Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report their results in a retrospective study of 6 cases of gliosarcoma. In 3 cases gliosarcoma presented features similar to those of glioblastoma, both at CT scan and macroscopically; in the other 3 cases they resembled meningioma. Average survival varied considerably and was correlatable to the CT features of the lesion (14 months for glioblastoma, 7 for meningioma). It seems likely that patients who have gliosarcoma with CT features suggestive of meningioma may have prolonged survival.
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PMID:Cerebral gliosarcoma: prognostic factors. 883 7

SV40 T antigen (Tag) coding sequences were detected by PCR amplification followed by Southern blot hybridization in human brain tumors and tumor cell lines, as well as in peripheral blood cells and sperm fluids of healthy donors. SV40 early region sequences were found in 83% of choroid plexus papillomas, 73% of ependymomas, 47% of astrocytomas, 33% of glioblastoma multiforme cases, 14% of meningiomas, 50% of glioblastoma cell lines, and 33% of astrocytoma cell lines and in 23% of peripheral blood cell samples and 45% of sperm fluids from normal individuals. None of the 13 normal brain tissues were positive for SV40 DNA, nor were seven oligodendrogliomas, two spongioblastomas, one neuroblastoma, one meningioma, or four neuroblastoma cell lines. Expression of SV40 early region was found by reverse transcription PCR, and SV40-specific Tag was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in glioblastoma cell lines. DNA sequence analysis, performed in four positive samples, confirmed that the amplified PCR products belong to the SV40 early region. Sixty-one % of the neoplastic patients positive for SV40 sequences had an age excluding exposure to SV40-contaminated polio vaccines, suggesting a contagious transmission of SV40. The possible role of SV40 Tag in the etiopathogenesis of human brain tumors and the spread of SV40 by horizontal infection in the human population are discussed.
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PMID:SV40 early region and large T antigen in human brain tumors, peripheral blood cells, and sperm fluids from healthy individuals. 924 67

Iron and transferrin are required for DNA synthesis and cell division. Cellular iron uptake is mediated by transferrin receptors. In order to investigate whether iron uptake in brain tumors is associated with their histological grade, we studied 24 patients (5 astrocytoma, 11 glioblastoma, 8 meningioma) using positron emission tomography and 52Fe-citrate. Tracer uptake from blood into brain and tumor tissue was assessed 1. using multiple time graphical analysis yielding a measure for unidirectional net tracer uptake (Ki) and 2.) testing a one- and two-tissue kinetic compartment model, where K1 denotes tracer uptake from blood into tissue, k2 efflux from tissue into plasma, and k3 specific tracer binding. In the plasma, 52Fe was bound to a 80 kD protein (transferrin). Ki (in units of 10(-5)/min) was higher in glioblastomas (Ki mean +/- SD 13.6 +/- 6.1) compared with astrocytomas (4.8 +/- 3.5, Mann Whitney p = 0.015) and contralateral brain (2.2 +/- 0.9, Mann Whitney p = 0.009). Highest values were found in meningiomas (no blood-brain barrier (BBB); Ki 33.4 +/- 16.5, Mann Whitney p = 0.008 compared with glioblastomas). Among the compartment models, fitting with K1 and regional plasma volume explained the data best (one-tissue model), data fits were not significantly improved by addition of a k2 or k3 parameter. K1 and Ki values were significantly correlated (Spearman Rank, p = 0.0006). We conclude that 52Fe accumulation in tumors is governed by tracer uptake at the BBB, and does not reflect number of transferrin receptors at the level of tumor cells.
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PMID:Brain tumor iron uptake measured with positron emission tomography and 52Fe-citrate. 885 21

Increased levels of human cysteine proteases have been implicated in the progression of tumors from the premalignant to the malignant state. The physiological activities of these proteases are regulated by their interactions with specific inhibitors. To our knowledge there have been no previous reports about the cysteine protease inhibitors (CPIs) in human brain tumors. In the study reported here, we determined CPI activity during glioma progression and compared that with normal human brain tissue. We also determined CPI activities in meningioma and glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. This activity was significantly higher in normal brain tissue and low-grade glioma than in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. CPI activity was significantly higher in benign and atypical meningioma cell extracts in comparison with those from malignant meningiomas and with those from glioblastoma cell lines. After several passages, one benign meningioma cell line showed reduced levels of CPI and increased levels of cathepsin. Our results suggest that decreases in the activities of CPI may contribute to the malignant properties of brain tumors.
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PMID:Expression of cysteine protease inhibitors in human gliomas and meningiomas. 887 8

In our retrospective analysis of 305 patients with primary brain tumors, treated and followed at Rambam Medical Center between 1983-1990, 56% were males; mean age was 43; 47% were Ashkenazi Jews, 22% Sephardi Jews, 22% Arabs and 9% were Jews of unspecified origin. 3-year actuarial survival for all patients was 33.5%, Arabs 51%, Sephardi Jews 40%, Ashkenazi Jews 20%; for those younger than 20, it was 57%, and older than 20, 26%. Diagnoses were: astrocytoma grades I-II, 68%; astrocytoma grade III, 24%; glioblastoma multiforme, 5.5%; medulloblastoma 73%; ependymoma, 75%; oligodendroglioma, 85%; meningioma, 100%; pituitary adenoma, 100%. Survival probability of those with glioblastoma multiforme treated by combined surgery and radiotherapy was superior to that of those treated by surgery alone. In low-grade astrocytoma there was no difference in survival probability between those with combined therapy and those treated by surgery alone. Survival when the diagnosis was based on imaging studies alone without histological confirmation of malignancy, was similar to that of those with glioblastoma: only 3.0% at 3 years. Prognostic factors identified by univariate analysis were histology, age of patient and ethnic origin, and type of treatment.
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PMID:[Primary brain tumors]. 898 15

The neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene-encoded protein, named merlin, may function as a molecular linkage connecting cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Merlin is thought to play a crucial role as a tumor suppressor not only in hereditary NF2-related tumors, but also in sporadic tumors such as schwannomas, meningiomas and gliomas. Using a merlin-expression vector system, we raised specific antiserum against merlin. We observed the intracellular distribution of merlin in cultured glioma cells, and further investigated merlin expression in 116 human brain tumors. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that merlin was localized beneath the cell membrane and concentrated at cell-to-cell adhesion sites, where actin filaments are densely associated with plasma membrane. By immunohistochemistry, none of the schwannomas from either NF2 patients or sporadic cases showed any immunoreactivity, while normal Schwann cells of cranial nerves were immunopositive. In meningiomas, merlin expression was frequently seen in the meningothelial subtype (8/10, 80%), but no expression could be detected in either the fibrous or the transitional variant. Most normal astrocytes were negative; however, reactive astrocytes often expressed merlin. Glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas were found to be strongly positive, and focal positive staining was observed in fibrillary and pilocytic astrocytomas. Thus, the loss of merlin appears to be integral to schwannoma formation and the differential pathogenesis of meningioma subtypes. However, merlin alterations do not appear to play a critical role in either the tumorigenesis or malignant transformation of neoplastic astrocytes.
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PMID:Expression of neurofibromatosis 2 protein in human brain tumors: an immunohistochemical study. 908 53

In the last decade, the prognosis of brain tumor patients has dramatically improved due to recent advances in microsurgical techniques and the development of functioning neuroimaging, computer-assisted neuronavigation, endoscopic surgery, intravascular surgery and radiosurgery. According to a report by the Committee of Brain Tumor Registry of Japan, the ten year survival rate of patients with benign brain tumors (meningioma, neurinoma and pituitary adenoma) is more than 95%. In contrast, patients with glioma (which constitute 33% of primary brain tumor cases) still have a poor prognosis, especially in the case of malignant (anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma). This poor prognosis is related to the fact that malignant glioma cells aggressively infiltrate into normal brain tissues, making total removal of the tumor impossible. The median survival time of glioblastoma patients is less than 2 years, despite multimodality treatment with extensive surgical resection and adjuvant therapies using radiation and immunochemotherapy. In order to overcome this formidable neoplasm, the effectiveness of molecular neurosurgery using gene therapy has been investigated since 1992. In this paper, molecular genetic studies and the current state of gene therapy for malignant brain tumors are described, and the future direction of this fascinating approach is discussed.
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PMID:Molecular neurosurgery using gene therapy to treat malignant glioma. 921 35

Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging(DSC MRI) was performed on eleven patients with brain tumors before and after radiotherapy. Their confirmed diagnoses were as follows: hemangioendothelioma(n = 1), meningioma(n = 1), low grade astrocytoma(n = 1), glioblastoma(n = 2), and brain metastasis(n = 6). The purpose of this study is to determine whether this technique is clinically useful for monitoring radiotherapeutic effect on brain tumors. Region of interest(ROI) analyses were performed on both the brain tumor and the contralateral normal area to evaluate the therapeutic effect semiquantitatively. The calculated subtraction images, rCBV maps, were also produced for the visual evaluation of the change of tumor vascular beds. The results showed that DSC MRI was clinically useful because of the capability to offer additional functional information.
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PMID:[Assessment of radiotherapy effects on brain tumors by dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging]. 923 17

Water-soluble metabolites extracted from 60 surgically excised samples of various brain tumors and four nontumorous lobectomized brains were measured quantitatively using in vitro high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A detailed MR spectrum-histology correlation study in a glioblastoma was made, to reveal MR spectral changes in accordance with the density of glioma cells. Furthermore, three cases that had difficult preoperative diagnoses are discussed. MR spectra from gliomas exhibited characteristic patterns according to malignancy, presumably reflecting its metabolic effects. Concentrations of choline-containing compounds, inositol, alanine, glycine and phosphorylethanolamine (PEA) increased according to the degree of malignancy, but it was noteworthy that in glioblastoma the choline-containing compounds, inositol, alanine, glycine and phosphorylethanolamine increased according to the degree of malignancy. In particular, the glycine concentration was very high in glioblastoma. We also detected a large amount of taurine in medulloblastoma. Although the total creatine concentrations decreased according to the malignancy, the concentration of total creatine was relatively preserved in neuroectodermal tumors but was low in nonneuroectodermal tumors. N-acetyl-aspartate was unequivocally demonstrated in normal tissues, but could not be detected in nonneuroectodermal brain tumors such as metastatic brain tumor, meningioma, neurinoma and chordoma. In meningioma, although a high peak of choline-containing compounds has been reported uniquely by in vitro and in vivo 1H-MRS, we demonstrated that its concentration was not increased in meningioma; instead, there was an increased alanine content. 1H-MRS of neurinoma demonstrated high inositol peaks, and a large amount of inositol. The reason for the high inositol content in neurinoma is unknown, but the prominent peak of inositol on MR spectra should be useful for the differential diagnosis of neurinoma from meningioma. PEA concentration was increased four to five times in pituitary adenoma, malignant lymphoma, and medulloblastoma as compared with normal brain. Thus 1H-MRS might provide clinically useful information on tumor malignancy and characteristic tumor metabolism. Although excellent anatomical information of tumors can be readily obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. MRS provides metabolic information. MRS may provide additional information in cases in which the differential diagnosis of tumors by neuroimaging is difficult.
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PMID:Absolute concentrations of metabolites in human brain tumors using in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 925 Nov 9

High-resolution one-dimensional proton and phosphorus and two dimensional COSY proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy were used to investigate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of human brain tumors. Sixteen meningioma (MG) (benign tumors) and ten glioblastoma (GB) (malignant tumors) samples from brain surgery were treated for dual extraction of lipidic and aqueous phases before NMR processing. A highly significant variation of the 1H metabolite spectral pattern was observed between benign and malignant tumors. Double extraction method combined with both 1H and 31P NMR in vitro analyses provided a large set of biochemical information which may be statistically analyzed to elucidate tumor-specific biochemical pathways and to improve interpretation of in vivo spectra.
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PMID:Proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain tumor extracts with automatic data classification: a preliminary study. 929 89


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