Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role drug resistance plays in the occurrence of chronic and recurrent giardiasis has not been established. Extensive data on the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of living Giardia spp. trophozoites from human origin are lacking. We have determined with a macrodilution method in semisolid medium the in vitro susceptibility of 25 Giardia lamblia isolates, all obtained by routine cultivation of the duodenal fluid of children to six commonly used antiprotozoal drugs. The results showed tinidazole to be the most active drug (all isolates have MICs of less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml). Metronidazole was equally active on all but one isolate, for which an MIC between 0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml was found. Furazolidone was the most active nonimidazole compound tested. More than 50% of the isolates were very susceptible to paromomycin, pyrimethamine, and chloroquine. Two of the strains presented an MIC for paromomycin higher than 10 micrograms/ml, and six strains needed more than 50 micrograms of pyrimethamine per ml to be inhibited. Decreased susceptibility of several of the isolates to different agents appears to be linked.
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PMID:In vitro susceptibilities of 25 Giardia lamblia isolates of human origin to six commonly used antiprotozoal agents. 407 61

Giardia intestinalis is one of the most prevalent parasites in adults and children in Mexico. Benzimidazoles have been proposed as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of giardiasis. However, high-dose related toxicity and the development of resistance have emerged in clinical trials using this therapy. In the search of alternative drugs, we found that benzimidazole-resistant strains of fungi have shown increased sensitivity to phenyl-carbamates, hence, we developed several substituted phenyl-carbamates, two of which were tested against the protozoan parasite G. intestinalis in susceptible and albendazole-resistant Giardia strains. 4-R-ethyl-phenyl-carbamates IRE-6A and IRE-7B demonstrated antigiardial, albeit modest, activity when compared with albendazole, against susceptible and albendazole-induced resistant Giardia. However, when albendazole 0.38 microg/mL (MIC(50)) was combined with each IRE compound, a significant antigiardial synergism (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI < 0.5)) was obtained not only with sensitive cultures but also with resistant Giardia parasites. The results described here suggest a potential role for a combined therapy with phenyl-carbamates and sub-doses of benzimidazoles in the treatment of giardiasis.
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PMID:In vitro activity of two phenyl-carbamate derivatives, singly and in combination with albendazole against albendazole-resistant Giardia intestinalis. 1553 93