Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Under the aspect of systemic diseases and their manifestation in the gut the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The skin is the mirror of the intestinal tract; not only in primary gastroenterological disorders one should look for dermatological complications, but should also think in chronic skin lesions of concomitant intestinal alterations. 2. In all patients with collagen diseases a gastrointestinal involvement is very common. 3. In all endocrine disorders except in hypothyroidism diarrhea is a very common finding. 4. Infiltrations of gastrointestinal tract can be demonstrated in many cases by gastric, small bowel or rectal biopsy. 5. In all forms of dysgammaglobulinemia giardiasis is very common. 6. In right heart failure protein-losing enteropathy should be considered, in left ventricular insufficiency bowel ischemia.
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PMID:[Manifestations of systemic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract]. 96 97

There are evidences that Giardia trophozoites contain and/or release proteolytic enzymes that may be implicated in pathogenesis of giardiasis. This report describes a preliminary characterization of the proteolytic activity in excretory/secretory (E/S) products of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites of an axenic Brazilian strain (BTU-11) and the reference strain Portland 1 (P1). The protease activity of E/S products in conditioned medium by trophozoites of each strain was analyzed using substrate (gelatin and collagen) impregnated SDS-PAGE and hemoglobin assay. The protease characterization was based on inhibition assays including synthetic inhibitors. Proteolytic products were detected in the conditioned medium by trophozoites of both assayed strains. In the gels containing copolymerized gelatin and collagen, E/S products promoted degradation of the substrates and the most evident proteolysis zones were distributed in the migration regions of 77 to 18 kDa and 145 to 18 kDa, respectively, in the patterns of gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activities. Degradation of hemoglobin was also observed, and the pattern of hydrolysis was similar in both E/S products assayed. Inhibition assays showed that the main proteolytic activity in both E/S products is due to cysteine proteases although the presence of serine proteases was also indicated, mainly in the hydrolysis of hemoglobin.
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PMID:Protease activity in extracellular products secreted in vitro by trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis. 1879 27

Quinacrine has been widely used in treatment of parasitic diseases such as malaria and giardiasis, and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Quinacrine has also been used as an effective substitute for surgical contraception by causing occlusion of the fallopian tube. This minimally invasive treatment protocol involves intrauterine insertion of the drug in the form of pellets and has been studied in humans in a number of countries, including the United States. Despite its development in the 1970s, the cellular and molecular events induced by quinacrine in the human fallopian tube have not been described. Here we describe a plausible mechanism for quinacrine action in the fallopian tube. This is manifested as an acute pro-inflammatory response in the uterus and fallopian tube, characterized by loss of epithelial cell adhesion. This response relies on properties of gated channels found on the surface of epithelial cells in the reproductive tract. While the uterus returns to normal, the inflammatory response affects the uterotubal junction and transmural segment of the human fallopian tube, and initiates formation of mature collagen in the lumen of the fallopian tube, resulting in its permanent occlusion. The response within the fallopian tube appears similar to the protective mechanisms that have evolved in women to minimize the likelihood of systemic infection from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and to some extent from Chlamydia trachomatis. This review could assist in development of experimental models used in investigating the mechanisms of fibrotic responses in humans as well as development of techniques for permanent non-surgical female contraception.
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PMID:Quinacrine-induced occlusive fibrosis in the human fallopian tube is due to a unique inflammatory response and modification of repair mechanisms. 2345 1