Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ivermectin, a broad spectrum antiparasitic agent has become a promising drug for treating parasitic infection and infestation. This study was carried out to investigate its activity against two common protozoal infection, giardiasis and cryptsporidiosis in a rat model. The results of this study showed that ivermectin therapy is effective against both parasites at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg.
J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1996 Dec
PMID:Effect of ivermectin on combined intestinal protozoal infection (giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis). 891 27

This article reviews recent advances in laboratory diagnosis of equine parasitic diseases. Laboratory diagnosis of most equine parasitic diseases continues to rely on standard methods. Only laboratory diagnostic tests for EPM, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis were included. The criteria for testing and interpretation of results for each new diagnostic method were explained. Western blot and PCR testing for EPM and immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies for cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis were reviewed.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1995 Dec
PMID:Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of equine parasitic diseases. 892 19

Two patients who developed gastric giardiasis after 2 weeks of treatment with omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. followed by omeprazole 20 mg per day for 2-6 weeks are described. In one patient, gastric giardiasis occurred in the presence of only mild intestinal metaplasia. In the other patient, Giardia lamblia infection had resolved 4 weeks after the cessation of omeprazole treatment, which, to our knowledge, is the first case reported in the literature. It is tempting to speculate that gastric giardiasis can develop in the absence of mucosal abnormalities during hypochlorhydria induced by treatment with a high dose of a proton-pump inhibitor. Specific treatment may not be required if the drug can be stopped and no other gastric disease causing hypochlorhydria is present.
J Gastroenterol 1995 Dec
PMID:Proton-pump inhibition and gastric giardiasis: a causal or casual association? 896 97

Hospital discharge data from 1990-4 for 26 hospitals were used to estimate and compare the cost and describe the epidemiology of severe giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Scotland, UK. The incidence of severe cryptosporidiosis was almost double that of severe giardiasis and the median duration of hospitalization was longer for cryptosporidiosis than giardiasis. Impaired immunity was frequently listed as co-diagnosis with cryptosporidiosis and associated with extended hospitalization. Although both infections were associated with infants, the median age was lower for cryptosporidiosis (5 years compared with 30 years). Whereas hospitalization was not significantly longer for infants with cryptosporidiosis, hospitalization for this age group with giardiasis was longer (4 days compared with 3 days). Comparison with similar data for giardiasis from USA revealed various differences and similarities. These points are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of these infections and published data were used to estimate costs of hospitalization.
Epidemiol Infect 1996 Dec
PMID:Severe giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Scotland, UK. 897 82

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of salinomycin on Giardia in vitro and on Giardia and coccidia in growing lambs. Concentrations of salinomycin above (3.9 micrograms/mL) reduced the adherence (index of viability) of Giardia S2 trophozoites by more than 50%. This strain did not develop resistance after repeated exposure to sublethal concentrations of salinomycin. Five of 40 lambs escaped natural infection by Giardia, and these were inoculated with > or = 500,000 cysts. Giardiasis (presence of cysts in feces) was confirmed in all lambs before commencement of the experiment. Coccidiosis (presence of oocysts) developed by natural exposure. Lambs were assigned randomly to diets containing 0, 4, 10, or 16 ppm of salinomycin. Giardia cyst and coccidia oocyst excretions were determined on 6 d during the first week and weekly thereafter. Giardia cysts were detected at each sampling date in all treatments (highest release, 2.3 x 10(6) cysts/g feces). The number of Giardia cysts shed in feces was not affected (P > .05) by salinomycin but did decline (P < .05) with time. Average infection rates remained above 50% until d 41 of the experiment and declined linearly (P < .05) with salinomycin concentration and time. The number of coccidia oocysts in feces was low (highest release, 6.8 x 10(4) oocysts/g feces), but shedding occurred in 38 of the 40 lambs. Treatment with salinomycin had a cubic effect (P < .05) on coccidia oocyst excretion, and no oocysts were detected beyond d 28. Treatment effect on average daily gain (P < .002), dry matter intake (P < .02), and final live weight (P < .07) was cubic, whereas carcass weight (P < .003) and dressing percentage (P < .08) were linearly affected by salinomycin concentration. Although a beneficial effect of 10 ppm salinomycin on lamb performance was apparent, the development of natural resistance makes it difficult to attribute this response to the control of coccidiosis or giardiasis.
J Anim Sci 1996 Dec
PMID:Effect of salinomycin on giardiasis and coccidiosis in growing lambs. 899 2

A survey was carried out among the rural and urban settlers and two tribal groups viz. Nicobarese and Onges, of Andaman and Nicobar islands. The survey covered preschool school aged children and adults. Out of the total 1,384 stool samples examined, 652 (47.1%) showed ova or cysts of one or more intestinal parasites. Among the preschool children, Nicobarese showed the highest overall prevalence rate (80.5%) followed by urban (46.7%) and rural (38.6%) preschool children. Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest form of parasite encountered in all the groups of preschool children, followed by Trichuris trichura. While ascariasis and trichuriasis were more common among the urban children than in rural children, giardiasis was more common among the rural preschool children. The school age children among rural settlers showed an overall prevalence rate of 61.1% which was significantly higher than that among the rural preschool children. Among the school age children also, ascariasis was the commonest form of parasitosis followed by trichuriasis. The Nicobarese and Onge adults showed significantly higher overall prevalence rates (72.2%) and 71.1% vs 48.6%) compared to rural adults. In all the groups studied ascariasis was the commonest form of parasitosis except in Onges among whom trichuriasis and giardiasis were more common than ascariasis. Change in prevalence rates over age was studied among the rural settlers. While ascariasis and trichuriasis showed peak prevalence rates in school age children prevalence of giardiasis declined with increase in age from a peak in the preschool age group and prevalence rates of hook worm infestation continued increasing beyond school age.
J Commun Dis 1996 Dec
PMID:Intestinal parasitic infestation among different population groups of Andaman and Nicobar islands. 905 49

To determine if Giardia lamblia infection is associated with altered gastrointestinal transit and smooth muscle contractile function, Mongolian gerbils were infected orogastrically with 2 x 10(5) trophozoites (infected) or vehicle (uninfected controls). At the time of peak colonization, control and infected animals were infused either orogastrically or intraduodenally with 51Cr. Gastric emptying of isotope and intestinal transit (measured by the geometric center of distribution of intestinal 51Cr transit) were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the infected compared to control animals in both the fasted and the fed states. Then, to determine whether Giardia lamblia has an effect on the contractility of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle, isometric tension of jejunal segments was recorded. The development of active tension with stretch and the dose-response curve to bethanechol were significantly increased in the longitudinal muscle of infected animals compared to controls. However, the circular smooth muscle did not show a similar increase in contractility. These findings suggest that an altered gastrointestinal transit and smooth muscle contractility may be involved in the pathophysiology of giardiasis.
Dig Dis Sci 1997 Dec
PMID:Effects of Giardia lamblia infection on gastrointestinal transit and contractility in Mongolian gerbils. 944 Jun 13

From the presented review of data on clinical pathology of giardiasis the authors conclude that type and variability of pattern and course of the disease are shaped by several factors. On one hand they are influenced by genetically distinct character of a given Giardia isolate, its pathogenicity, ability to colonize small intestine and releasing of secretory-excretory products; on the other hand the clinical variability reflects immune response of the host, development and intensity of pathomorphology in the intestine mucosa, secondary secretory disturbances in gastric mucosa and coexistence of pathogenic bacterial flora in small intestine. Application of not only the serological tests (ELISA, IF) to detect antibodies against Giardia but also use of tests detecting Giardia GSA65 co-proantigen and of analysis of parasite DNA represent significant progress in diagnosing Giardia invasion. The modern tests do not negate the need of performing morphological Giardia analysis which continues to represent a basic test in giardiasis.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 1997 Dec
PMID:[Clinical pathology and diagnostic aspects of giardiasis]. 952 69

Giardia lamblia infection is rarely associated with adult reactive arthritis. We report the first North American case and review the pediatric and adult literature to date. Antimicrobial treatment is essential to eradicate the parasite and control the arthritis.
J Rheumatol 1999 Dec
PMID:Beaver fever--a rare cause of reactive arthritis. 1129 87

Our objective was to determine the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in homosexual men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic, to compare it with the prevalence in a previous study from the same clinic, and to examine the relationship, if any, between the presence of protozoa and sexual practices. Men who consecutively attended the clinic and who gave a history of having had recent sexual contact with another male were invited to provide a stool sample for protozoological examination. Diarrhoeal samples were examined by direct microscopy for trophozoites and cysts and, after staining, for Cryptosporidium spp. In all cases, a modified formol-ether method was used to concentrate protozoal cysts before microscopy. One hundred and seventy-five of the 257 men invited to participate in the study provided a stool sample. At least one species of protozoan was found in 99 (57%) men. Giardia intestinalis was identified in only 5 (3%) men. Blastocystis hominis was found in 46 (26%) men, but the presence of this protozoan was not associated with diarrhoea. Other than the prevalence of Entamoeba dispar/histolytica and G. intestinalis, which remained unchanged, the proportion of men who harboured the non-pathogenic protozoa was significantly increased from 1981/82. A correlation between oral-anal sex or peno-insertive or peno-receptive anal intercourse and the prevalence of protozoa was not found. There was also no correlation between the number of species of protozoa carried and these sexual practices. The presence of protozoa was not associated with a history of foreign travel or sexual contact with a man who had recently travelled outside the UK. The study showed that, although the prevalence of infection is low, giardiasis is still transmissible amongst homosexual men. A correlation between individual sexual practices and the prevalence of intestinal protozoa was not found.
Int J STD AIDS 1999 Dec
PMID:Intestinal protozoa in homosexual men in Edinburgh. 1063 57


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