Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot was used to study variations in Giardia lamblia antigens in extracts of feces from infected Mongolian gerbils. A 65-kilodalton antigen was found in feces that contained strain WB (ATCC 30957) cysts and in axenic culture of strains WB and CDC:0284:1 that contained trophozoites. The 65-kilodalton antigen from trophozoites of both strains was membrane associated. A 70-kilodalton antigen was found in feces that contained strain CDC:0284:1 cysts. It was persistent in 16 fecal collections and may be strain specific. Similar variations in antigens may occur in human feces. Coproimmunodiagnostic assays that use monoclonal antibodies will have to include all varieties of G. lamblia antigens present in the feces of giardiasis patients.
J Clin Microbiol 1990 Feb
PMID:Antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in the feces of Mongolian gerbils. 231 72

We describe a patient with severe common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) whose clinical course was dominated by resistant giardiasis requiring prolonged hospitalization. The giardiasis was eventually controlled by initial metronidazole and subsequent mepacrine therapy, but side effects necessitated the withdrawal of both of these drugs. Replacement immunoglobulin treatment failed to restore normal serum immunoglobulin levels, but despite this, they appeared to be of value in reducing the liability to recurrent giardiasis. We discuss the use of immunoglobulin supplementation in this condition and the frequent association between CVH and pentagastrinfast achlorhydria.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1990 Jun
PMID:Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. A case report. 236 6

The use of a faecal preservative and several staining methods, together with formalin ether concentration, were evaluated for the improved diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis in 1285 patients with diarrhoea or dysentery and from asymptomatic controls. All samples were screened by three wet mount techniques. Thirty eight specimens of diarrhoeal or dysenteric stool were preserved in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and stained by trichrome and Spencer and Monroe short iron haematoxylin stain. Thirty nine preserved faecal samples submitted for routine screening were subjected to formalin ether concentration, wet mount examination, and permanent staining. Saline and buffered methylene blue (BMB) mounts were equally good for detection of trophozoite Entamoebae while Giardia trophozoites were detected only by the saline mount. The iodine mount was superior to the other mounts for protozoan cyst detection. The concentration procedure enhanced cyst recovery. Faecal preservation and subsequent staining was superior to wet mount examination for detection of the trophozoite stage and avoided the need for fresh specimens. Both the trichrome and the iron haematoxylin stains were comparable for the detection of cysts and trophozoites of the Entomoebae. Giardia lamblia trophozoites stained better with iron haematoxylin than with the trichrome. Preservation and permanent staining is recommended as the most productive means for the accurate identification of the various protozoan parasites.
J Clin Pathol 1988 Jun
PMID:Evaluation of faecal preservation and staining methods in the diagnosis of acute amoebiasis and giardiasis. 245 58

A commercially available enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of giardiasis was evaluated in a clinical trial. The ProSpecT/Giardia diagnostic test (Alexon, Inc., Mountain View, Calif.) was compared with the standard ova and parasite (O&P) microscopic examination. Additionally, several widely used stool fixatives and a commonly used transport medium were assessed for compatibility with the immunoassay. A total of 325 stool specimens were collected and used to evaluate assay performance. Of those, 93 specimens were collected from symptomatic Giardia O&P-positive patients and 232 specimens were randomly collected from patients as part of a routine health screening procedure. All 93 Giardia O&P-positive stool specimens were strongly positive by visual and spectrophotometric examination using the immunoassay. Of the 232 randomly collected specimens, 16 were positive by O&P examination and immunoassay, 6 were negative by O&P examination but positive by immunoassay, and 1 was positive by O&P examination and negative by immunoassay. There was substantial supportive evidence that indicated that the six immunoassay-positive, O&P-negative specimens were true-positives. When these six specimens were accepted as true-positives, the immunoassay detected almost 30% more cases of Giardia infection than did O&P examination. Its sensitivity and specificity were 96 and 100%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of O&P examination were 74 and 100%, respectively. The immunoassay also performed well on specimens treated with 10% neutral Formalin, sodium acetate-Formalin fixative, and Cary-Blair transport medium. However, the test was not compatible with polyvinyl alcohol-treated specimens. Overall, the ProSpecT/Giardia test was a sensitive, specific immunoassay which was easy to run and interpret. It offers a simple solution to traditional difficulties encountered in diagnosing Giardia infection.
J Clin Microbiol 1989 Sep
PMID:Stool diagnosis of giardiasis using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay to detect Giardia-specific antigen 65 (GSA 65). 267 96

Parasitosis opportunist are becoming clearer thanks to a better knowledge of immunological mechanisms, especially in AIDS. Child immunological immaturity and corticotherapy are the two other main immunodeficiencies among opportunist parasitosis. For the protozoosis, coccidiosis (especially toxoplasmosis), cryptosporidiosis, but isosporosis too and microsporidiosis represent a privileged group among opportunistic infections. Among adult, leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum is an opportunist parasistosis, favoured by corticotherapy or AIDS, but among children, it is the child's immunological immaturity which is involved in the immunodeficiency. Babesia occurs among splenectomized people. Giardiasis is more frequent and more severe among IgA immunodeficiencies especially secretories IgA. Among helminthiasis, generalised strongyloidiasis is very severe among patients under corticotherapy, but AIDS is not involved.
Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1989
PMID:[Opportunistic aspects of parasitosis]. 268 97

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using sera from rabbits and goats immunized with Giardia trophozoites were compared for detection of Giardia antigen in 300 stool specimens, 80 of which had positive results for Giardia by microscopic examination. The diagnostic accuracy of the two assays was similar, with sensitivities of 92% and 87% and specificities of 87% and 91% with the use of rabbit and goat antisera, respectively. Both ELISAs detected Giardia antigen in stool samples from asymptomatic as well as symptomatic excretors and from treated patients after organisms were no longer visualized by microscopic examination. The specificity of the assays was confirmed by consistently negative results on stool specimens from 10 neonates and 27 patients with enteric parasitic infections other than Giardia. Negative results also occurred when stool specimens containing 21 bacterial enteropathogens were tested. Potential confounding variables including multiple freezing and thawing episodes, prolonged storage, and stool filtration did not affect test results from clinical specimens. Antidiarrheal compounds did not interfere with assay results. Preservation of specimens in formalin did interfere with the assay, even if formalinized stool specimens were dialyzed before testing. For diagnosis of giardiasis, the ELISA is a sensitive and specific test that is not influenced by many environmental factors or by other enteropathogens. This test provides a practical and reliable method for evaluating large numbers of specimens in a variety of clinical and epidemiologic settings.
Am J Clin Pathol 1989 Jun
PMID:Rapid detection of giardia antigen in stool with the use of enzyme immunoassays. 272 83

Comparative studies of body weight, height, intracellular water representing cell mass, and age, and plasma concentrations of albumin, vitamins, trace elements and iron stores in Aboriginal children aged 6 to 13.5 years, from two rural Aboriginal settlements and one rural Caucasian school (Hawker) provided evidence of significant deficits in one of the Aboriginal settlements (Yalata). Yalata Aboriginal children had lower body weights and heights for age and lower intracellular water values. Plasma albumin, zinc, iron, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol concentrations were lower relative to the normally grown Aboriginal children at Nepabunna. The latter children did not differ from rural Caucasian children for the parameters studied. The reasons for this poorer growth at Yalata may reside in poor nutrition, or repeated bowel infection in postnatal life leading to malabsorption, or both. Limited observational evidence suggests that Giardiasis has a high prevalence at Yalata, and it has been shown elsewhere that Giardiasis is capable of inducing malabsorption with resulting nutritional deficiencies.
Eur J Clin Nutr 1989 Mar
PMID:Malnutrition in aboriginal children at Yalata, South Australia. 273 99

We describe two patients with Crohn's disease, secretory diarrhea, and concurrent giardiasis. As we review the pathophysiology of secretory diarrhea in Crohn's disease, we suggest that secretory diarrhea in Crohn's disease may be more common than has been believed.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1989 Apr
PMID:Secretory diarrhea in Crohn's disease with concurrent giardiasis. 273 61

During an outbreak of diarrheal illness among residents of a trailer park in rural Vermont, 37 (30%) of 122 residents met the case definition of outbreak-related giardiasis. Convalescent-phase sera from 24 residents and 20 nonresident control subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies to Giardia lamblia. Residents showed higher levels of parasite-specific antibody than did nonresident controls for IgG and IgA but not IgM. Nine residents with giardiasis had a higher median level of G. lamblia-specific IgA but not IgG or IgM than 15 healthy residents (0.61 versus 0.16 optical density units; P = 0.004). Moreover, parasite-specific IgA levels were higher in those consuming tap water than in those who did not (0.31 versus 0.08 optical density units; P = 0.03) and increased with increasing water consumption. Levels of serum antibody to G. lamblia, particularly IgA, may be useful in determining exposure to G. lamblia-contaminated water and illness from G. lamblia during waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal illness.
J Clin Microbiol 1989 Aug
PMID:Elevated levels of immunoglobulin A to Giardia lamblia during a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis. 276 60

This article reviews the biology, epidemiology, and clinical management of amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis as well as the less common intestinal protozoa, Dientamoeba fragilis, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis hominis.
Infect Dis Clin North Am 1988 Sep
PMID:Parasitic diarrhea. 307 23


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