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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal parasites not only cause diarrheal illnesses but may also cause significant malabsorption in man. Separation of true malabsorption caused by a particular parasite from other factors that may coexist with and even mimic malabsorption, such as malnutrition may be very difficult. Despite these problems, it appears that giardiasis, coccidiasis, strongyloidiasis and capillariasis cause malabsorption of many important nutrients. D. latum interfere with vitamin B12 absorption.
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PMID:Parasites ana malabsorption. 39 Oct 37

The diagnoses which may be arrived at by examination of peroral small bowel mucosal biopsy specimens are presented. Celiac sprue, unclassified sprue (refractory sprue), infectious gastroenterititis, stasis syndrome and kwashiorkor have a severe mucosal lesion. Other clinical conditions are required to establish the diagnosis in these diseases. A number of diseases have specific diagnostic features. Included are Whipple's disease, abetalipoproteinemia, collagenous sprue, primary intestinal lymphoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, giardiasis, coccidiosis, strongyloidiasis, lymphangiectasis and the intestinal immunodeficiency diseases. Mucosal abnormalities may be present in other diseases but the diagnoses are usually made on other criteria than small bowel biopsy. These include vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, Crohn's disease, gastrinoma, acrodermatitis enteropathica, amyloidosis, chronic granulomatous disease, lipid storage diseases, histoplasmosis, capillariasis, cytomegalovirus infection, schistosomiasis and macroglobulinemia.
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PMID:Histologic diagnosis of diseases of malabsorption. 51 56

Malabsorption was present in 29 of 40 symptomatic patients with giardiasis. Twenty-three had impaired D-xylose absorption; in 20 vitamin B12 absorption was low, and 15 patients had steatorrhoea. More severe malabsorption was associated with more marked histological abnormalities. Metronidazole, 2-0 g as a single daily dose on three successive days, produced a parasitological cure rate of 91%. In contrast, the standard course of mepacrine, 100 mg thrice daily for 10 days, eradicated the parasite in only 63% of patients. Improvements in absorption and jejunal morphology followed anti-giardial treatment. Tetracycline in eight patients failed to eradicate the parasite, intestinal absorption was unaltered, and histological appearances of the jejunal mucosa often deteriorated.
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PMID:Giardiasis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. 87 19

The haematological status, as well as the fractional absorptions of folic acid (FAFol) and vitamin B12 (FAB12) were studied in 29 children aged 0.7-13.5 years (mean 3.3 years) with chronic diarrhoea due to giardiasis. Small intestinal biopsies revealed mucosal damage in 20 children; the biopsies of the remaining nine children were normal. At the initial investigation the FAFol and FAB12 values were below normal in approximately one-sixth and one-third of patients, respectively. Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestinal tract did not seem to play a role in FAB12 malabsorption. About one-fifth of patients had mild anaemia. None of the patients showed FAB12 insufficiency and only one patient suffered from folate depletion. At follow-up, FAFol, FAB12, haemoglobin and Erc-folate concentrations increased significantly while P-B12 and P-folate remained unchanged. Iron status, as well as dietary intake of iron, appeared insufficient prior to, as well as after treatment. Serum iron, transferrin saturation and haemoglobin concentrations were lower in patients who had acquired the disease abroad or suffered from persistent diarrhoea.
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PMID:Giardiasis: haematological status and the absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid. 160 Mar

A patient presented with hematological evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency. The Schilling test performed suggested intestinal malabsorption and further investigation revealed heavy infestation with Giardia lamblia. Specific treatment of the giardiasis with tinidazole resulted in correction of the abnormalities in vitamin B12 absorption. These findings, together with the absence of other causes of vitamin B12 deficiency, suggest that giardiasis should be considered as a cause of vitamin B12 deficiency.
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PMID:Giardia infection causes vitamin B12 deficiency. 345 51

B12 absorption was investigated in 47 healthy children aged 7 months to 15.8 years (median 4.9 years). The patients had either recovered from giardiasis, the post-gastroenteritis syndrome, or had celiac disease in remission (treated with a gluten-free diet). The B12 absorption was measured by a double-isotope technique using 57CoB12 and 51CrCl3, the latter being the inabsorbable marker. The radiation dose was minimal. The results were presented as fractional absorption of B12 (FAB12). Within the different age groups, the absorption test was performed by means of the following oral amounts of B12: 0- less than 1 year, 0.5 microgram; 1-3 years: 1.7 micrograms, 4-6 years, 2.5 micrograms; 7-10 years; 3.3 micrograms; and 11-15 years, 4.5 micrograms. When using these oral amounts of B12, the medians (and ranges) of FAB12 were found to be: 1-3 years (n = 18), 37% (16-80%); 4-6 years (n = 10), 27% (19-40%); 7-10 years (n = 9), 32% (21-44%); and 11-15 years (n = 8), 27% (19-59%). The FAB12 in two children aged 7 and 11 months was 31% and 32%, respectively. These results may be interpretated as reference values for B12 absorption in children. Further absorption tests were performed in seven children representing the four age groups from 1 to 15 years. When a high oral amount of B12 was given (i.e., three times the saturation dose), the FAB12 ranged from 0 to 20% (median 9%), whereas a low amount (i.e., one-ninth of the saturation dose) produced fractional absorptions from 65 to 82% (median 74%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vitamin B12 absorption capacity in healthy children. 395 54

Eight adults presenting with giardiasis to a gastrointestinal unit during a two year period were studied in detail. Symptoms were varied, diarrhoea occurring in only five patients. Four of the eight gave a history of travel to endemic zones, and three of those who gave no such history had possible predisposing conditions (gastric surgery (2), and borderline IgA deficiency (1]. Most patients exhibited mild malabsorption of fat and vitamin B12, and some abnormality of jejunal disaccharidases was usual. Jejunal histology varied from normal to partial villous atrophy, and the intraepithelial lymphocyte count was raised in those patients with the most marked histological abnormality. Treatment with metronidazole was uniformly successful, and most of the above abnormalities reverted to normal within a month of treatment.
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PMID:Clinical studies in adults presenting with giardiasis to a gastro-intestinal unit. 401 71

In summary, it appears that giardiasis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, strongyloidiasis, capillariasis and perhaps P. falciparum malaria are the only parasitic diseases which cause malabsorption of many nutrients. D. latum and A. lumbricoides interfere with vitamin B12 and vitamin A absorption, respectively. In view of the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapy, it is likely that malabsorption caused by intestinal parasites may become even more evident in the future.
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PMID:Parasites and malabsorption. 640 70

The debate about the pathogenicity of Giardia lamblia in man has ended, and th issues regarding the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections and their nutritonal impact have become the foremost considerations. Giardiasis can produce steatorrhea, maldigestion, and malabsorption of carbohydrates and of vitamins A and B12. The mechanisms of the absorptive dysfunction are not clear, but morphological abnormalities of the intestinal mucosa and/or bacterial overgrowth might play a role. Severe clinical giardiasis can cause "failure to thrive" in young children, but the impact, if any, of subclinical giardiasis on growth in general populations is not well defined. Protein-energy malnutrition appears to predispose to giardial infection, perhaps because of the accompanying hypochlorhydria, immunosuppression, and altered gastrointestinal flora. The lack of a sensitive and noninvasive diagnostic test for human giardial infection limits the investigation of the nutritional correlates of giardiasis.
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PMID:Giardiasis: nutritional implications. 675 Jul 50

Biopsy of the liver revealed granulomas in portal tracts and cholangitis in a woman with chronic diarrhea, weight loss, fever, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia attributed to giardiasis. Eradication of Giardia resulted in rapid improvement of symptoms and resolution of histologic changes on a second biopsy of the liver after 3 mo. The patient had serum immunoglobulin levels that were either normal (IgG, IgM) or elevated (IgA), detectable levels in serum of anti-Giardia antibody, and an HLA phenotype (B12, B27) known to be associated with prolonged giardiasis.
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PMID:Granulomatous hepatitis and cholangitis associated with giardiasis. 708 26


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