Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical course of giardiasis is variable, and serum antibodies do not appear to be protective. We propose that natural factors either produced by intestinal tissue, transported into the intestine, or ingested (ie, by breast-fed babies) might promote resistance to this disease. Human milk is very rich in secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies, as well as nonspecific antibacterial factors (eg, lactoferrin, lysozyme). Previous studies showed that Giardia lamblia trophozoites were killed by nonimmune human milk (NHM) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Removal of greater than 99% of the S-IgA from NHM did not decrease its Giardia-cidal activity. Thus, the killing was not antibody dependent. This is the first demonstration of nonimmune antiparasitic defenses in human milk. The present studies show that in the presence of NHM, trophozoites lost motility, swelled, and lysed. The Giardia-cidal activity (GCA) may be specific to human milk, since unheated cow's and goat's milk were virtually devoid of activity. Much, but not all, of the GCA was lost when NHM was heated or reacted with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP), a specific esterase inhibitor. Activity of the major human milk lipase (BSL, bile salt-stimulated lipase, a fatty acid esterase) was lost after heat or DIFP treatment and was absent from cow's or goat's milk. The parasites were also killed by pure BSL. These studies suggest that BSL may be a heat-labile Giardia-cidal component of NHM.
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PMID:Killing of Giardia lamblia trophozoites by normal human milk. 667 55

A group of 238 dogs with various infectious and parasitic disease, in which suppressed activity of the immune system could e presumed, was examined using a set of immunological methods. The frequency and depth of immunosuppression and its association with certain infectious or parasitic disease were determined. Marked immunosuppression was found 62 (26%) of the dogs examined. Dogs with distemper, parvovirosis and German Shepherd dog pyoderma (GSP) were the most severely impaired. Dogs in acute phases of distemper or parvovirosis had decreased numbers and activity of lymphocytes and decreased immunoglobulin levels. Dogs with GSP had some of the following immunologic symptoms: inhibition of phagocytosis, reduced activity of lymphocytes, decreased levels of haemolytic complement and increased levels of immunoglobulin and lysozyme. A persistent immunosuppression was found in 12 dogs. These dogs were diagnosed with deep pyoderma, giardiasis, dermatophytosis or neoplasms. Although samples were not taken before the clinical diseases appeared, it can be presumed that some diseases caused immunosuppression (distemper or parvovirosis), and for other diseases immunosuppression was a predisposing factor (dermatophytosis, giardiasis and possibly GSP).
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PMID:Secondary immunodeficiency in dogs with enteric, dermatologic, infectious or parasitic diseases. 971 65