Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017636 (glioblastoma)
 18,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Overexpression of oncogenes has been associated with the pathogenesis of some human cancers. The ros oncogene, which encodes a putative receptor with tyrosine kinase activity, has been recently shown to be specifically expressed in high levels in human astrocytoma and glioblastoma cell lines. Using transcription mapping analysis, we surveyed 25 primary astrocytomas of all histological grades, including glioblastomas, and failed to demonstrate elevated expression of ros in these tumors. This difference between the cell lines and the primary tumors may be due to dilution of the ros-positive clones by larger populations of ros-negative cells in the primary tumors or to induction of ros oncogene when the tumors are adapted to tissue culture.
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PMID:Differential expression of ros oncogene in primary human astrocytomas and astrocytoma cell lines. 218 78

During the 3 years 1978-1980 146 adult patients with intracranial glioma were diagnosed in the Province of Uusimaa in southern Finland. The median survival of all patients was 15 months, of glioblastoma (n = 41) 5.1 months, of anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 29) 12.4 months, of benign grade I-II astrocytoma (n = 30) 93.5 months, of other glioma 82.9 months (n = 27), and of probable glioma 9.8 months (n = 19); 22 patients are still alive 8.9-11.9 years after diagnosis. The patients who were 15-44 years of age at the time of diagnosis survived 75.4 months in the median (n = 58), 45-64 years 10.5 months (n = 61) and 65 years or older 4.8 months (n = 27); 96 patients were operated, 89 received radiotherapy and 34 chemotherapy. According to the proportional hazards' model, follow-up time, age and histological type of tumor were statistically highly significant in explaining differences in survival.
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PMID:Therapy and survival of adult patients with intracranial glioma in a defined population. 222 Mar 13

Quantitative determination of human glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) obtained from 66 patients with a variety of neurological diseases was performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody (G-22). In this system, the minimum detectable amount of the antigen in the CSF was 8 ng/ml. It was demonstrated that CSF diagnosis of glioblastoma might be possible in the case of small tumors with a diameter of less than 2 cm. CSFs obtained from all 18 patients with glioma were positive and the level varied from 11.2 to 186.1 ng/ml. The antigen level in the cystic fluid of the tumor was higher than that in CSF. There was a tendency for the antigen level in CSF to be correlated with the tumor size and the type of histology. The malignant types of glioblastoma or medulloblastoma showed higher levels than the benign type of ependymoma and astrocytoma. Most types of non-gliomatous brain tumor were negative except immature teratoma, meningioma with central neurofibromatosis, and metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer. We also noted that tumor progression or regression of malignant glioma could be predicted by the monitoring of the antigen in the CSF.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and its usefulness for the diagnosis and monitoring of human glioma. 191 50

A case-control study of brain tumor was conducted in collaborating hospitals in Boston, Providence, and Baltimore. Cases were 160 consecutive patients being treated for glioblastoma, grade 3 or 4 astrocytoma, or anaplastic astrocytoma. Controls were 128 healthy persons identified among the case's friends. A complex self-administered questionnaire was used to assess exposure to factors of interest. There was some evidence that glioblastoma is associated with a decreased susceptibility to allergies, a finding that may call attention to the involvement of immunologic disturbances in brain tumors. Our data are not supportive of previous reports of an association between brain tumors and exposure to pets or farm environment, family history of CNS malignancies or other neurologic conditions, or irradiation to the head. We did not find any evidence for an association with life-style characteristics such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, use of drugs of any kind, or dietary intake of cured or smoked meat or fish.
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PMID:Nonoccupational risk indicators of glioblastoma in adults. 231 91

Human astrocytic gliomas were studied with the freeze fracture technique. Orthogonal arrays of particles were noted in the plasma membranes of low-grade astrocytoma tissues. However, no such arrays were found in the plasma membranes of anaplastic glioma or glioblastoma tissues. Gap junctions were rarely seen in the membranes of these higher-grade gliomas; when seen, they consisted of relatively few particles in poorly organized plaques. These plasma membranes were dominated by randomly distributed single particles. These findings constitute aspects of the loss of differentiation in these malignant tumors.
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PMID:Orthogonal arrays are absent from the membranes of human glioblastomatous tissues. 236 92

alpha B-Crystallin, first identified as a structural component of the vertebrate eye lens, is expressed at high levels in lens and at lower levels in a number of other tissues, most notably cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, and brain. We have cloned and sequenced the human alpha B-crystallin gene and show that it is structurally similar to its hamster homolog. We have also identified its transcription initiation site in human lens RNA. Functional analysis of a promoter fragment extending from -537 to +21 (relative to the transcription initiation site) and fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene suggests that this fragment contains regulatory elements that function preferentially, but not exclusively, in lens. In contrast, this fragment is apparently insufficient to promote transcription in glial cells, as this construct functioned poorly in a glioblastoma-astrocytoma cell line (U-373MG) that synthesizes high levels of the endogenous alpha B-crystallin gene product.
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PMID:Human alpha B-crystallin gene and preferential promoter function in lens. 238 86

Seventy-four canine neuroectodermal tumors were examined immunocytochemically for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Eleven oligodendrogliomas were examined for the presence of myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Twenty-three tumors, including ten astrocytomas, one ependymoma, two glioblastomas, one case of gliomatosis, and nine poorly differentiated gliomas were positive for GFAP. Two astrocytomas, eleven oligodendrogliomas, eight ependymomas, four choroid plexus papillomas, two medulloblastomas, one glioblastoma, nine poorly differentiated gliomas, six cases of gliomatosis, and three unclassified tumors were GFAP-negative. In six tumors (including four that were classified as astrocytoma) GFAP staining was equivocal. All oligodendrogliomas were MBP-negative but three expressed MAG. It was concluded that many canine gliomas are not only morphologically but also immunocytochemically similar to human gliomas, but that a larger proportion of canine neuroectodermal growths are undifferentiated tumors.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical studies in canine neuroectodermal brain tumors. 240 34

Authors have studied the ultrastructure of endothelial cells in the microvessels of malignant and benign gliomas and in particular, the numbers of tubular bodies (Weibel-Palade) in endothelial cells of glioma microvessels in related with blood vessel proliferation. Glioblastoma 6, astrocytoma grade II 1, oligodendroglioma 1 and 2 samples of non-tumor brain tissue were analyzed quantitatively using light and electron microscope with Karnovski fixative. All tissues were obtained from the center, the intermediate and the margin in each tumor tissue and just outside of the tumor at operation. 389 microvessels were examined in the total gliomas electronmicroscopically. Tubular body was first described by Weibel and Palade in the vascular endothelial cells of various organs in both man and animals. This is now considered to be an organelle specific to the endothelial cell, but its function is still unknown. Tubular body observed in the endothelial cells of the gliomas vessels consisted of a membrane-limited round, oval or elongated shaped intra cytoplasmic body (about 0.1-0.2 micron) which contained tubules of 150-200 A outer diameter. Tubular bodies were classified in the two types. One of them (mature type) was relatively electron dense to be more compact, the other (immature type) had relatively pale matrix. In the immature type they are located in close proximity to the Golgi complex or endoplasmic reticulum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Tubular bodies (Weibel-Palade) in the endothelial cell of glioblastoma]. 240 97

Calcineurin is one of the calmodulin binding proteins and a Ca2+-dependent and calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphatase. We used antisera to the calcineurin as a cell-type-specific marker in order to identify neuronal cells in the rat brain and human neoplasms. In normal rat brain slices, basal ganglia were stained macroscopically, and other areas such as cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, cerebellar cortex, granular layer and pyramidal tract of the spinal cord were lightly identified as well. Under the light microscope, it was found that only the neuronal cells were stained, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and vessels were not. Intracellular distribution of the staining showed various patterns and staining intensity of varying degree. Using the PAP method, localization of the calcineurin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were studied in 65 human intracranial neoplasms, and in 11 human extracranial neoplasms. The neuronal elements of neuroblastoma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroma and retinoblastoma were clearly stained. In contrast, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, neurinoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, lymphoma and mesenchymal tumor were all negative. Two cases out of 5 medulloblastomas were stained, but others were not. Although positive tumors disclosed various staining patterns and intensities, these results indicated that calcineurin could be a new neuronal marker in human brain tumors.
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PMID:Calcineurin as a neuronal marker of human brain tumors. 242 51

The role of cytoreductive surgery alone as effective salvage therapy for immediate palliation and durable symptom-free remission was examined in 17 patients (six with astrocytoma, seven with anaplastic astrocytoma, and four with glioblastoma) who developed symptomatic tumor relapse after initial surgery and irradiation. Individuals with widely disseminated subependymal, bihemispheral, or brainstem involvement were excluded. After reoperation, patients with astrocytoma and anaplastic tumors have been observed for an average of 31 and 29 months, respectively. As of this writing, all 13 patients are alive without evidence of tumor progression. Three of the four patients with glioblastomas have died 5, 12, and 17 months after reoperation, respectively. The 14 surviving patients overall have a current average Karnofsky performance level of 95. The durability of surgically induced palliation alone, the safe limits of resectability, and the clinical features associated with a favorable surgical response have been examined. The results indicate that, in selected individuals, durable remissions can be achieved by adequate resection of symptomatic tumor mass.
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PMID:Surgery for glioma relapse. Factors that influence a favorable outcome. 245 23


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