Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of inflammatory reactions in brain tumors is still unclear. In particular, there is little information about the participation of the microglia/macrophage cell system. We therefore investigated 72 surgical biopsy samples of brain tumors (astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, cerebral lymphoma, gangliocytoma, neurocytoma and germinoma) and the brains of eight cases with malignant gliomas that came to autopsy, using immunohistochemical markers for the monocyte/macrophage lineage (Ki-M1P, HLA-DR, KP1, My4, My7, Ki-M1, Ki-M6, EBM 11). These markers allowed us to characterize four subtypes of the microglia/macrophage cell system: ramified microglia, ameboid microglia, perivascular microglia and brain macrophages. Among the different tumors, glioblastomas and anaplastic gliomas showed the largest number of mixed cell populations, which consisted of macro-phages and ramified and ameboid microglia. In glial tumors of low malignancy fewer, predominantly ameboid, microglia were found. Neuronal tumors showed only a mild increase of microglia. Cerebral lymphomas contained macrophages diffusely distributed within the tumor center, while activated microglia were prominent at the border zone and in the adjacent brain tissue. The autopsy cases were used to study the morphometric distribution of microglia/macrophages. There was a significant increase of microglia/macrophages within the tumor, but no differences were seen between central and peripheral tumor areas. The non-neoplastic gray and white matter contained more microglial cells than controls. We conclude that the distribution pattern of ameboid and ramified microglial cells and macrophages is distinct in most of the investigated tumor types, underlining the complex immunological function of the microglia/macrophage cell system.
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PMID:Distribution and characterization of microglia/macrophages in human brain tumors. 887 Aug 31

Water-soluble metabolites extracted from 60 surgically excised samples of various brain tumors and four nontumorous lobectomized brains were measured quantitatively using in vitro high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A detailed MR spectrum-histology correlation study in a glioblastoma was made, to reveal MR spectral changes in accordance with the density of glioma cells. Furthermore, three cases that had difficult preoperative diagnoses are discussed. MR spectra from gliomas exhibited characteristic patterns according to malignancy, presumably reflecting its metabolic effects. Concentrations of choline-containing compounds, inositol, alanine, glycine and phosphorylethanolamine (PEA) increased according to the degree of malignancy, but it was noteworthy that in glioblastoma the choline-containing compounds, inositol, alanine, glycine and phosphorylethanolamine increased according to the degree of malignancy. In particular, the glycine concentration was very high in glioblastoma. We also detected a large amount of taurine in medulloblastoma. Although the total creatine concentrations decreased according to the malignancy, the concentration of total creatine was relatively preserved in neuroectodermal tumors but was low in nonneuroectodermal tumors. N-acetyl-aspartate was unequivocally demonstrated in normal tissues, but could not be detected in nonneuroectodermal brain tumors such as metastatic brain tumor, meningioma, neurinoma and chordoma. In meningioma, although a high peak of choline-containing compounds has been reported uniquely by in vitro and in vivo 1H-MRS, we demonstrated that its concentration was not increased in meningioma; instead, there was an increased alanine content. 1H-MRS of neurinoma demonstrated high inositol peaks, and a large amount of inositol. The reason for the high inositol content in neurinoma is unknown, but the prominent peak of inositol on MR spectra should be useful for the differential diagnosis of neurinoma from meningioma. PEA concentration was increased four to five times in pituitary adenoma, malignant lymphoma, and medulloblastoma as compared with normal brain. Thus 1H-MRS might provide clinically useful information on tumor malignancy and characteristic tumor metabolism. Although excellent anatomical information of tumors can be readily obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. MRS provides metabolic information. MRS may provide additional information in cases in which the differential diagnosis of tumors by neuroimaging is difficult.
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PMID:Absolute concentrations of metabolites in human brain tumors using in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 925 Nov 9

Empirical evidence in the clinical literature suggests that ionizing radiation influences human epileptic behavior. A group of patients with tumor-associated epilepsy, biopsy-proven malignancy, and primary antineoplastic treatment with ionizing radiation was selected to evaluate this observation. The antiepileptic effect of ionizing radiation was examined in 9 patients presenting with malignant cerebral tumor and medically refractory partial seizures during at least 2 months. Tissue diagnosis was obtained by stereotactic biopsy without further surgery. Histological categories included anaplastic astrocytoma (5 cases), glioblastoma (2), lymphoma (1), and metastatic non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (1). All patients had medically refractory simple partial seizures with or without secondary generalization with frequencies of 3/week to 8/day for 2-7 months before completion of therapy. Fractionated radiation therapy by parallel opposed fields was delivered with a cumulative dose range of 3,000-6,600 cGy. One patient also had 125I brachytherapy with implant removal after 6 months. Five patients had a seizure-free outcome for periods lasting 2-12 months, whereas the remainder experienced a reduction in frequency of greater than 75% during a follow-up period of 3 months to 6 years. One patient with a glioblastoma remained seizure-free for 3 months and experienced 2 generalized seizures during tumor progression and clinical deterioration but otherwise remained under good anticonvulsant control until his death after 1 year. This review of cases of partial seizures attributable to an unresected malignant cerebral tumor indicates that ionizing radiation may have a favorable effect upon medically refractory partial seizures with significant reduction or elimination of seizures. Moreover, the effect lasts beyond the immediate and early postradiation period. The therapy may thus also lessen the propensity for cerebral tissue towards later epileptogenicity that gives rise to a partial seizure disorder.
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PMID:Effect of ionizing radiation on partial seizures attributable to malignant cerebral tumors. 931 Oct 74

New approaches to treating patients with malignant brain tumors use advanced magnetic resonance and positron imaging. Clinical protocols to treat oligodendroglial-containing tumors, brain lymphoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor make use of systemic administration of drugs before irradiation. Chemotherapy directed into tumor is provided for recurrent glioblastoma as is reoperation and the use of stereotactic radiosurgical boosts.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of brain tumor. 942 58

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has provided major insights about the classification of brain tumors by identifying cellular markers of phenotype and about tumor growth potential with nuclear markers of proliferation. In situ hybridization (ISH) research shows promise for diagnostic applications in tumor classification. The avidin-biotin conjugate IHC procedure is highlighted for diagnostic use on routinely processed clinical specimens. The immunophenotypes of brain tumors are tabulated in reference to their common IHC markers. Tumors that have been correctly classified by their IHC phenotypes include the giant-cell glioblastoma, primary brain lymphoma, and central neurocytoma. Phenotypes that may be more definitively detected by ISH, such as pituitary hormone, immunoglobulin light chain, and collagen messages are described. IHC of nuclear proliferation markers correlates with grade of malignancy, predicts tumor growth potential, and is prognostic for patient survival. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and the expression of Ki-67 antigen detected by MIB-1 antibody are compared in regard to their cell cycle activity and labeling index determinations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of brain tumor interphase nuclei and chromosomes is described. Abnormal FISH signals of specific chromosomes are associated with different types of brain tumors, with different grades of malignancy, and with mesenchymal drift of glioma cells in culture.
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PMID:Insights about brain tumors gained through immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of nuclear and phenotypic markers. 960 6

In a series of 44 image guided stereotactic biopsy from August 1995 until March 1997, findings were as follows (frequency order). Tumors, glioblastoma was the most frequent. Primary lymphoma and other conditions associated to AIDS. Metastasis, three cases, Vasculites, two cases, Arachnoid cyst, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, cortical degeneration, inespecific calcification (one case each). The age varied from 1 to 83 years. Forty one lesions were supratentorial, two infratentorial, and one was outside the brain (dura and skull) and we used stereotaxy to localize it. There was no mortality and morbidity was 2.3%. The literature is reviewed. We conclude that this procedure is safe and highly diagnostic.
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PMID:[Image-guided stereotaxic biopsy of central nervous system lesions]. 969 29

The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is expressed on the blasts of a high proportion of AML cases. We were interested in the expression and function of Flt3 on various human tumors. human tumor cell lines were tested for Flt3 expression by northern blot analysis and RT-PCR using head/neck (n=3), breast (n=4), ovarian (n=4), small cell lung (n=2), non-small cell lung (n=2), gastric (n=1), colon (n=3), pancreatic (n=1) and prostate carcinoma (n=1), choriocarcinoma (n=1), glioblastoma (n=5), neuroblastoma (n=1), melanoma (n=3), lymphoma (n=1), Hodgkin's disease (n=2), and leukemic (n=6) cell lines. With no expression on the other cell samples, 3 of 6 leukemic cell lines showed expression of Flt3 mRNA. The cDNA region corresponding to the juxtamembrane domain did not show any mutation as determined by sequence analysis. In all 3 positive cell lines, protein expression was verified by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analysis. Although Flt3 is functional in these cell lines, as judged by ligand-dependent receptor autophosphorylation, it only mediates a proliferative response in 2 of the 3 cell lines. In conclusion, Flt3 is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic malignancies. Although early signalling events are detectable in all Flt3-positive cell lines tested, the expression of Flt3 does not predict a proliferative response of the cell lines. No internal tandem duplication of the juxtamembrane domain can be observed.
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PMID:Expression and function of Flt3/flk2 in human tumor cell lines. 1008 27

Follicle center cell lymphoma is among the most radioresponsive of human cancers. To assess whether this radioresponsiveness might be a result of a compromised ability of the tumor cells to accomplish the biologically-effective repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), we have measured i) the extent of the mechanical rejoining of radiation-induced DSBs in biopsy-derived follicle center cell lymphoma cells and ii) the fidelity with which nuclear protein extracts from these cells rejoin restriction enzyme-induced DSBs. Cell suspensions derived from two lymphoma biopsies, designated FCL1 and FCL2, as well as two established human glioblastoma cell lines, M059J and M059K, were exposed to 30 Gy of gamma-rays and evaluated for their ability to rejoin DSBs using a Southern transfer-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis assay. The fidelity of rejoining of restriction enzyme-induced DSBs was assessed using a cell-free plasmid reactivation assay. Both lymphoma suspensions rejoined DSBs relatively slowly and exhibited a similar phenotype to the known DSB-rejoining deficient M059J line. The level of DSB mis-rejoining in the cell-free plasmid reactivation assay was also similar in M059J and FCL2 cells and was considerably ( approximately 6-fold) higher than in M059K cells. Because of insufficient numbers of cells, we were unable to perform this assay with the FCL1 lymphoma. These limited data suggest that follicle center cell lymphoma cells may be intrinsically deficient in performing the biologically-effective rejoining of DSBs. Such a deficiency might contribute to the radioresponsiveness of this disease and may be exploitable in the development of improved treatment strategies, such as radioimmunotherapy.
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PMID:DNA double-strand break rejoining in human follicular lymphoma and glioblastoma tumor cells. 1067 75

Intrathecal administration of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) was performed in patients with meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors during the period from January 1996 to September 1998, and they were followed up until February 1999. The study population consisted of 23 patients: 12 with lung cancer, 4 with breast cancer, 2 with colon cancer, 1 with malignant lymphoma, 2 with glioblastoma and 2 with metastatic brain tumors of unknown origin. FdUrd was administered intrathecally through an Ommaya reservoir placed in the lateral ventricle initially at a dose of 1 microg twice per week, and the dose was increased to 10 microg and administration schedule was also increased every day. Headache and nuchal pain were relieved in all patients regardless of responsiveness to intrathecal FdUrd therapy as determined from the findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients showed no side effects during the course of intrathecal chemotherapy except for slight nausea in two patients and dull headache in one. Sixteen of the 23 patients showed decreased cell number in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Positive cytological findings in CSF became negative in 6 of the 23 patients, and the levels of CSF tumor markers were decreased in 14. Responsiveness to intrathecal administration of FdUrd was defined as 'response' when both the cell number and tumor markers were decreased in both ventricular and spinal CSF or when the cell number was decreased in cases in which the tumor markers were not detected. Overall, 16 of the 23 patients (70%) showed complete or partial responses to intrathecal FdUrd therapy as determined from CSF findings. These results demonstrated the efficacy of intrathecal FdUrd chemotherapy without apparent neurotoxicity for treatment of meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Clinical trial of intrathecal administration of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine for treatment of meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors. 1077 33

Based on data from the Florida Cancer Data System for the periods from 1981 through 1984 and 1986 through 1989, the incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in those aged 65 years or older rose steadily. The incidence of primary brain tumors in elderly Floridians has escalated independent of increased case ascertainment associated with the introduction of computed tomography scanning or magnetic resonance imaging and is observed in anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and lymphoma, but not in low-grade astrocytoma.
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PMID:Increasing Incidence of Primary Brain Tumors in the Elderly in Florida. 1086 70


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