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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The practical approach to the investigation of diarrhea must be logical and based on anatomic considerations. The site of the underlying disorder may be determined by the clinical picture, and the logic of investigation will be influenced by the history. Important specific investigation in a case of colonic diarrhea include a careful rectal examination, stool inspection, sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy and barium enema study. Colonoscopy has been used, but its role has yet to be defined. In a case of small-bowel steatorrhea or diarrhea quantitative chemical estimation of the daily output of stool fat is useful, and to this investigation is added a small-bowel radiograph series and, if the radiographic findings are abnormal, small-bowel biopsy. Other investigations for small-bowel disease may include the breath test with carbon-14-labelled glycocholic acid, the lactose tolerance test, duodenal aspiration for giardiasis, analysis of serum immunoglobulins and, on occasion, isolation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide hormone (which may aid the diagnosis of functioning tumours of the pancreas or small bowel). Investigations for pancreatic steatorrhea include abdominal radiography, performance of the secretin test and testing of the response to pancreatic replacement therapy. In some patients it may be useful to use endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to differentiate pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Symposium on diarrhea. 3. Investigation of chronic diarrhea. 19 Nov 73

Parasitic infestations are endemic in tropical and subtropical areas, but rarely occur in temperate zones, and are imported by tourists, immigrants and expatriates. Gastrointestinal and biliary tree parasites are the commonest helminthics in humans. Previously these were diagnosed only by stool examinations, but recently other diagnostic techniques have been used. These include fibreoptic endoscopies for upper or lower gastrointestinal tract and biliary tree. Endoscopy plays an important role in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up as in gastric anisakiasis, chronic giardiasis, strongyloides, hepatosplenic and chronic intestinal schistosomiasis. ERCP is diagnostic in biliary tree obstruction due to parasites or associated stones or cholangiocarcinoma; worm extraction will lead to biliary decompression. Endoscopic instillation of drugs such as mepa-crine in chronic giardiasis, piperazine in biliary ascariasis and hypertonic saline in a ruptured hydatid liver cyst. Imaging techniques, such as barium studies, ultra-sound, CT and MRI, play an essential part in investigations and follow-up in parasitic disease. Therapeutic techniques under ultrasound or CT guidance for amoebic liver abscess or recent percutaneous drainage of hydatid cyst of the liver have been done successfully.
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PMID:Modern techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal and biliary tree parasites. 185 76

Intestinal giardiasis is a common enteric pathogen. Conventional diagnostic screening studies are only 50% accurate. Although radiologic abnormalities in the small intestine have been described, barium studies are often normal. Symptoms may be chronic and debilitating but are effectively treated with appropriate therapy. Three cases were encountered in which recognition of subtle radiographic abnormalities in the small intestine was responsible for proper diagnosis. These findings consisted of a progression from relatively normal jejunum on initial films to dilution, segmentation, and apparent increased fold thickness in the proximal small intestine on delayed films. When this pattern is identified, the radiologist may suggest the possibility of giardiasis and thus direct the referring physician to use definitive diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Intestinal giardiasis: the importance of serial filming. 387 67

An 18-month-old Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with recurrent diarrhoea for 2 months had signs suggesting dysfunction of small and large bowel. No helminth ova, protozoa or fat were found on faecal examination. Proctoscopy, barium enema examination and colonic biopsy revealed mucosal colitis. Biopsied small intestine was histologically normal but Giardia trophozoites were numerous in fluid aspirated from the duodenum. Absorption of d-xylose was normal. Giardiosis and idiopathic colitis were diagnosed. Clinical signs abated after 2 courses of metronidazole administration.
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PMID:Giardiosis and colitis in a dog. 745 85