Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chromosomal DNA segment of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2/IL-6) was isolated and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The human BSF-2/IL-6 gene consists of five exons and four introns and its organization shows a distinctive similarity to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene. The two genes have the same number of exons and introns and the size of each exon is strikingly similar. The BSF-2/IL-6 mRNA was found to be constitutively expressed in a human T cell leukemia virus-1 transformed T cell line, TCL-Na1, a bladder cell carcinoma line, T24, and an amnion derived cell line, FL. The BSF-2/IL-6 mRNA was also found to be inducible with interleukin-1 beta in an astrocytoma line, U373 and a glioblastoma line, SK-MG-4. S1 mapping and primer extension analyses showed the presence of multiple initiation sites and the preferential utilization of a different initiation site for each individual tissue tested.
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PMID:Structure and expression of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2/IL-6) gene. 350 Aug 52

The relationship between the morphology of astrocytomas and their prognosis is complex, with the localization of the tumour, the predominant cell type and the degree of anaplasia all playing an important part in determining the patient's future. Since many astrocytomas have a diversity of patterns, small needle biopsies taken from just one or a few areas may fail to elucidate the principal features of a given tumour. In addition to the astrocytoma subtypes listed in the WHO's International Histological Classification of brain tumours, new entities have been observed in the last few years. These include lipidized forms, such as the relatively benign pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and the highly malignant lipidized glioblastoma. Neoplastic astrocytes are capable of forming basal laminae and of phagocytosis, and often contain alpha-1-antitrypsin, features that may lead to confusing them with histiocytes. They may be arranged in a whorled pattern imitating meningiomas, their myxoid intercellular stroma may assume the morphology of cartilage and closely packed tumour cells in "epithelioid" astrocytomas come close to imitate metastatic carcinoma. Some astrocytomas contain cells indistinguishable from those of granular cell tumours of other tissues. The presence of reactive lymphocytes in astrocytomas and reactive astrocytes in malignant lymphomas can be the source of confusion between those two kinds of neoplasms.
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PMID:Astrocytomas: old and newly recognized variants, their spectrum of morphology and antigen expression. 360 13

A mouse monoclonal antibody, FKH1, was produced to detect cytoplasmic melanoma-associated antigen. FKH1 was raised using cultured human melanoma cell line KHm-6 as an immunogen. Reactivity of this antibody was assessed by immunohistochemical techniques against cell lines and normal and neoplastic tissues. Positive reactions were seen against 5 human melanoma cell lines. It stained cytoplasm of melanoma cells in a diffuse and granular pattern in indirect immunofluorescence. Immunoelectron microscopy showed diffuse distribution of immunoreactant in the cytoplasm of KHm-1 cells excluding melanosomes and other organelles. Reactivity against frozen and alcohol-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanocytic tumors was also tested with IIF or indirect or avidin biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase techniques. All cases of frozen sections from benign and malignant melanocytic tumors showed positive staining with FKH1. In fixed tissues, however, reactivity was 11 of 14 (79%) in malignant melanoma and 28 of 42 (67%) in other melanocytic tumors. FKH1 did not react against normal melanocytes and nonmelanocytic tumors except APUDoma and 2 glioblastoma cell lines. It failed to stain the B-16 mouse melanoma cell line, neuroblastoma cell line, breast carcinoma cell line, and T-cell lymphoma cell line. Normal human peripheral nerves were nonreactive with FKH1. In immunoelectroblot study, FKH1 bound with proteins having molecular weight of 71,000 and 55,000 extracted from KHm-6 cells. It was suggested that FKH1 is a useful monoclonal antibody in diagnostic study of human malignant melanoma specimens.
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PMID:Mouse monoclonal antibody (FKH1) detecting human melanoma-associated antigens. 375 74

The purpose of these studies was to examine the antiproliferative properties of 16 recombinant human IFN-alpha B/D hybrids against various human tumor lines of different histological origin and to determine whether any of the hybrid molecules possessed immunomodulating activity that could active antitumor properties in peripheral blood monocytes of normal donors. Hybrids with the B domain at the NH2 terminal end exhibited higher activity for antiviral activity and a higher level of direct antitumor antiproliferative activities as compared with hybrids with the D domain at the NH2 terminal end. The positive hybrids were directly cytostatic to melanoma, glioblastoma, renal carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostatic carcinoma cells. Tumor cell sensitivity to IFN-alpha hybrids was independent of sensitivity to IFN-gamma or to Adriamycin. The growth of a normal cell line (human embryo fibroblast) was unaffected by IFN-alpha hybrids but was completely arrested by Adriamycin. Some of the IFN-alpha hybrids were also cytostatic to mouse melanoma, lung carcinoma, and fibrosarcoma cell lines, albeit at lower levels than they were to human cells. The incubation of monocytes with IFN-alpha hybrids with the B domain at the NH2 terminal end was also associated with marked antitumor cytotoxicity. Kinetic studies, however, indicated that this activity was attributable to IFN-alpha carried on monocytes and acting directly on tumor cells. We conclude that recombinant human IFN-alpha B/D hybrids possess potent direct antiproliferative activity against a large variety of human tumor lines.
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PMID:Direct antiproliferative effects of recombinant human interferon-alpha B/D hybrids on human tumor cell lines. 382 90

Human monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers and isolated by centrifugal elutriation were not cytotoxic to allogeneic tumorigenic cells. These freshly isolated monocytes were rendered tumoricidal following interaction in vitro for 24 hours with greater than 0.01 micrograms lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ml or over 1 microgram nor-muramyl dipeptide/ml. Monocytes activated by this procedure produced a soluble factor that lysed tumor cells. Full expression of tumor cell lysis required a minimum of 18 hours' exposure of tumor cells to the factor. The degree of tumor cytotoxic factor (TCF) production was closely related to the intensity of monocyte activation to become tumoricidal. Significant production of TCF by monocytes was detected in the supernatants after treatment for 3 hours with LPS. TCF was also released by activated monocytes when cocultivated with tumorigenic cells. Similarly, the level of TCF production correlated with the monocyte density. TCF destroyed human allogeneic tumor cell lines (melanoma, glioblastoma, colon carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and breast carcinoma), but it did not affect nontumorigenic cell lines (lung and skin fibroblasts). TCF activity was not blocked by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or protease inhibitors; it was destroyed by being heated at 100 degrees C for 2 minutes. The ability of activated monocytes to release TCF could enhance host defense against cancer.
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PMID:Kinetics and function of tumor cytotoxic factor(s) produced by human blood monocytes activated to the tumoricidal state. 385 62

We studied two children who had rhabdomyosarcoma and glioblastoma and who were from a family with a hereditary cancer syndrome that was characterized by sarcoma, breast cancer, brain tumors, lung cancer, laryngeal carcinoma, leukemia, and adrenocortical carcinoma. The deleterious genotype has now been expressed through the fourth generation of this large kindred. The pedigree emphasizes the need for an extended history of several generations to arrive at a hereditary-syndrome diagnosis. A limited pedigree may result in nonappreciation of the genetic component. The pedigree illustrates that, in certain circumstances, the highly specific varieties of cancer may occur in children before it is expressed in the parent who carries the putative gene. Pediatricians, in evaluating the causes of childhood cancer, must be cognizant of cancer among adult relatives, since this recognition may aid in the diagnosis of those hereditary cancer syndromes that are characterized by cancer occurrence in children as well as adults.
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PMID:The sarcoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and adrenocortical carcinoma syndrome revisited. Childhood cancer. 397 85

Forphenicinol (FPL) is a low molecular immunomodifier derived from forphenicine, a microbial product found by Umezawa and co-workers. We studied the antitumor effect of FPL, cyclophosphamide (CY), and the combination of the two on several syngeneic murine tumors. The tumors used were mammary carcinoma, L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and glioblastoma. A single ip injection of CY on Day 1 followed by eight consecutive daily oral doses of FPL beginning 6 days after tumor inoculation showed strong cooperation in curing syngeneic mammary carcinoma inoculated intradermally in C3H/HeN mice, most mice being cured of the tumor by the combination therapy and subsequently having acquired strong specific immunity. Treatment with FPL alone (either pre- or post-treatment) also significantly inhibited the growth of the mammary tumor. FPL and CY also showed cooperation in inhibiting the growth of L1210 leukemia transplanted intradermally into CDF1 (BALB/c X DBA/2) mice and markedly prolonged the survival time but FPL treatment alone had no effect. The FPL-CY treatment also affected Lewis lung carcinoma and glioblastoma in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and produced therapeutic synergism. FPL alone significantly inhibited the growth of B16 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice as well as the syngeneic mammary carcinoma in C3H/HeN mice. These findings suggest that oral administration of FPL in combination with chemotherapeutic agents can be used for treating cancer without causing toxicity, because of the synergistic efficacy of the combination.
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PMID:Effect of forphenicinol, a small molecular immunomodifier, in combination with cyclophosphamide on growth of and immunity to syngeneic murine tumors. 397 57

Hyperthermia with 13.56 MHz was studied experimentally and clinically. Experimental studies revealed the following. To spare the surface electrodes greater than half of the phantom in diameter should be employed preferably. By cooling the electrodes, the surface is additionally spared, which is important in patients with thick subcutaneous fat. The application of different electrode sizes induces higher temperature in the vicinity of the smaller electrode. Relatively homogeneous heat distribution occurred in the brain. In contrast, thorax mediastinum and hilar areas do show much temperature increase, whereas lung parenchyma shows a high increase. Pelvis generally demonstrates a uniform temperature increase. High frequency currents do hardly penetrate bones but it achieves higher temperature by convection sequence. The best clinical results were obtained in superficial tumors; for example, breast carcinoma showed an 80% remission rate. ENT tumors responded well, with a remission rate of 73%. Glioblastoma showed no improvement with hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is well tolerated. Therefore, this treatment mode is highly recommended to be used as an adjunct to radiotherapy in palliative treatment.
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PMID:13.56 MHz hyperthermia temperature distribution in phantoms, and clinical results of therapy. 408 Nov 11

Host blood lymphocytes undergo accentuated blastic transformation when cultured with tumor cells pretreated with neuraminidase. The effect has been observed in 38 patients with such common solid tumors as bronchus carcinoma, skin melanoma, hypernephroma, or adenocarcinoma of the breast, lung, colon, or rectum. Individual response varied but often exceeded response to allogeneic cells. Three patients with glioblastoma of the brain did not respond. Lymphoblastic transformation was not observed in three of four cultures containing benign tumor or in any cultures containing normal tissue analogues of the malignant tumors. A factor in host blood serum inhibiting lymphoblastic transformation correlated to abnormal elevation of serum-bound sialic acid. This blocking factor differed in specificity from enhancing antibody or serum blocking complexes described by other investigators. Blocking effects were observed when the tumor-cell type of a serum donor differed from the cell type of the culture test tumor. Serum with abnormal elevation of bound sialate from a cancerfree human also non-specifically blocked host response to tumor. The blocking effect could be eliminated by partial enzymatic removal of bound sialic acid from serum glycoproteins.
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PMID:Neuraminidase-mediated augmentation of in vitro immune response of patients with solid tumors. 437 8

Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors were measured and their relationship to a clinical course of the patients was investigated. Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase is said to exist more quantitatively in malignant tumors such as Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Walker 256, and hepatoma, and very little in normal tissues. In brain tumors the activities were measured by bioassay and compared to that of Sarcoma 180. When the activity of Sarcoma 180 was expressed to be 100%, those of brain tumors were as follows: ten cases of normal brain less than 8.5; six cases of glioblastoma 39.3 +/- 30.7; five cases of astrocytoma 22.0 +/- 13.8; five cases of meningioma 22.4 +/- 13.7; two cases of oligodendroglioma 8.1 and 11.3; two cases of sarcoma 94.3 and 145.4; chordoma 48.0; ependymoblastoma 3.7; plexus papilloma 22.5; parotid cancer 43.4; ten cases of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer 61.5 +/- 41.6; two cases from breast cancer 28.0 and 68.8; that from thyroid cancer 10.0; that from gastric cancer 13.5; malignant melanoma 77.2. In 12 cases of gliomas (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) the mean activity was highest in glioblastoma (39.3), followed by astrocytoma (22.0) and oligodendroglioma (9.7). The postoperative survival time became shorter in gliomas with the higher activities. In metastatic brain tumors from lung, breast, and gastric cancer, the average time from the diagnosis of primary cancer to brain metastasis was shorter in cases with high activities and longer in cases with low activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors and antitumor effect of 5'-DFUR]. 622 41


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