Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although improved sanitation in the United States has resulted in a general diminution in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, some, such as enterobiasis, are not reduced by improved environmental or water sanitation and others, such as amebiasis and hookworm infection, persist in foci. Other infections, notably giardiasis, have increased due to the travels of American tourists in other countries where environmental sanitation is poor. North American physicians, therefore, may expect at some time to have to treat parasitic infections. Favored chemotherapeutic agents currently are: for amebiasis--metronidazole and diiodohydroxyquin; for giardiasis--metronidazole; for tapeworm infections--niclosamide; for enterobiasis--pyrantel pamoate, piperazine citrate, or pyrvinium pamoate; for ascariasis--piperazine citrate; for stronglyoidiasis--thiabendazole; for trichuriasis--mebendazole; for hookworm infection--pyrantel pamoate; for schistosomiasis japonica--tartar emetic; and for schistosomiasis mansoni--niridazole.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of intestinal parasitic disease. 93 16

Parasitic infestations are endemic in tropical and subtropical areas, but rarely occur in temperate zones, and are imported by tourists, immigrants and expatriates. Gastrointestinal and biliary tree parasites are the commonest helminthics in humans. Previously these were diagnosed only by stool examinations, but recently other diagnostic techniques have been used. These include fibreoptic endoscopies for upper or lower gastrointestinal tract and biliary tree. Endoscopy plays an important role in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up as in gastric anisakiasis, chronic giardiasis, strongyloides, hepatosplenic and chronic intestinal schistosomiasis. ERCP is diagnostic in biliary tree obstruction due to parasites or associated stones or cholangiocarcinoma; worm extraction will lead to biliary decompression. Endoscopic instillation of drugs such as mepa-crine in chronic giardiasis, piperazine in biliary ascariasis and hypertonic saline in a ruptured hydatid liver cyst. Imaging techniques, such as barium studies, ultra-sound, CT and MRI, play an essential part in investigations and follow-up in parasitic disease. Therapeutic techniques under ultrasound or CT guidance for amoebic liver abscess or recent percutaneous drainage of hydatid cyst of the liver have been done successfully.
 ...
PMID:Modern techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal and biliary tree parasites. 185 76

One hundred fifty-nine children aged 24 to 61 months with 60% ascariasis prevalence and 21.5% giardiasis prevalence in rural Guatemala were studied prospectively for 1 yr. They were divided into four groups comparable for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and past growth experience as judged by slopes of height and weight on age. Each group was randomly assigned to the following 2-monthly treatment regimens: group I, placebo, group II, piperazine, group III, metronidazole; group IV, piperazine and metronidazole. Height and weight were measured every 3 months and stools were examined for parasites every 4 months. Piperazine administration decreased the prevalence of ascariasis to 33.8% at the end of the study but growth remained unaltered. Metronidazole administration decreased the prevalence of giardiasis to 2.5% at the end of the study and was accompanied by increased growth as judged by delta weight, delta % weight for age, slope of weight on age, delta height, delta % height for age and slope of height on age. It is suggested that failure of antiascaris treatment to enhance growth in this study may be because of 1) absence of severe malnutrition in the subjects, 2) adequacy of dietary protein, 3) possible low worm load, and 4) failure to eradicate ascariasis. The findings suggest that giardiasis is associated with reduced growth in preschool children.
 ...
PMID:Effect of periodic antiascaris and antigiardia treatment on nutritional status of preschool children. 709 Oct 37