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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility (MEM) tests of Field and Caspary demonstrates the macrophage-slowing factor (MSF) produced by specifically sentised blood lymphocytes after incubation with the homologous antigen. Besides other diseases with a cellular immune reaction like multiple sclerosis malignant tumours show a reduction of the macrophage mobility in the cell electrophoresis. A significant inhibition in the MEM- test was found in 30 out of 33 tumours of the CNS. Glioblastomas, astrocytomas, spongioblastomas, ependymomas, neurinomas, meningiomas, and a myxofibroma showed a positive result (more than 10% inhibition). The results in ectodermal tumours (pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma) differed; secondary brain tumours showed the greatest inhibition.
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PMID:[Use of the macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility test in the diagnosis of tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. 16 24

Fenestrae were found in freeze-fractured cisternae of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum of glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, meningioma, cerebellar sarcoma, hemangioblastoma, and chromophobe adenoma. They were about 200--400 A in diameter and often diffusely distributed or concentrated in groups in Golgi cisternae, while they were around 300--600 A in size and scattered in distribution in cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. They appeared as conical protrusions or circular broken-off necks of face A and as circular holes on face B in tangential fractures, and as several constrictions of cisternae in cross fractures.
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PMID:Fenestrae in golgi and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae of human brain tumours. 16 55

Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum is rare. Approximately 33 case of cerebellar glioblastoma have been reported. Two-thirds of the cases occurred in adults and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age was 46.7 years in adults and 10.4 years in children. Most of the tumors were lateral in location. Two of the patients (6%) had multiple glioblastomas. The time from onset of symptoms to death was approximately one year.
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PMID:Gliobastoma multiforme of the cerebellum. 16 63

A culture line of mouse glioblastoma cells changed morphologically to differentiated astrocyte-like cells when cultured in medium with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and theophylline. Morphological alteration occurred within only 5 hr when 3 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and 1 mM theophylline were used, and in 1 day when 1 mM theophylline were used. Cells showing this morphological change reverted completely to immature cells when they were transferred to medium without these two chemicals. Addition of 1 or 3 mM dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate with 1 mM theophylline to the medium also induced development of cytoplasmic processes from these cells and the cells became stellate, although the cytoplasmic processes were not as long or as numerous as those induced by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and the altered cells could not be referred to as differentiated glia cells. Sodium butyrate induced morphological alterations similar to those induced by dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate, but fewer cells showed these alterations. Addition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the presence of theophylline or addition of theophylline alone did not induce morphological changes of the cells.
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PMID:Morphological differentiation of cultured mouse glioblastoma cells induced by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. 16 61

The study by bistochemical method of some dehydrogenases in 74 glioblastoma multiforma permits to distinguish several metabolic groups. But if particular attention is payed to the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, it is noted to be observed only in the small, dedifferentiated cells when the survival postoperative time was more than twelve months. As it is known that an operated glioblastoma does not survive more than one year, except if it is a secondary glioblastoma, it is concluded that the existence of this enzyme in those little cells permits to distinguish secondary from primitive glioblastoma.
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PMID:[Primary and secondary glioblastoma. Distinction by glutamate dehydrogenase activity]. 16 64

Hypaque (sodium diatrizoate), when added to cells growing in culture (two HeLa S3 strains, rat glioblastoma C6 and mouse lymphoma L5178Y), increased the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. A transient elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was also observed when L5178Y cells were subjected to a procedure recommended for separation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood. The effect of Hypaque did not appear to be related to the increase in osmolality of the medium.
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PMID:Elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in established mamalian cell strains by Hypaque (sodium diatrizoate). 17 35

516 cases of supratentorial glioblastoma, treated in the Department of Surgical Neurology, University of Edinburgh from 1950 through 1970, were analysed with a particular attention to the effect of radiotherapy and the factors contributing to better prognosis. The length of postoperative survival was known in 349 cases and it was more than one month in 238 cases. A megavoltage linear accelerator was introduced in 1955 for radiotherapy of glioblastoma and steroids were started to be used almost routinely in 1966 for pre- and postoperative peritumoral cerebral edema. The policies of the treatment of glioblastoma in this series were; 1) to establish the histological diagnosis and 2) to prolong "useful" postoperative survival of the patient. Among the 516 cases, 271 cases (52.5%) were treated by biopsy alone. More radical procedures and/or radiotherapy were indicated only when survival of the patient was expected to be "useful" for himself and his family. "Useful" life was defined as the condition where the patient was conscious and orientated, and would, on the whole, be glad that he was still alive. Patients with disturbed consciousness, profound aphasia, bedridden or mentally disorganized, were regarded as having useless life. Radiotherapy, if indicated, was given by a 4-megavoltage linear accelerator to the whole brain with a total dose of 4500 rads in a period of 4 weeks. In order to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy, 238 cases who survived more than one month postoperatively were selected, because it took at least one month to complete the course of radiotherapy, because most cases with a biopsy alone survived less than one month, and because unexpected early death due to postoperative complications occurred in one month. The average survival for the irradiated 138 cases was 13.8 months, as compared to 5.2 months for the non-irradiated 100 cases. This difference of 8.6 months was highly significant as confirmed statistically by U-test. Although patients with profound aphasia or severe dimentia were not irradiated, aphasia and dimentia would not affect the length of biological survival of the patient. Therefore, the difference of 8.6 months could be considered as the biological effect of radiotherapy. Among the factors considered, young age, early epilepsy and relatively benign histology (astrocytoma, grade 3) appeared to be related to better prognosis. There was no evidence that a macroscopic circumscribed appearance would contribute to better prognosis. In conclusion, radiotherapy should be indicated for the cases whose survival is expected to be "useful", although its effect is limited.
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PMID:[The effect of radiotherapy for glioblastoma: a review of 516 cases (author's transl)]. 17 23

Inoculation of 0.02 ml of high-titer Kirsten strain Murine Sarcoma Virus into the brains of 10-day-old Wistar/Furth rats yields, with 100 percent incidence, a uniform glioblastoma-like tumor within 16 days. Light and electronmicroscopy confirmed the neuroectodermal origin of the parenchymal cells. The remarkable vascular component was studied with extracellular tracers. The permeability of the abnormal endothelium to constituents of the blood vascular compartment was confirmed. Accessory vascular channels, and blood channels devoid of endothelium entirely, were observed. This reporducible system should provide a useful model for further studies of the biology of brain tumors.
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PMID:'Glioblastoma'. Induction of a reproducible autochonous tumor in rats with murine sarcoma virus. 17 26

The choice of tumor dose and treatment volume are the two most important radiation factors influencing survival in glioblastomas. Patients treated to their whole brain survive longer than those treated with limited fields. Glioblastomas treated with over 5,000 rads (1,300 rets) survive longer than those treated with smaller doses. Other factors affecting survival are: the pathological grade; age at diagnosis; and surgical treatment performed. Failure patterns in glioblastomas represent intrinsic qualities of the tumor, the host, and the treatment employed. They dictate the strategy to follow. Perhaps some of these are unaffected by irradiation. An increase in dose and the extension of fields in glioblastomas have produced a gain in both the quantity and the quality of survival. The whole brain is treated (5,000-6,000 rads) and the target volume is boosted to 7,000 to 8,000 rads. Grade II astrocytomas perhaps should be treated with whole brain irradiation (4,500 rads) and a boost to the target volume of an additional 1,000 rads.
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PMID:Patterns of failure in intracranial astrocytomas after irradiation: analysis of dose and field factors. 17 98

'Pure motor hemiplegia' is a common stroke syndrome defined by Fisher as paralysis of face, arm, and leg on one side, unaccompanied by sensory signs, visual field defect, aphasia, or apractognosia. It occurs almost exclusively in hypertensive patients and carried a good prognosis. We report a case of a normotensive patient in whom pure motor hemiplegia was the presenting feature, not of a cerebrovascular syndrome, but of a pontine glioblastoma. We note that brain-stem tumours may masquerade as brain-stem strokes.
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PMID:Pure motor hemiplegia secondary to brain-stem tumour. 17 27


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