Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The monoclonal antibody Ki-M1P recognizes a formalin/paraffin-resistant differentiation epitope of monocytes and their macrophage derivatives [Radzun et al., Lab Invest 65:306, 1991]. To evaluate its usefulness for neuropathology, we examined a variety of routinely processed tissues using immunohistochemistry. In normal brains, positivity was restricted to ramified microglial cells. Intense labeling of macrophages, ramified and ameboid microglial cells, and rod cells was seen in brains with various degenerative and inflammatory disorders. Astrocytes were negative as determined by double-immunofluorescence labeling using Ki-M1P and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Histiocytic lesions (histiocytosis X, xanthogranulomas, granulomatous inflammation) were immunopositive. Among 107 tumors, reactivity of Ki-M1P was observed with some schwannoma and meningioma tumor cells. In addition to macrophages, most gliomas contained small, elongated Ki-M1P-positive cells, which were negative for GFAP. Positivity was also found in two glioblastoma cell lines. Immunoblotting performed on spleen, meningioma and glioblastoma specimens revealed one to three bands in the range of 110 to 130 kDa. We conclude that Ki-M1P can serve as a reliable marker for brain macrophages and microglial cells in routinely processed normal and non-neoplastic tissues, whereas due to the unexpected immunoreactivities results obtained with neoplastic tissues should be carefully interpreted.
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PMID:Ki-M1P as a marker for microglia and brain macrophages in routinely processed human tissues. 146 66

Reduced glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) plays an important role in the protection of cells against damage from free radicals and other electrophils and also influences cellular radiosensitivity, cellular response to hyperthermia, and cytotoxicity to some kinds of chemotherapeutic agents. The concentrations of GSH in 40 primary and metastatic brain tumors were quantitatively analyzed, and GSH was localized in these tumors by a novel o-phthalaldehyde histofluorescence method. The level of GSH was 195.2 +/- 57.1 micrograms/gm (mean +/- standard deviation) in glioblastomas multiforme, 444.1 +/- 105.1 micrograms/gm in normal brain tissues, and 614.4 +/- 237.4 micrograms/gm in meningiomas. The differences in GSH levels between glioblastomas and normal brain tissues and between glioblastomas and meningiomas were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The mean GSH level in astrocytoma grades II and III was 321.9 +/- 11.8 micrograms/gm. The difference in the GSH level between glioblastomas and astrocytomas was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Radiosensitive tumors, such as multiple myeloma, germinoma, and small-cell carcinoma, showed low GSH levels. These data suggest the possibility that the GSH may be a predictor for the efficacy of radiation therapy. The cytochemical study showed GSH localized in the cytoplasm; although it stained well in meningioma tissue, GSH was not well stained in sections of multiple myeloma. The endothelial proliferation did not stain well in glioblastoma, which seems to imply that this area is vulnerable to attack by free radicals from irradiation and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of glutathione in human brain tumors. 169 Jul 92

The immunohistochemical distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein (S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, respectively) in 138 cases of human brain tumors was investigated by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Brain tumors can be divided into four groups: group 1 [S-100 alpha (+) and/or S-100 beta (+)]; astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, subependymoma, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, gangliocytoma, meningioma, chordoma, malignant melanoma. Group 2 [S-100 alpha (+) and S-100 beta (-)]; pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Group 3 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (+)]; acoustic Schwannoma. Group 4 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (-)]; medulloblastoma malignant lymphoma, germinoma. The S-100 beta immunoreactivity pattern in brain tumors was similar to those obtained using conventional anti-S-100 protein sera. In the first group of brain tumors both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were generally greater for S-100 beta than for S-100 alpha with a few exceptions including one gemistocytic astrocytoma, one subependymoma, one malignant melanoma, and some cases of glioblastomas. As to the relationship between malignancy and S-100 protein in glioma, S-100 beta immunoreactivity decreased according to degree of malignancy, while that of S-100 alpha varied, suggesting a heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas. Immunostaining for S-100 alpha and S-100 beta might become a useful diagnostic procedure in brain tumors and may give us more detailed and precise data of S-100 protein in brain tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in brain tumors. 188 40

Photodynamic therapy is a promising treatment for human brain tumors because of the selective retention of certain compounds by tumor cells. Certain lipophilic cationic compounds, such as tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP), are selectively taken up by a variety of carcinomas. Although preferential retention of TPP has been demonstrated for the breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, this compound had not been tested previously on cells derived from nervous system tumors. In the present study, tritiated-TPP (3H-TPP) uptake and retention for eight different cell cultures of three histologically different types of nervous system tumors was measured and the data were compared to a positive control (MCF-7) and negative controls (normal African Green monkey kidney epithelium (CV-1) and the normal human fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines). Uptake and retention characteristics could be grouped by specific pathological tumor types, but individual tumor variability was notable. Malignant astrocytoma (grade III/III glioblastoma) and malignant neurofibrosarcoma cells showed preferential uptake and retention of 3H-TPP relative to meningioma cells and normal controls. A clonogenic assay utilizing the cytotoxic lipophilic cationic compound dequalinium showed strong retainers of 3H-TPP to be more susceptible to the effects of dequalinium than weak retainers. These data demonstrate that certain human and experimental animal nervous system tumor cell lines retain lipophilic compounds possessing a delocalized positive charge. Lipophilic cationic compounds may be useful in the intraoperative delineation of tumor margins and in the photodynamic therapy of certain nervous system tumors.
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PMID:Enhanced in vitro uptake and retention of 3H-tetraphenylphosphonium by nervous system tumor cells. 198 90

Phosphorus magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy allows noninvasive measurement of phosphate-containing compounds and pH within brain cells. The authors obtained localized phosphorus MR spectra from 10 normal brains, four low-grade astrocytomas, six glioblastomas, four meningiomas, and three pituitary adenomas and found differences in the spectra of each tumor type. Compared to normal brain, the spectra from low-grade astrocytomas showed a significant reduction of the phosphodiester (PDE) peak. Glioblastomas were characterized by a significant reduction of the PDE peak, elevation of the phosphomonoester (PME) peak, and a relatively alkaline intracellular pH. The spectra from meningiomas and pituitary adenomas were markedly different from the glial tumors. Meningiomas showed significant reductions in phosphocreatine, PDE, and inorganic phosphate, as well as a relatively alkaline pH. Pituitary adenomas resembled meningiomas, but had a much higher PME peak. Although the number of tumors studied was small, there appears to be a characteristic spectrum associated with these different tumor types. The present findings can be useful in the preoperative identification of these tumors and in furthering understanding of their growth and metabolism in vivo.
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PMID:Characterization of astrocytomas, meningiomas, and pituitary adenomas by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 199 10

A cerebellar glioblastoma was discovered in a 28 year old woman, 5 years after a focal 50 grays brain irradiation for meningioma of the clivus. This case fulfilled the accepted criteria for radiation-induced neoplasms of the central nervous system, namely a second histologically-proven tumor different from the first lesion, a location within the irradiated area and a long latent period.
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PMID:[Glioblastoma after radiotherapy of meningioma]. 202 49

An unusual case of benign convexity meningioma and glioblastoma in collision is presented. The preoperative diagnosis of this association is difficult to make based on symptomatology or computed tomography scans alone. This case supports the possibility of a malignant transformation within the gliosis surrounding a convexity meningioma.
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PMID:Convexity meningioma and glioblastoma in collision. 215 68

Digital Tumor Fluoroscopy is an expanded x-ray video chain optimized to iodine contrast with an extended Gy scale up to 64000 Gy values. Series of pictures are taken before and after injection of contrast medium. With the most recent unit, up to ten images can be taken and stored. The microprogrammable processor allows the subtraction of images recorded at any moment of the examination. Dynamic views of the distribution of contrast medium in the intravasal and extravasal spaces of brain and tumor tissue are gained by the subtraction of stored images. Tumors can be differentiated by studying the storage and drainage behavior of the contrast medium during the period of examination. Meningiomas store contrast medium very intensively during the whole time of investigation, whereas astrocytomas grade 2-3 pick it up less strongly at the beginning and release it within 2 min. Glioblastomas show a massive but delayed accumulation of contrast medium and a decreased flow-off-rate. In comparison with radiography and MR-imaging the most important advantage of Digital Tumor Fluoroscopy is that direct information on tumor localization is gained in relation to the skull-cap. This enables the radiotherapist to mark the treatment field directly on the skull. Therefore it is no longer necessary to calculate the tumor volume from several CT scans for localization. In radiotherapy Digital Tumor Fluoroscopy a unit combined with a simulator can replace CT planning. This would help overcome the disadvantages arising from the lack of a collimating system, and the inaccuracies which result from completely different geometric relationships between a CT unit and a therapy machine.
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PMID:Digital tumor fluoroscopy (DTF)--a new direct imaging system in the therapy planning for brain tumors. 229 24

Quantitative determination of human glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) obtained from 66 patients with a variety of neurological diseases was performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody (G-22). In this system, the minimum detectable amount of the antigen in the CSF was 8 ng/ml. It was demonstrated that CSF diagnosis of glioblastoma might be possible in the case of small tumors with a diameter of less than 2 cm. CSFs obtained from all 18 patients with glioma were positive and the level varied from 11.2 to 186.1 ng/ml. The antigen level in the cystic fluid of the tumor was higher than that in CSF. There was a tendency for the antigen level in CSF to be correlated with the tumor size and the type of histology. The malignant types of glioblastoma or medulloblastoma showed higher levels than the benign type of ependymoma and astrocytoma. Most types of non-gliomatous brain tumor were negative except immature teratoma, meningioma with central neurofibromatosis, and metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer. We also noted that tumor progression or regression of malignant glioma could be predicted by the monitoring of the antigen in the CSF.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and its usefulness for the diagnosis and monitoring of human glioma. 191 50

Calcineurin is one of the calmodulin binding proteins and a Ca2+-dependent and calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. We used antisera to the calcineurin as a cell-type-specific marker in order to identify neuronal cells in the rat brain and human neoplasms. In normal rat brain slices, basal ganglia were stained macroscopically, and other areas such as cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, cerebellar cortex, granular layer and pyramidal tract of the spinal cord were lightly identified as well. Under the light microscope, it was found that only the neuronal cells were stained, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and vessels were not. Intracellular distribution of the staining showed various patterns and staining intensity of varying degree. Using the PAP method, localization of the calcineurin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were studied in 65 human intracranial neoplasms, and in 11 human extracranial neoplasms. The neuronal elements of neuroblastoma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroma and retinoblastoma were clearly stained. In contrast, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, neurinoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, lymphoma and mesenchymal tumor were all negative. Two cases out of 5 medulloblastomas were stained, but others were not. Although positive tumors disclosed various staining patterns and intensities, these results indicated that calcineurin could be a new neuronal marker in human brain tumors.
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PMID:Calcineurin as a neuronal marker of human brain tumors. 242 51


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