Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of the EEG has not been diminished by the advent of new diagnostic procedures and the improvement of older techniques. For electro-encephalography is in essence a 'clinical' method, reflecting in its own particular way, the variable status of the brain. Moreover, in conjunction with these methods the EEG can provide for better information concerning the brain's condition. Furthermore in particular serio-angiography and C.B.F. measurements can furnish us more detailed insight in the EEG phenomena which may occur in differed types of cerebro-vascular disease. Generally the changes of the local EEG phenomena, which may occur in cerebral ischaemia correlate well with the angiographic and r.C.B.F. data. In cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral tumour however the r.C.B.F. values are commonly more diffusely reduced as could be expected from the extent of the EEG disturbances. Increased r.C.B.F. values may be encountered over meningioma due to increased perfusion of the Xenon133 in this electrically inactive tumour; they can also occur in malign glioblastoma, where direct arterio-venous connections are responsable for the so called shunt peaks. These peaks may also be found in patients with arterio-venous malformations or with acute ischaemia, in the latter case due to marked reduction of the local pH. Remarkable was the discrepancy between the local increase of the C.B.F. and the local deterioration in the EEG following intracarotid injection of HC1 papaverine; the same applied to the reaction of EEG and C.B.F. in case of acute induced hypertension with loss of autoregulation.
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PMID:[25 years of electroencephalography in cerebrovascular disease]. 461 49

Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors were measured and their relationship to a clinical course of the patients was investigated. Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase is said to exist more quantitatively in malignant tumors such as Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Walker 256, and hepatoma, and very little in normal tissues. In brain tumors the activities were measured by bioassay and compared to that of Sarcoma 180. When the activity of Sarcoma 180 was expressed to be 100%, those of brain tumors were as follows: ten cases of normal brain less than 8.5; six cases of glioblastoma 39.3 +/- 30.7; five cases of astrocytoma 22.0 +/- 13.8; five cases of meningioma 22.4 +/- 13.7; two cases of oligodendroglioma 8.1 and 11.3; two cases of sarcoma 94.3 and 145.4; chordoma 48.0; ependymoblastoma 3.7; plexus papilloma 22.5; parotid cancer 43.4; ten cases of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer 61.5 +/- 41.6; two cases from breast cancer 28.0 and 68.8; that from thyroid cancer 10.0; that from gastric cancer 13.5; malignant melanoma 77.2. In 12 cases of gliomas (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) the mean activity was highest in glioblastoma (39.3), followed by astrocytoma (22.0) and oligodendroglioma (9.7). The postoperative survival time became shorter in gliomas with the higher activities. In metastatic brain tumors from lung, breast, and gastric cancer, the average time from the diagnosis of primary cancer to brain metastasis was shorter in cases with high activities and longer in cases with low activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors and antitumor effect of 5'-DFUR]. 622 41

In 10,995 consecutive medicolegal autopsies, there were 19 deaths due to an unsuspected primary intracranial neoplasm. Nine (47.4%) of the tumors were in the astrocytoma-glioblastoma category. The remainder included four cases of oligodendroglioma and one case each of medulloblastoma, microglioma, meningioma, teratoma, colloid cyst and pituitary chromophobe adenoma. In six cases, death occurred following abrupt loss of consciousness, or else the patient was found dead. In five of these six cases, there were no known preceding symptoms. The remaining 13 patients exhibited the characteristic symptoms produced by intracranial neoplasms, including symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, epilepsy, and psychiatric manifestations. Only one patient presented with a focal neurologic deficit which resolved in 24 hours. A comparison of the duration and type of symptomatology exhibited by these patients with a hospital patient population in which death was caused by a previously diagnosed primary intracranial neoplasm and an autopsy was performed underscored 1) the shorter duration of acute symptomatology, 2) the nonlocalizing nature of the symptoms manifested, 3) the lack of progression or change in symptoms in those patients in whom epilepsy was the primary manifestation of their underlying disease, and 4) the lower incidence of focal neurologic deficits as the presenting symptoms in our series.
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PMID:Sudden, unexpected deaths due to primary intracranial neoplasms. 626 83

The effects of mitogenic lectins Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and Concanavalin A (Con A) on the growth rate of cells derived from glial tumors (astrocytoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and C6 rat glioma), neural crest tumors (neuroblastoma and schwannoma), and meningiomas were studied. The cell lines were of human and animal origin. The specificity of lectin binding to mitogenic receptors was evaluated using complementary monosaccharides. In all glial- and some neural-crest tumor-derived cell lines, there was a lectin concentration-dependent and cell density-dependent, biphasic growth rate response with stimulation at low and inhibition at high lectin concentrations. This response did not depend on the type of glial tumor, species of origin, or passage level in vitro. Although, in meningioma-derived cell lines, lectins did not induce a growth rate response, they caused morphological changes ("whorling"). Lectin stimulation in glial tumor-derived cell lines resembles that occurring in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lectin-induced mitogenesis may lay the groundwork for the establishment of a model of glial cell proliferation, and that permits the evaluation of cell surface effects, intracellular mechanisms, and epigenetic factors in studies of tumors, neural development, and neuroimmunology.
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PMID:Mitogenic lectin receptors of nervous system tumors. Study of gliomas, neural crest tumors, and meningiomas in vitro using phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. 628 95

Nineteen patients with brain tumors were orally administered 300 mg of UFT (a combination of FT and uracil with a molar ratio being 1:4) before operation and the concentrations of FT, 5-FU and Uracil in tumors and serum were measured by chemical assay. Time course of FT in serum rapidly attenuated, but 5-FU was kept almost constant below 0.014 micrograms/ml. T/B ratio (5-FU in tumor/5-FU in blood) in 11 samples of meningioma was 6.86 +/- 3.67, while in 8 samples obtained from glioblastoma was significantly higher (23.79 +/- 11.43, p less than 0.001). In malignant brain tumors there was a correlation between the concentration of 5-FU and Uracil in tumor (gamma = 0.67). This correlation was more enhanced when the value of Uracil in tumor was over 15 micrograms/g (gamma = 0.81). The concentration of 5-FU in cyst was low, but tended to accumulated later. This result may be based on the diffusion of 5-FU from the surrounding solid part of tumor into the cyst. Our present study demonstrated that enhancing effect of 5-FU in brain tumors, particularly solid malignant glioma, was yielded after oral administration of UFT.
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PMID:[5-FU concentration in brain tumors after co-administration of FT and uracil]. 630 60

In 1,491 autopsy cases with CNS tumors observed at the Pathological Institute of the Medical Academy of Erfurt in the period from 1953 to 1976 (54,946 autopsies) 72 cases (4.8%) with neurinomas were found. They comprise 67 solitary neurinomas, 1 bilateral acoustic neurinoma without other signs of neurofibromatosis, and 4 cases of neurofibromatosis with neurinomas of the CNS. Among the 68 cases with CNS neurinomas (neurofibromatoses excluded) 87% were acoustic neurinomas, 12% spinal tumors, and 1 case was located in the trigeminal nerve. In 60 (88%) of these 68 cases, the neurinoma was operated upon or clinically diagnosed, resp. The diameter of 18 (26%) neurinomas of the autopsy material was larger than 5 cm. Patients in the 6th decennium predominated in this series. The sex distribution revealed a preponderance of females over males (3:1). In 3 cases further CNS tumors (ependymoma, glioblastoma, meningioma) were found. Additionally, 3 cases had carcinomas of different localization (Table 5). Following tumors were seen in 9 cases of Morbus Recklinghausen with CNS involvement: 4 cases with multiple neurinomas, 3 meningiomas, 1 astrocytoma, 2 glioses and 1 angiomatous malformation (Table 6). Among 1,670 CNS tumors in biopsy material, 144 (8.6%) were neurinomas. 60% of them were located in the nervus acusticus, 40% spinally, mainly in the thoracic region. The 6th decennium was most affected, and females were more frequent than males (2:1) in our material. Nearly all CNS neurinomas were benign. Only 1 spinal tumors was classified as a malignant neurinoma. 2 of the 9 cases with Morbus Recklinghausen had malignant neurogenic tumors (neurofibrosarcomas).
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PMID:[Tumors of the central nervous system in biopsy and autopsy material. 7th communication: neurinomas and neurofibromatoses with CNS involvement]. 641 Jun 15

In recent years, considerable interest has been directed towards the role of neurotransmitters in various types of brain dysfunctions. There are increasing experimental and clinical evidences that disturbances in the metabolism of central monoamine play an important role in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. Brain tumors are thought to affect and change the neurotransmitter function of the surrounding cerebral tissues. In this study, we tried to analyze and accumulate data about tissue concentrations of biogenic amines in brain tumors and their distribution. Samples from thirty-four intracranial tumors removed at operations were studied. The concentrations in tumor tissues were measured by high performance liquid chromatography systems which were equipped with electrochemical detection (LCEC) and were particularly well suited for the separation and the measurement of the concentration of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and their metabolites; homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) in brain tissues. NE levels were under 3ng/g in twenty-five of thirty cases. DA levels were not detected in more than half of the cases. 5-HT levels varied from 0 ng/g to 166.4 ng/g. HVA levels were detected in one glioblastoma, one metastatic tumor, one meningioma and one hemangioblastoma. 5HIAA levels were not detected in most cases except for two meningiomas and one malignant lymphoma. Distribution of tissue concentrations of biogenic amines and their metabolites in four demarcated brain tumors was studied. Samples for determination of tissue concentrations were taken from tumor tissue at central, middle, and peripheral or adjacent portion from the edge of tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Tissue concentrations of biogenic amines in brain tumors and their distribution]. 648 88

In normal conditions, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is histochemically demonstrable only in neurons and cells of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. This has been found not to be true for neoplastic cells. Several types of CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, pineocytoma , meningioma, and choroid plexus papilloma, focally stained positively for NSE. Reactive astrocytes were also frequently positive. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and paraganglioma stained positively for NSE. A number of non-APUD tumors were focally positive. These included schwannoma, carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast, renal cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, and chordoma. Caution should be exercised in relying on the immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE as a diagnostic marker in those tumors that do not belong to the APUD cell system. It seems of little value as evidence of differentiation in CNS tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues. 654 18

A blocking microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect soluble astrocytoma-associated antigen. The richest source of soluble antigen was found in spent culture media from an established glioblastoma (GF) tissue culture line. Also assayed were fractions of sonicated membrane antigen from another (GM) glioblastoma and pellets of GF and GM cultured glioblastoma tissue. Blocking by media conditioned by cultured normal human brain, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, meningioma, or 2-year-old astrocytoma cell lines was 41-82% lower. A monomer was isolated that blocked cytotoxicity and migrated in molecular exclusion chromatography with alpha-macroglobulins rather than the beta-2-microglobulins usually associated with histocompatibility antigens.
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PMID:Microcytotoxicity blocking assay for the detection and isolation of soluble astrocytoma association antigen. 654 96

A surgical carbon dioxide laser unit (laser) has been used since 1977 in twenty-five cases of various brain tumours, including ten meningiomas (four sphenoid ridge, two parasagittal, two falx, one olfactory, one posterior fossa), eleven gliomas (seven glioblastoma, four astrocytoma), two metastatic brain tumours, one haemangioblastoma, and one arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The criteria for laser use, as based on evaluation and location of meningioma, were: grade 1, convenient but adjuvant; grade 2, also necessary; grade 3, indispensable. The laser is obligatory in sphenoid ridge meningioma in order to peel the tumour away from the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, cavernous sinus ect. The grade of necessity for laser use is therefore either 2 or 3. In convexity or parasagittal meningioma, on the other hand, the necessity grade is either 1 or 2. In the glioma group hemorrhage in seven cases of glioblastoma was easily laser-controled, and the tumours were wasted away in a short time through vaporization, with minimum mechanical effect on adjacent tissue. The laser is therrefore very useful in cases of glioma, especially glioblastoma, considering the shortened operating time, decreased blood loss, and extended area of tumour resection. Laser surgery is proposed as being most appropriate, mainly for its vaporizing and coagulating functions, in cases of brain tumour involving the elderly and poor risk cases.
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PMID:Evaluation of brain tumour laser surgery. 677


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