Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four enzyme immunoassays for the detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in stool specimens were evaluated: the ProSpecT Giardia Microplate Assay (Alexon, USA), the Giardia CELISA (Cellabs, Australia), the DSL-Giardia-ELISA (DSL. Germany), and the Melotest Giardiasis Ag (Melotec, Spain). Microscopic examination and enzyme immunoassays were performed on 168 stool specimens collected from 168 patients suspected to have giardiasis. All assays were easy to perform. The ProSpecT Giardia assay had the highest sensitivity of the assays evaluated (91%), and its interpretation was the easiest. The sensitivity of the three other assays ranged from 63 to 81%. The ProSpecT Giardia assay can be useful to detect Giardia lamblia and may replace microscopic examination in areas of high endemicity.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000 Jun
PMID:Evaluation of four enzyme immunoassays for the detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in stool specimens. 1094 29

The aim of this work was to evaluate in an open, noncomparative study the use of secnidazole in oral suspension given to Venezuelan children infected with Giardia intestinalis, from a community in Carapita, a slum area in Caracas. Seventy children from 2 to 11 years old (38 males and 32 females) were treated with a single oral dose of secnidazole (30 mg/Kg of body weight), after clinical and parasitological evaluation to make the diagnosis of active giardiasis. The effectiveness of treatment was determined by clinical examination and parasitological evaluation of feces samples 15 days after treatment. The results showed 95% of clinical cure with a significant decrease of the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms. The parasitological cure was 98%, there were 4 failures at the end of treatment. Side effects observed after treatment were of mild intensity, lasting only few hours. These results show that a simple dose of secnidazole in an oral suspension is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment for giardiasis in children and that this drug may be used as a mass treatment in risk populations.
Invest Clin 2000 Sep
PMID:Clinical trial with Secnidazole in a single dose in Venezuelan children infected by Giardia intestinalis. 1102 34

The relative sensitivities of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (ProSpecT Giardia; Alexon-Trend Inc., Ramsey, Minn.) and conventional ovum-and-parasite (O&P) examination for the detection of Giardia lamblia in preserved stool specimens were determined. Paired stool samples collected independently within a 7-day period from 103 patients were analyzed by both methods. A total of 54 specimens from 30 patients (18 asymptomatically infected with G. lamblia and 12 with symptoms consistent with intestinal giardiasis) were determined to be positive for G. lamblia, of which 48 (88.9%) were positive by microscopy and 52 (96.3%) were positive by EIA. Both specimens submitted were positive for G. lamblia by O&P examination for 66.7% (20 of 30) of the positive patients; for 26.7% (8 of 30) a single specimen was positive by O&P examination, and for 6.7% (2 of 30) of those determined to be infected with G. lamblia, both samples were negative by microscopy. The sensitivity of conventional O&P examination was somewhat higher in symptomatically infected individuals, with 75% (9 of 12) of patients in this category having G. lamblia detected in both samples, compared with 61% (11 of 18) of asymptomatic patients. A total of 24 positive patients (80%) had G. lamblia antigen detected by EIA in both submitted samples, 4 positive patients (13.3%) had one specimen positive by EIA, and the EIA was negative in both specimens from 2 infected individuals (6.5%), the sensitivity of EIA was substantially equivalent in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals (77 versus 83% of patients with positive results on both specimens). Although the sensitivity of EIA for the detection of G. lamblia on a single stool specimen was somewhat higher than that of conventional O&P examination in symptomatic patients (83 versus 75%), in asymptomatic patients (77 versus 61%), and overall (80 versus 67%), examination of two specimens by either EIA or microscopy was necessary to achieve a diagnostic sensitivity of greater than 90%.
J Clin Microbiol 2001 Feb
PMID:Use of an enzyme immunoassay does not eliminate the need to analyze multiple stool specimens for sensitive detection of Giardia lamblia. 1115 92

A case of metronidazole- and albendazole-resistant giardiasis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was successfully treated with nitazoxanide (1.5 g twice a day for 30 days). Animal studies and in vitro assays showed that the isolate was resistant to both metronidazole and albendazole and susceptible to nitazoxanide.
Clin Infect Dis 2001 Jun 15
PMID:Successful treatment of metronidazole- and albendazole-resistant giardiasis with nitazoxanide in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 1136 Feb 22

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common parasitic infections. Although standard treatments are usually curative, some immunocompromised patients, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as well as healthy patients, have giardiasis that is refractory to recommended regimens. We report our experience with 6 patients with giardiasis, for whom therapy with a combination of quinacrine and metronidazole resulted in cures for 5 of the 6 patients.
Clin Infect Dis 2001 Jul 01
PMID:Treatment of patients with refractory giardiasis. 1138 90

An assay that uses heminested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for the detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis on the basis of polymorphism in the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene was developed. This assay was evaluated with DNA extracted from purified parasite material, bacterial cultures, whole human feces containing G. duodenalis and other parasites, and their corresponding immunofluorescence-stained fecal smears on glass microscope slides. The assay was specific and discriminated between G. duodenalis assemblages A and B. RFLP analysis further distinguished two groups (designated groups I and II) within assemblage A. Among 35 DNA samples extracted from whole feces from patients with confirmed sporadic giardiasis, the tpi gene was amplified from 33 (94%). Of these, nine (27%) samples contained assemblage A group II, 21 (64%) contained assemblage B, and 3 (9%) contained a mixture of assemblage A group II and assemblage B. The tpi gene of G. duodenalis assemblage B was amplified from 21 of 24 (88%) DNA samples extracted from whole feces from patients with confirmed cases of infection in a nursery outbreak. No amplification was detected from the remaining three DNA samples. Overall, analysis of DNA extracted from material recovered from stained microscope slides identified identical G. duodenalis genotypes in 35 (65%) of the 54 samples for which a genotype was established with DNA from whole feces. The heminested PCR method developed is sensitive, simple, and rapid to perform and is applicable for the analysis of other intestinal pathogens.
J Clin Microbiol 2002 Feb
PMID:Sensitive PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in human feces. 1182 55

Giardia intestinalis is a common parasite in our country and the rest of the world and is responsible for several clinical disturbances that include dysentery type diarrheas, recurrent abdominal pain, duodenitis, jejunitis, cholecystitis and in some cases toxemias and convulsions. In this paper we review recent concepts of intestinal giardiasis, considering the basic aspects of the biology and physiology of Giardia intestinalis, its morphology and its relationship the parasite pathogenicity. We detail the physiopathological mechanisms responsible for the different clinic manifestations of giardiasis, the specific laboratory and endoscopic methods of diagnosis and the most recent advances in the treatment and prophylaxis of this disease.
Invest Clin 2002 Jun
PMID:[Intestinal giardiasis. Mini-review]. 1210 26

Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70 species of protozoa, some derived from our primate ancestors and some acquired from the animals we have domesticated or come in contact with during our relatively short history on Earth. Our knowledge of parasitic infections extends into antiquity, and descriptions of parasites and parasitic infections are found in the earliest writings and have been confirmed by the finding of parasites in archaeological material. The systematic study of parasites began with the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation and the promulgation of the germ theory. Thereafter, the history of human parasitology proceeded along two lines, the discovery of a parasite and its subsequent association with disease and the recognition of a disease and the subsequent discovery that it was caused by a parasite. This review is concerned with the major helminth and protozoan infections of humans: ascariasis, trichinosis, strongyloidiasis, dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, loasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, cestodiasis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, African trypanosomiasis, South American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, and microsporidiosis.
Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct
PMID:History of human parasitology. 1236 71

The number of children Day Care Centers has increased progressively in underdeveloped countries. These Institutions offer conditions that facilitate the transmission of enteric agents. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Giardiasis in Day Care Centers from San Francisco municipality, Zulia state, Venezuela. A poll was applied to collect personal and clinical data. Fecal samples from 82 children of one or another sex, between 11 months and 6 years old, who normally assist to four Day Care Centers of the municipality mentioned above, were analyzed. The samples were processed by fresh examination, lugol temporal coloration and the formol-ether technique. A percentual analysis was applied for the statistical study. From the 82 processed samples, 37 (45.1%) showed the presence of Giardia lamblia. The clinical symptoms most frequently observed in the study were abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and inappetence. Statistical results did not show a significant difference of this parasitic disease with relationship to sex; however, there is a predominance in children of school age (75%). The result of this work shows a high prevalence of Giardiasis in Day Care Centers of the municipality studied, which suggests that this institutions gather the conditions that facilitate the transmission of this flagellate, and that preventive measures must be put into practice.
Invest Clin 2002 Dec
PMID:[Prevalence of giardiasis in day care centers in San Francisco municipality, state of Zulia, Venezuela]. 1252 Sep 96

Resistance is a practical problem associated to the use of benzimidazoles in the antigiardial therapy. Since benzimidazole-resistant strains of fungi have shown increased sensitivity to phenylcarbamates, in this study we synthesized and in vitro tested novel substituted phenylcarbamates against the protozoa Giardia intestinalis. IRE-6A and IRE-7B, two 4-R-ethyl-phenylcarbamates demonstrated an important antigiardial activity although that was modest when compared to albendazole in axenic cultures of Giardia intestinalis. Results of this study suggest a potential role of phenylcarbamates as alternative to benzimidazoles in the therapy of giardiasis.
Rev Invest Clin
PMID:In vitro antigiardial activity of IRE-6A and IRE-7B, two ethyl-phenylcarbamate derivatives. 1463 10


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