Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Giardiasis is the number one parasite-caused gastrointestinal illness in the United States. It can be acquired through various water sources or the fecal-oral route. The detection and treatment of giardiasis can be difficult. Nurse practitioners, as primary health care providers, often see patients presenting with gastrointestinal complaints. These complaints could represent one of many illnesses, including giardiasis. Presented is a review of the background and current information available on Giardia necessary for appropriate evaluation and care of patients with suspected giardiasis.
Nurse Pract 1986 Dec
PMID:Giardiasis: diagnosis and treatment. 378 81

Preschool children of two villages of Kharar Taluka, Ropar district, Punjab (India) were screened for the prevalence of giardiasis. Cysts of Giardia lamblia were found in 35.1% of the stool samples and other parasites were rarely seen. The incidence of diarrhoea in association with G. lamblia positivity was 16.5% in subjects whose stool examination was positive on one or more than one occasion. No difference in the incidence of giardiasis could be seen in well nourished and undernourished children living in these endemic areas.
Trop Geogr Med 1986 Dec
PMID:Morbidity in preschool Giardia cyst excretors. 381 Aug 40

One hundred eleven children with intestinal giardiasis, are studied taken into account: age, sex, place of residence, seasonal frequency, clinic, symptomatology, analyses, treatment and it efficacy and reinfections. Authors have investigated mainly the stools: presence of parasite in them, with only one sample, has been of 56.2%, reaching 70.7% when several samples were examined. Patients have been treated with metronidazole with good response in 93.3%, but 28.3% were infected again. Closed relatives of 99 children have also been examined and 21.4% presented infection.
An Esp Pediatr 1986 Dec
PMID:[Infantile giardiasis. Study of 111 cases]. 382 19

An outbreak of giardiasis affecting 27 children in a day-care center is analyzed. Examination of stools showed parasites in 67% of the affected children and in 23% of the children without symptoms. These results are compared with those obtained in another day-care center, where 9% of the stools of children 1 to 5 years old showed evidence of giardia infestation without any clinical evidence of disease. These results show the importance of person to person transmission of Giardia lamblia in day-care centers in Spain.
An Esp Pediatr 1985 Dec
PMID:[Giardia lamblia in child day care centers]. 409 52

We used an indirect immunofluorescence test with Giardia lamblia trophozoites as antigen to detect anti-G. lamblia antibodies in serum. Seventy-one patients and control subjects were studied in a blinded protocol. Titers in 29 of 30 patients with symptomatic giardiasis (1:16 to 1:1024) did not overlap titers in 19 healthy control subjects (1:2 to 1:4); titers in 15 patients with hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica, or intestinal bacterial overgrowth were 1:16 or less Absorption of giardiasis patients' sera with G. lamblia trophozoites but not with E. histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, or Escherichia coli reduced the titers to, or nearly to, control values. Titers in individual sera were 93.9% reproducible within a fourfold or less dilution. Our results indicate that G. lamblia, an intestinal parasite often regarded as noninvasive, induces a systemic antibody response. The indirect immunofluorescence test for anti-G. lamblia antibodies is specific and reproducible; it may be useful in epidemiologic and immunologic studies of giardiasis.
Ann Intern Med 1980 Dec
PMID:An immunofluorescence test to detect serum antibodies to Giardia lamblia. 625 45

In 15 months of the years 1979-1980, 158 patients with giardiasis and 69 patients with intestinal amebiasis were diagnosed and treated in the outpatient department of the Swiss Tropical Institute. Repeated examination of merthiolate-iodine-formol-fixed stools was the method of choice for detecting intestinal protozoa. Parasitological investigation of duodenal fluid (Enterotest) was less effective. Fewer than 30% of the cases were symptomatic, usually mentioning diarrhea (73-85%) or abdominal discomfort (20-44%). Treatment was by ornidazole single dose (2 g in adults; 40 mg/kg in children) for asymptomatic cases and a five-day treatment schedule (2 X 500 mg/day in adults, 20 mg/day in children) for symptomatic cases. In amebiasis a luminal amebicide (diloxanide furoate) was prescribed in all instances after the first stool examination. Parasitological cure rates were excellent (95%) in all cases of giardiasis but only 59 and 65% respectively in cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic amebiasis. Drug tolerance was excellent. Ornidazole is the drug of choice for all forms of giardiasis, even in a single dose. As a luminal amebicide, however, its efficacy is not superior to other nitroimidazole derivatives.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1981 Dec 26
PMID:[Clinical and therapeutic study of a group of 217 patients with intestinal giardiasis and amebiasis]. 627 72

Giardia lamblia infection in an endemic area was investigated by following a cohort of 33 lactating mothers and their infants in a semiurban community of Bangladesh for one year. Eighty-two percent of mothers and 42% of infants excreted Giardia at least once during the study period. Infants became infected as early as 3 months of age, and 86% of the infected infants had diarrhea, suggesting that the first exposure to the parasite results in disease. Only one of the infected mothers had diarrhea, indicating that with repeated exposure to Giardia, mothers in an endemic area may develop partial immunity that protects against disease but not infection. An interrelationship between maternal and infant colonization was not found. Local and systemic immune responses to Giardia correlated poorly with infection, but milk antibodies were a better reflection of infection than serum antibodies were. Infection with G. lamblia was significantly lower in infants younger than 6 months (9%), an age when many are totally breast-fed. However, we were unable to establish clear-cut protection related to human milk antibodies, and suggest that the lower infection rate in younger infants results mainly from decreased exposure to Giardia cysts.
J Pediatr 1983 Dec
PMID:Giardia lamblia infections in a cohort of Bangladeshi mothers and infants followed for one year. 664 42

In response to public concerns, 165 Meo Laotians had stools screened for intestinal parasites by the Illinois Department of Public Health. One hundred twenty-nine had at least one pathogenic parasite detected. Hookworm was detected most frequently, followed by Giardia lamblia, Trichuris trichiura, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Hookworm and overall infection were more frequent in persons 4 years of age and older, while giardiasis, ascariasis, and trichuriasis were most common in the 4- to 14-year age group. Most infections were helminthic and of no public health consequence in the United States. However, giardiasis was seven times as prevalent in refugee children as in the general US population, posing a potential public health risk in child-care settings.
JAMA 1980 Dec 05
PMID:Intestinal parasites in Southeast-Asian refugees. Prevalence in a community of Laotians. 743 91

Agammaglobulinaemia is the most common of the primary immunodeficiencies. Three major types can be distinguished: X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, early-onset agammaglobulinaemia and late-onset agammaglobulinaemia. In X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, the molecular defect has been elucidated, and genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection have become important issues. The pathogenesis of early- and late-onset agammaglobulinaemia is heterogeneous and usually not within the B-cell lineage. Patients with agammaglobulinaemia mainly suffer from infections caused by pneumococci or encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae located in the respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, ears and meninges. Other prominent infections are Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia and Giardia lamblia infection of the intestine. Among the more rare infections are those caused by Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma hominis. There is quite a number of non-infectious abnormalities which bother agammaglobulinaemic patients, especially those with late-onset agammaglobulinaemia. Of these, gastric carcinoma and intestinal lymphoma in late-onset agammaglobulinaemia and colorectal cancer in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia are the most dramatic. Life-threatening bacterial infections can largely be prevented by immunoglobulin substitution, even at relatively low dosages. However, insufficient immunoglobulin substitution is associated with recurrent airway infection and cumulative damage to the respiratory tract. for adequate substitution, efficacieous and safe intravenous immunoglobulin preparations are available. For selected patients (children, adults with poor venous access, and those experiencing side-effects on intravenous immunoglobulin), 16% immunoglobulin can be given by the subcutaneous route. With optimal substitution and--in the case of infection--adequate antimicrobial treatment, these patients have a good prognosis.
Neth J Med 1994 Dec
PMID:Agammaglobulinaemia. 783 40

The authors have carried out a retrospective study of 33 selective IgA-deficient patients. They have found the high frequency of respiratory infections, gastrointestinal (celiac disease, giardiasis), and also autoimmune-, allergic- and malignant diseases. They have called the attention to the variety of the clinical picture, the possible consequences of the haemo- and immunotherapy, as well as to the importance of the early diagnosis and examination of family members.
Orv Hetil 1994 Dec 25
PMID:[Clinical aspects of IgA deficiency]. 784 56


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