioblastomas and an anaplastic astrocytoma had 38.8%, 6.7% and 81.3% GFAP-positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%, 79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for glioblastoma multiforme [12-18], oligodendroglioma [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The validity of these results was confirmed by staining for GFAP and fibronectin using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was found that GFAP-positive CHII and anaplastic astrocytoma cells were generally larger than GFAP-negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell size and fibronectin expression was found for glioblastoma [12-18] cells. These results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.
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PMID:Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured human glioma and fetal brain cells. 388 48

The Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) adapted to human oligodendroglioma, neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells, was intracerebrally inoculated into cynomolgus monkeys. All the three viruses caused periventricular encephalitis involving the brain stem. When the neurovirulence of these viruses were compared in terms of clinical signs and histopathological changes, the oligodendroglioma-adapted virus showed the neurovirulence of the highest degree inducing degeneration of axons and glial cells. Chronic encephalitis was also observed. The neuroblastoma-adapted virus induced predominantly nerve-cell degeneration although clinically this virus showed slightly lower degree of neurovirulence than the oligodendroglioma-adapted viruses. The glioblastoma-adapted virus showed clinically much lower neurovirulence than the other two viruses; all monkeys infected with this virus survived and produced high level of antibody in most cases. Histopathologically degeneration of axons and glial cells was characteristics although the incidence was less frequent than the oligodendroglioma-adapted virus. Predominant involvement of nerve cells by neuroblastoma-adapted virus and predominant involvement of axon and glial cells by oligodendroglioma-adapted virus and by glioblastoma-adapted virus suggest that in vitro tropism of the virus to neural cells is partially reflected on tropism of the virus in the CNS.
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PMID:Encephalitis induced in non-human primates by canine distemper virus adapted to human neural cells. 408 64

Tumours of the nervous system of animals are not as rare as has been commonly believed. In dogs, especially the brachycephalic breeds, these tumours occur as frequently as in man. The tumours are grouped according to tissue of origin as follows: nerve cells, neuroepithelium, glia, peripheral nerves and nerve sheaths, meninges and vessels, the pineal and pituitary glands, and the craniopharyngeal duct. Tumours of the glia are relatively common and are divided into the following types: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma, spongioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and unclassified gliomas.
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PMID:Tumours of the nervous system. 437 39

Growth of cell-free subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus was compared with that of measles virus in three human neural cell lines; neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma. The Edmonston strain of measles virus replicated in these neural cells as efficiently as in Vero cells. In contrast, the growth of the Mantooth strain of SSPE virus was suppressed moderately in neuroblastoma cells and markedly in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma cells in spite of the induction of apparent cytopathic effects in these cells. Virus adsorption, defective interfering particles, interferon, and temperature sensitivity were not responsible for this low yield of SSPE virus in neural cell lines. Synthesis of viral proteins of SSPE virus was slower than that of measles virus in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma cells. These results suggest that the slow rate of synthesis of viral proteins may be relevant to the low yield of SSPE virus in neural cells.
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PMID:Growth of measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis viruses in human neural cell lines. 608 91

This is a paper of new trial of treatment of malignant brain tumor by local injection of bleomycin (BLM). The new method of intraneoplastic BLM injection is as follows: in the cases ended up with subtotal or partial removal of the tumor, Ommaya's device was detained in the tumor bed, and its reservoir was fixed subcutaneous on the skull. 0.1 mg/kg to 0.2 mg/kg of BLM was injected by subcutaneous puncture into the reservoir every other day. Usual total dose of BLM was 30-80 mg. The patients were usually treated with 60Co-irradiation and immunotherapy after local injection of BLM. Twelve patients with malignant brain tumor were treated by the above mentioned new method and a follow-up study was done. One-year survival rate was 50% and three-year survival rate was 25%. Each case of primary sarcoma, medulloblastoma and malignant oligodendroglioma survived for a very long time. However, most of the patients especially those with glioblastoma died of recurrence in about one year or so inspite of temporary improvement of their clinical symptoms and clinical findings. In the autopsy cases of malignant gliomas, similar pathological findings were obtained around the tumor bed. In macroscopical view, the extensive necrotic foci and small haemorrhages were observed around the tumor bed not deeper than 2 to 3 cm from the surface of the cavity, and in the deeper part the tumor tissues were actively proliferating. Microscopically there was a severe coagulation necrosis of tumor cells with haemorrhage, collagenous tissue proliferation, fibrin deposit, increasing capillary vessels and infiltrating lymphocytes and granulocytes. Consequently, the scintillation scanning of BLM labelled 57Co was utilized to make clearance curves of the drugs in the patients with malignant brain tumor. The results were as follows: 57Co-BLM activity in the tumor tissue decreased about 70% 2-4 days after local injection of the drugs, whereas, it decreased about 70% 2-4 hours after intravenous injection of the drugs. From these results it could be presumed that locally injected BLM remained in the tumor tissues for a longer time and killed malignant tumor cells completely. However, an unfavorable fact was that locally injected BLM was retained only within the tumor tissue less than 2-3 cm apart from the cavity, showing no efficacy enough to prevent tumor proliferation in more remote area. In conclusion, the local injection of BLM seems to be very effective for the treatment of malignant brain tumors if it is used together with intravenous or intraarterial injection of other chemotherapeutic drugs.
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PMID:[A new treatment of malignant brain tumor -1: local injection of bleomycin (author's transl)]. 617 6


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