Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty patients older than 65 years underwent craniotomy for primary or secondary brain tumors. Glioblastoma was the most common tumor, followed by metastatic carcinoma and meningioma. Three patients died within 30 days of surgery. Twenty-three patients showed development of postoperative systemic complications, of which pulmonary complications were most common. Thirty-seven (44%) of the patients showed significant improvement, but 13 (21%) became worse after surgery. Most brain tumors in elderly patients are operable. However, the surgical indications should be determined by the nature of the tumor and the condition of the individual patient. Preoperative and postoperative management must be more demanding if systemic complication are to be avoided.
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PMID:Brain tumors in the elderly. 724 29

Just as the average value of the attenuation coefficient can be represented by the brightness of the pixel, the energy structure of the attenuation coefficient determines its hue. This can be measured by filtering the x-ray beam with W, Pb, and Sn at 100, 120, adn 140 kVp, respectively. The color differences seen in (a) CT images of phantom materials such as iodine and calcium, (b) brain specimens containing hemorrhage, meningioma, glioblastoma, or metastases, and (c) preliminary in vivo head and body scans represent variations in chemical composition across the tissue section. Measurements show that energy-selective filtration increases the separation between effective energies while reducing the dose for the same number of transmitted x rays.
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PMID:Increased tissue differentiation using color display of multiple-energy CT scans. 735 28

Cytotoxic antibodies against glioblastoma-associated antigen(s) have been sought for in glioma patient sera. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) I and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays were used to test sera from 80 patients using 51 Cr labelled target cells derived from eight different glioblastoma lines. As more positive sera were detected with ADCC than with CDC, ADCC assay was used for the remainder of the study. Cytotoxic antibodies were detected in the sera from 8 of 80 glioma patients (10%) by CDC and in 20 of 143 (14%) by ADCC. Fourteen percent of 27 meningioma patients and 16% of 25 normal donors used as controls were found to react in ADCC against the same glioblastoma cell lines. The positive serum samples showed extensive cross-reactions with the different glioblastoma cells, but the pattern of reactivity was different for each serum tested. The antibodies detected did not seem to be directed against tumor-associated antigen(s), since the positive sera were found to have a similar ADCC reactivity against unrelated tumor cells and normal fibroblasts. Moreover, their antiglioma reactivity was absorbed by cells of unrelated tumors and by normal platelets. These results do not support previous reports of specific humoral responses in glioma patients against common tumor-associated antigen(s).
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PMID:Evaluation of the humoral response of glioma patients to a possible common tumor-associated antigen(s). 739 Jun 50

A series of 16 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with brain tumors are described. The literature is reviewed and the incidence of these cases is reported to be low, but we had clinically encountered these cases more commonly than reported, since CT was introduced to the neurosurgical field as a diagnostic aid. The presenting symptoms were those of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage or brain tumor. The intracerebral hemorrhage associated with brain tumor may mask the cause of bleeding and confuse the diagnosis. The majority of the tumor causing the intracerebral hemorrhage are highly malignant as glioblastoma or metastatic brain tumor, but there are some benign tumors such as pituitary adenoma, hemangioblastoma, benign astrocytoma and meningioma, which would have good survival rates if discovered early. The mechanisms of massive hemorrhage with brain tumor are not clear. From pathological findings of our cases and other reports, the mechanism seems to be due to the vascular endothelial proliferation with subsequent obliteration of the lung of the vessel. Thin walled, poorly formed vessels in tumor may also become distorted with growth of the tumor and these may easily rupture and bleed. Necrosis with subsequent loss of vessel support may be a factor in production of hemorrhage. Radiation therapy may be a predisposing factor. Children are rarely involved in these cases. The prognosis in the majority of cases would seen to be poor, since the majority of the tumor are highly malignant and most such patients are seen by the neurosurgeon some time after the hemorrhage has accomplished its fatal mischief.
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PMID:[Intracerebral hemorrhage in brain tumors (author's transl)]. 744 24

We measured kinetic rate constants and glucose metabolic rate (kinetic-rCMRGl) using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET), as well as regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), blood volume (rCBV), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), oxygen metabolic rate (rCMRO2) and autoradiographic rCMRGl (arg-rCMRGl), in patients with meningioma. Ten patients including one recurrent case, two males and eight females aged from 44 to 71 years with a mean age of 54 years old, were studied prior to surgical interventions. Histological diagnosis was as follows: seven cases of meningothelial type, two cases of angiomatous type and one fibrous type. For quantitative analysis, regions of interest (ROI) on PET images were delineated on the tumor and the contralateral gray matter in comparison with eight cases with malignant gliomas (five cases of malignant astrocytoma and three cases of glioblastoma, aged from 14 to 70 years with a mean age of 41 years old). Hemocirculation of the tumor was exceedingly higher than that of the contralateral gray matter, which corresponded to neuroradiological findings of abundant tumor vessels. Low rOEF implicated an excessive blood flow beyond oxygen demand of the tumor. The raised metabolic rate (rCMRO2/rCMRGl) suggested rather aerobic glycolysis as compared with malignant gliomas. The kinetic rate constants of tracer transport from blood to brain (k1), reverse transport from brain to blood (k2), and phosphorylation (k3) were analyzed according to the three compartment model of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Tumor k1 and k2 values markedly increased in all examined cases, suggesting high permeability due to lack of blood-brain barrier and an abundant blood supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Kinetic analysis of glucose metabolism in meningiomas--comparison with malignant gliomas]. 760 82

The expression of the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was analyzed in 29 human brain tumors (4 astrocytomas, 7 glioblastomas, 3 medulloblastomas, 3 oligodendrogliomas, 7 meningiomas, and others) using monoclonal antibody after digestion with alkaline phosphatase, and compared with proliferative activities measured by in vivo uptake of bromodeoxyuridine. Medulloblastomas contained the highest amounts of PDGF B-chain, some four to eight times more than that in control brain tissue. The most predominant PDGF molecule of the medulloblastoma was 17 kd. Astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, and meningiomas contained predominantly 30 and/or 22-24 kd molecules. Glioblastoma and meningioma proliferative activities correlated closely to PDGF concentrations, with only a few exceptions. Tumors that contained a high level of PDGF B-chain showed high proliferative activity, while tumors with high proliferative activity did not always contain a high level of PDGF B-chain. Tumors that contain many PDGF B-chains may thus indicate malignancy.
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PMID:Expression of the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor and proliferative activity of human brain tumors. 768 50

We report the case of a patient with two distinct brain tumors. A meningioma was resected surgically. Nine months later a glioblastoma appeared in the same region, but at a different site. This was not treated, because the patient died. The clinical significance and etiology of these tumors are considered.
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PMID:Two distinct intracranial tumors of different cell types in a single patient. Case report and review of the literature. 775 20

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are negative regulators of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which degrade major components of the extracellular matrix. The aberrant expression of TIMPs is believed to represent an important modulating factor in the invasive capacity of human tumors. In the present study we analyzed the expression of TIMPs in human brain tumor tissue samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by Northern blotting analysis. Quantitation of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by ELISA demonstrated low levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 proteins in glioblastomas, and moderate levels in anaplastic astrocytomas compared with normal brain tissues low-grade gliomas and metastatic tumors (renal and breast carcinomas and melanomas). Northern blot analysis of TIMP-1 transcripts demonstrated higher expression in meningioma, normal brain tissues and other metastatic tumors than in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Two distinct transcripts of 1.0 and 3.5 kb were observed for TIMP-2 mRNA in normal brain tissue and in tumor extracts. In addition, TIMP-2 mRNA expression was lower in glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma than in meningioma, normal brain tissues and metastatic tumors. These findings suggest that down-regulation of both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 contributes significantly to the invasive potential of human glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytomas.
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PMID:Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: negative regulators of human glioblastoma invasion in vivo. 782 Sep 57

Localization of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) in the surgical specimens of 11 human glioblastomas and 12 meningiomas was immunohistochemically examined with a polyclonal anti-PD-ECGF rabbit IgG. PD-ECGF was mainly localized in macrophages distributing around blood vessels at the peripheries of tumor tissue, especially of glioblastoma. PD-ECGF-positive macrophages were frequently accumulated in the vascular-rich stroma of glioblastoma, where occasionally expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive endothelial cells. However, few macrophages expressing PD-ECGF were scatteringly seen in meningioma. These findings suggest that PD-ECGF plays an important role in the growth of glioblastoma by affecting the stromal angiogenesis.
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PMID:[Localization of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in human glioblastoma and meningioma]. 789 24

Phospholipid extracts from 48 intracranial tumors were analyzed using 31P NMR. Phospholipids commonly identified in the tumor spectra included phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), uncharacterized phospholipid (U), ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPLAS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), a choline phospholipid (CPLIP), and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Differences in the mean relative mole-percentage of phosphorus concentrations of individual phospholipids were used to differentiate among tumors. Neural sheath tumors (neurilemmoma, neurofibroma and fibrosarcoma) were noted to contain significantly elevated levels of SM relative to tumors of neural glial origin and individually, glioblastoma multiforme was noted to contain depressed levels of SM relative to neurilemmoma, neurofibroma and meningioma. Significantly decreased levels of PA were noted for glioblastoma relative to neurilemmoma along with significantly decreased levels of PE relative to meningioma. Elevated levels of LPC and CPLIP were seen in glioblastoma multiforme relative to meningioma. Additional findings included elevated levels of PC for glioblastoma multiforme relative to neurofibroma, and neurilemmoma was differentiated from neurofibroma with elevated levels of PA and depressed levels of PI. 31P NMR phospholipid analysis provides supplemental biochemical information which may be used to improve the interpretation of spectra acquired in vivo, and reveals important tumor-specific biochemical information which may further improve the understanding of the biological behavior of intracranial tumors.
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PMID:31P NMR phospholipid characterization of intracranial tumors. 795 20


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