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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal flora was explored in twelve patients affected with alpha-chain disease at different stages (stage A: 2 cases; stage B: 6 cases; stage C: 4 cases). Bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum was observed in 11 cases, but intestinal flora was diverse and no one species was always present; although a 3-month oral antibiotic treatment induced complete remission in one patient (stage A) it was not possible to demonstrate any pathogenic bacterial species. Intestinal lambliasis was present in 40 p. 100 of cases. Virologic studies were negative. At stages A and B of the disease, antibiotic treatment was able to improve malabsorption and/or plasma protein digestive losses in 62 p. 100 of cases; this effect seemed related to the reduction of the bacterial flora and to giardiasis eradication.
Gastroenterol Clin Biol
PMID:[Bacteriological, parasitological and virological study of the digestive flora in alpha-chain disease]. 392 86

The object of this study was to determine the importance of domestic cats in the epidemiology of human giardiasis. Of six laboratory-reared cats inoculated with cultured Giardia lamblia trophozoites from humans, only one showed the presence of cysts in the feces, and cysts were found on only 1 of the 80 days of observation. In a second experiment, eight cats were inoculated with G. lamblia cysts isolated from a human being. Over an 8-week period of observation, two of eight cats were found to have passed cysts in their feces, one on only one day and the other on 2 days. Postmortem examination of all of the cats found to be passing G. lamblia cysts at some time during the experiments did not reveal any small-intestinal trophozoites. These results suggest that domestic cats are relatively insusceptible to G. lamblia from humans and, consequently, that cats probably are not significant reservoir hosts of Giardia spp. infective for human beings. Moreover, it appears that the Giardia spp. which parasitize cats are distinct from those of human beings.
J Clin Microbiol 1985 May
PMID:Susceptibility of domestic cats to infections with Giardia lamblia cysts and trophozoites from human sources. 399 96

A relationship between intestinal giardiasis and ocular inflammatory conditions may result in significant vision loss. The parasitic infestation may not produce gastrointestinal symptoms and since early eradication of the parasite may prevent permanent visual loss, it is important that gastroenterologists as well as ophthalmologists be aware of this association.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1985 Apr
PMID:Intestinal giardiasis associated with ocular inflammation. 400 11

Although a method for in vitro cultivation of Giardia lamblia was described as early as 1927, only a few clinical isolates were cultured in vitro due to the complexity of the techniques. We developed a method which allows for the routine isolation of Giardia trophozoites from human duodenal fluid and maintenance of the organisms in axenic culture. This study evaluates the method in 198 patients. Seventeen strains of Giardia were isolated and cultivated axenically. The method was more sensitive than the microscopic examination of aspirated fluid and examination of an impression of mucosal biopsy. Five patients, however, excreted cysts in the stool, although no trophozoites could be demonstrated in the duodenal fluid. G. lamblia were cultivated from one patient who did not excrete cysts. The method will enable the collection of G. lamblia strains from clinical material in large numbers and can offer an important advance in epidemiological, biochemical, immunological, and therapeutic investigations of giardiasis.
J Clin Microbiol 1985 Nov
PMID:Evaluation of a new method for routine in vitro cultivation of Giardia lamblia from human duodenal fluid. 405 1

The phagocytic, bactericidal, and metabolic capabilities of circulating blood leukocytes from three adults (two males, one female) with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent pneumonia, chronic sinusitis, and intestinal giardiasis were studied. These functions were found to be normal when leukocytes from the patients were incubated in media containing normal human serum. Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus albus and polystyrene balls by both patient and normal leukocytes was diminished when the cells were incubated in hypogammaglobulinemic plasma. A similar defect in opsonization by patient plasma was also noted for pneumococci, Escherichia coli and variably with Staphylococcus aureus. Both patient and normal sera had equivalent levels of heat-labile S. albus opsonins; normal serum, however, contained heat-stable S. albus-specific absorbable opsonins in significantly greater quantities to account for its superior opsonic capacity. The addition of commercial gamma globulin or purified IgG to hypogammaglobulinemic sera restored full S. albus opsonic activity. The relevancy of these observations to the impaired host defenses in these patients will be discussed.
J Clin Invest 1970 Aug
PMID:Leukocytic function in hypogammaglobulinemia. 419 88

In summary, it appears that giardiasis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, strongyloidiasis, capillariasis and perhaps P. falciparum malaria are the only parasitic diseases which cause malabsorption of many nutrients. D. latum and A. lumbricoides interfere with vitamin B12 and vitamin A absorption, respectively. In view of the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapy, it is likely that malabsorption caused by intestinal parasites may become even more evident in the future.
Clin Gastroenterol 1983 May
PMID:Parasites and malabsorption. 640 70

Hepatitis viruses, enteric pathogens, and anorectal infections may commonly be transmitted by various sexual practices. Because of their larger numbers of sexual partners and sexual practices such as anilingus and anal intercourse, homosexual men are at particularly high risk of acquiring hepatitis B, giardiasis, amebiasis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, and anorectal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus, and human papilloma viruses. The evidence for sexual transmission of these infections as well as their diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Urol Clin North Am 1984 Feb
PMID:Sexually transmitted viral hepatitis and enteric pathogens. 642 96

Metronidazole, a nitroimidazole derivative, is a unique antimicrobial agent that is active against both bacterial and parasitic organisms, although only the anaerobic members of these groups are susceptible. It has been used for the treatment of trichomoniasis for about 20 years and is also effective against amebiasis and giardiasis. More recently, metronidazole has emerged as a principal agent for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections. It is highly effective against all species of anaerobes except certain non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli and cocci and is the only agent rapidly bactericidal against the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clinical studies have proved its efficacy in prophylaxis for elective colorectal surgical procedures and in the treatment of deep abdominal sepsis (usually in combination with another agent, such as an aminoglycoside). Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for nonspecific vaginitis that seems to be a mixed infection due to anaerobes and Gardnerella vaginalis. Adequate concentrations in the blood are produced after both oral and intravenous administration, and the side effects are infrequent and minimal.
Mayo Clin Proc 1983 Mar
PMID:Metronidazole. 660 Aug 4

Go.10213, a new nitroimidazole, was studied in 12 male volunteers for tolerability and in 20 patients with intestinal amoebiasis for antiamoebic activity. Go.10213 was well-tolerated by volunteers up to a dose of 400 mg X 3. Patients also tolerated well the dose of 100-150 mg X 3 for 7 days. In two patients, there were mild and transient side-effects like headache, dizziness, fatigue, etc. No neurological side-effects were observed. There were no significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and ECG. The organ function tests did not show any adverse effects of Go.10213 on bone-marrow, kidney, liver, etc. Go.10213, at a dose of 150 mg X 3, showed potent antiamoebic activity in 10 patients with intestinal amoebiasis, as judged by the clinical relief, the eradication of the trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica from stools and the healing of colonic ulcers. Go.10213, a novel nitroimidazole, may prove to be the most potent and safe agent against the protozoal infections, e.g. amoebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis.
Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983 Nov
PMID:Phase 1 tolerability and antiamoebic activity studies with 1-methylsulphonyl-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Go.10213): a new antiprotozoal agent. 663 38

Nitroimidazoles have been extensively evaluated in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, liver and intestinal amebiasis. The most widely used are metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole. Tinidazole, ornidazole, and secnidazole have a much longer half-life than metronidazole, allowing single-dose or once daily administration. Nitro-5-imidazoles remain extremely effective drugs for treating protozoans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis. Although all are suspected of potential carcinogenicity, they are the drugs of choice for treating protozoal infections.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1984 Feb
PMID:Nitroimidazoles in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. 669 65


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