Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transplanted lines of seven F-344 (Fischer) rat malignant gliomas induced transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were surveyed by in vivo immunoprotection assays for the presence of tumour rejection antigens. These gliomas were representative of commonplace histological types of human primary brain tumours and were analyzed in early transplantation passages. The classical tumour ligation method of immunizing animals was attempted with five glioma lines, but was found unusable in four of these because of a high incidence of local tumour recurrences and distant metastases. In most experiments the animals were immunized by repeated inoculations of heavily-irradiated tumour cells. Two gliomas, a glioblastoma multiforms and a mixed astrocytoma-ependymoma, demonstrated weak but statistically significant tumour rejection responses. Immunization with three other tumours, a mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma and two glioblastomas multiforme, led to enhanced outgrowth of the challenge cell inocula. Neither a rejection nor an enhancement response was observed in assays of the remaining two neoplasms, a glioblastoma multiforme and a mixed astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma. Immunization with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced urinary bladder carcinoma line, used as a control in assays of six gliomas, had no effect on the outgrowth of transplanted glioma cells. These results suggest that ENU-induced malignant rat gliomas do not uniformly elicit strong tumour-rejection responses in vivo.
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PMID:A survey of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas for the presence of tumour rejection antigens expressed in vivo. 723 38

Among the 54946 post-mortem examinations carried out by the Pathological Institute of the Medical Academy of Erfurt in the years 1953 to 1976 with a total of 1491 DNS-tumours (2.7%), the temporal lobe was involved in the following 10 types of tumours: glioblastoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, plexus papilloma, tumour-like gliosis, sarcoma, angioma and angioblastoma, epidermoid tumour, teratoma. Only tumours that had formed in the cerebral tissue proper were evaluated, so that meningiomas and other tumours of the meninges or tumours of the meninges in the middle cranial fossa were left out of consideration. In a total of 949 cases of the above mentioned 10 tumours types, the temporal lobe was involved in 327 (34.5%) cases; these were mainly astrocytomas and glioblastomas (86.5%). Only 63 of the 327 tumours (19.3%) were exclusively located in the temporal lobe. The age peak of the occurrence of temporal lobe tumours was in the 6th decennium. The male showed with 55.4 per cent a slightly greater incidence. CLinically, the left-sided temporal lobe tumours with 79 per cent of the observations were found more frequently than the right-sided ones (67%). Accordingly, left-sided tumours were operated on more frequently (49%) than tumours on the right-hand side (40%).
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PMID:[Localization of brain tumors in autopsy. Part I: Tumors of the temporal lobe]. 734 Mar 11

Analysis of the CT findings in 35 cases of tumoral hemorrhage (taken from 973 intracranial tumors) revealed three distinct patterns of bleeding: (a) hematoma, (b) central hemorrhage, and (c) hemorrhagic infarction. The location, multiplicity of lesions, and contrast enhancement are important in the diagnosis, and the clinical history and arteriography may also be helpful. The largest single group in this series consisted of 12 metastatic lesions: the others included glioblastoma (7), chromophobe adenoma (4), Grade I astrocytoma (3), medulloblastoma (3), central neuroblastoma (2), histiocytic lymphoma (2), and ependymoma (1). The relatively low mortality rate (21/35) despite marked neurological deterioration is attributed to prompt CT demonstration of hemorrhage followed by aggressive therapy (surgical evacuation, total resection, radiotherapy, and/or steroids or mannitol).
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PMID:Computed tomography of acute intratumoral hemorrhage. 736 26

The main objective of this retrospective review of clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data from 41 patients with intracranial tumors diagnosed between 1975 and 1989, is to report the role that the finding of neoplastic cells in CSF plays, specially when cerebral CT-scanning and MRI were not currently done. Another objective is to study the CSF proteic abnormalities in cerebral tumors. CSF cell count, cytomorphologic pictures obtained after sedimentation and protein findings are described. Tumor cells were seen in 12 cases (29%): medulloblastomas--6, meningeal carcinomatosis--3, multiforme glioblastoma--1, ependymoma--1, cerebral metastasis--1; in two cases it was an unexpected finding. We noticed that tumoral localization next to the ventricles favoured cell exfoliation. Although pleocytosis was rare and uncorrelated with the presence of neoplastic cells, pathological cytomorphologic pictures appeared in most of the cases including all "positive" ones. Our results stress that the appearance of neoplastic cells in CSF remains helpful specially when it is an unexpected finding.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid cytomorphologic findings in 41 intracranial tumors: a retrospective review. 748 27

Non-glial intermediate filament (IMF) proteins, as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin, were studied by immunohistochemistry in 24 gliomas including low grade astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma and ependymoblastoma, which were fixed in ethanol and embedded in paraffin. Cytoskeletal elements isolated from two glioblastomas were examined with immunoblot analysis. All tumors had GFAP-positive neoplastic cells and vimentin was also found in all the tumors except one oligodendroglioma. Twenty-three gliomas were immunostained with anti-desmin polyclonal antibody (DM-P), but anti-desmin monoclonal antibody reacted to only one glioblastoma. DM-P might crossreact with GFAP and vimentin. Cytokeratin expression was investigated with six antibodies. Twenty gliomas (83%) were positive for the antibody against epidermal keratin (CK-SE), however positive immunoreactivity varied from 58 to 8% with other cytokeratin antibodies. With the Western blot method, CK-SE had protein bands at 53 and 60-66 kDa. Neurofilament was expressed in one pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, one anaplastic astrocytoma, one glioblastoma and one ependymoblastoma. Expression of nonglial IMF proteins were observed in 21 tumors (88%), and coexpression of 4 or 5 classes of IMF proteins in 3 tumors (13%). We conclude that, in addition to GFAP and vimentin, gliomas express several types of non-glial IMF proteins.
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PMID:Expression of non-glial intermediate filament proteins in gliomas. 751 71

In 1955, Collins made the observation that tumor recurrence in children with Wilms' tumor was correlated with the child's age plus 9 months. This concept of a period of risk for recurrence was later applied to a variety of tumors in children and became known as Collins' Law (CL). The law has been a successful predictor of survival for some children with neural tumors within the central nervous system and a poor predictor for others. We tested Collins' concept of a period of risk for recurrence and extended it to survival for 14 childhood neural tumors described in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium (CBTC) database. The CBTC data describe clinical, surgical, and histological details (over a 49-year period in 10 institutions) from 3921 patients under the age of 21 years at the time of their first surgical procedure for a brain tumor. CL was considered to be a good predictor of survival if fewer than 10% of patients who die survive beyond the expiration of the period of risk for that child. We found that CL applied to tumors such as anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, pineoblastoma, medulloblastoma or "primitive neuroectodermal tumor," teratoma, and germinoma, as well as ependymoma, papilloma, and tumors that could not be classified; it had no predictive value in craniopharyngioma, oligodendroglioma, or plain, fibrillary, pilocytic, or protoplasmic astrocytoma. We had sufficient follow-up data to determine adherence to CL when the child's age at diagnosis was less than 8 years; it is likely that CL applies to older children with these tumors, but we did not have the data to show this unequivocally.
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PMID:The applicability of Collins' Law to childhood brain tumors and its usefulness as a predictor of survival. 764 86

MRI provides additional information about tumor location, extent, and margins. MRI was used in 158 patients with CNS tumors for treatment planning from 1985-89 and they were studied in a prospective manner. The most common site was cerebrum (73 pts), then extradural spinal axis (21 pts) posterior fossa (17 pts), brain stem (14 pts) and pituitary (13 pts), etc. The most common histological primary tumor was glioblastoma multiform (25 pts), then low grade astrocytoma (22 pts), anaplastic astrocytoma (14 pts), pituitary tumor (13 pts), medulloblastoma (9 pts), ependymoma (7 pts), and germ cell tumors (6 pts). Twenty-nine patients had metastasis to the brain. A majority of the patients with CNS tumors had the studies using Gadolinium-DTPA. Of the patients with CNS tumors, 120 (76%) had better information based on the MRI, which improved the treatment planning (using the three dimensional images) and field arrangement. In 89 patients (56%) the MRI was very decisive in the treatment volume and field arrangement. In 31 patients (20%) the MRI was beneficial and confirmed the treatment plan. MRI provides important additional information for radiation therapy planning.
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PMID:Use of magnetic resonance imaging in central nervous system tumors. 773 Jul 30

The history of brain tumor cultures is old. Established cell lines of brain tumors have increased in recent years, but reports concerning the results of these cultures are few. The results of cultures of gliomas (103 cases of astrocytoma, 9 of ependymoma, 2 of oligodendroglioma and others) obtained from 117 patients treated at our department between 1979 and 1993 were evaluated. The morphological characteristic of these glioma cells were studied, and their cellular kinetics were investigated by flow cytometry. Except for 5 cases, all tumors grew on the flask in the primary cultures, indicating that gliomas were readily cultured. Differences in morphological characteristics and cellular kinetics were not observed in cultures which had been maintained for more than 6 months in astrocytomas of grades II, III, and IV. Cells lines were successively established in 3 cases of glioblastoma and 2 of ependymoma. The results of FCM revealed that those cells which grew well on cultures had high proliferative indices.
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PMID:Long-term passage results of glioma cells and their cell kinetics. 787

We performed intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in 19 patients with various brain tumors. IORT was given for primary tumors in 2 patients with malignant glioma, but was used for treating recurrent tumors in the other 17 patients. The former 2 patients respectively received 33 Gy by IORT alone and 30 Gy by IORT in combination with 50 Gy of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and survived for 12 and 9 months. The latter 17 patients had received EBRT at 4 to 112 months before IORT. In this group, single doses of 23-40 Gy were delivered by IORT after removing as much tumor as possible. The median survival time after IORT was 12 months for 9 patients with glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma, while it was 51 months for 8 patients with less infiltrative tumors (ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma). One patient with ependymoma and another with anaplastic ependymoma are currently alive with no evidence of disease at 7 and 11 years after IORT, respectively. Symptomatic brain necrosis occurred in 3 patients following IORT, but the symptoms were relieved in 2 of them by the removal of necrotic brain tissue. It is concluded that IORT combined with extensive tumor removal has an acceptable toxicity in previously irradiated patients and can be effective for selected recurrent malignant brain tumors.
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PMID:Intraoperative radiation therapy for brain tumors with emphasis on retreatment for recurrence following full-dose external beam irradiation. 809 10

In order to elucidate the role of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, we examined the production of two leukocyte chemoattractants, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) in brain tumor cell lines. The glioma cell lines tested exhibited high levels of IL-8 and MCAF mRNA expression upon stimulation with IL-1 or TNF-alpha, while none of the neuroblastoma cell lines expressed these cytokine mRNA. Both IL-8 and MCAF mRNA expression depended on the dose of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha and appeared very rapidly, reaching maximal levels at 3-6 hr, with substantial production of these cytokines in the culture supernatants. When various immunosuppressive drugs were tested, glucocorticoids but not other immunosuppressive drugs markedly inhibited the IL-1 or TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 and MCAF mRNA accumulation, suggesting that glucocorticoid is a potent regulator of these inflammatory cytokine production in the neural tissues. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the expression of IL-8 and MCAF mRNA expression in resected brain tumor tissues including glioblastoma, astrocytoma grade 2, ependymoma and medulloblastoma, indicating that these inflammatory cytokines are expressed in vivo.
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PMID:Induction and regulation of IL-8 and MCAF production in human brain tumor cell lines and brain tumor tissues. 811 36


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