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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia as causative agents of paediatric diarrhoea was studied in a southern Indian population. Relationship between infant feeding practices, co-existing malnutrition and the occurrence of intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis was also examined. The subjects were 361 paediatric patients with acute diarrhoea and 70 hospitalized control children without diarrhoea. Faecal samples from cases and controls were examined for the protozoal pathogens using faecal preservatives, permanent staining and formalin-ether concentration. Bacteriological studies were conducted on 244 of the 361 cases. A high prevalence of invasive amoebiasis was seen in the 0-6 month (12.5%) and 7-12 month (20.3%) age groups. Giardiasis was uncommon under 6 months (2.1%) but occurred in 8-10% of all other age groups. Invasive amoebiasis occurred mainly in children on weaning foods (45.9%) but also [corrected] in exclusively breast-fed children (13.5%). Giardiasis was not seen in exclusively breast-fed infants, but commonly occurred in older children on normal diets. There was no association between amoebiasis or giardiasis and malnutrition.
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PMID:Intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis in southern Indian infants and children. 226 Jan 73

A 10-year-old mentally retarded girl was sent to our hospital due to generalized edema, vomiting and poor appetite for several days. Serum albumin level was low, but no proteinuria was detected. Her stool was bulky and foul. Stool examination for parasite with formalin-ether concentration method revealed negative result. Trypsin activity test of stool revealed low trypsin activity as compared with normal specimen. Daily fecal fat exceeded upper normal limit. The diagnosis of giardiasis was confirmed by duodenal juice examination. Intestinal histology revealed mild shortening of the villi with increased mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria. The daily stool amount decreased markedly after treatment with metronidazole 250 mg three times a day for 7 days. The edema subsided during the treatment. Serum albumin bevel returned to normal after the treatment. Giardiasis with malabsorption syndrome has often been overlooked in Taiwan. It is advised that in case of malabsorption syndrome giardiasis should be included in the list of differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Giardiasis with malabsorption syndrome: report of one case]. 227 67

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of microscopical examination of multiple faecal specimens with duodenal juice examination in the diagnosis of giardiasis. Of 292 patients who had stool microscopy and duodenal aspirate, Giardia were identified in either stools or duodenal fluid from 73 patients (25%). Giardiasis was diagnosed in 62 (73%) with the first faecal specimen, but examination of 3 specimens increased the diagnostic yield to 85%. Giardia, however, were found in only 32 of 73 duodenal aspirates examined (44%). This finding is contrary to the widely held belief that duodenal fluid examination is superior to stool microscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis. The 2 approaches are complementary, however, since Giardia was found in duodenal fluid, only, from 15% of patients.
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PMID:The relative merits of faecal and duodenal juice microscopy in the diagnosis of giardiasis. 234 28

Diarrhea affects approximately 330,000 travelers from industrialized nations each year. Diarrhea is a reflection of inadequate hygiene or waste disposal in the countries visited, usually developing countries. The greatest incidence occurs in 20-29 years olds who take the most dietary risks. Some foods that pose the greatest risk in descending order include raw oysters, steak tartare, ice cubes, washed vegetables, cold milk, puddings, and sandwiches with mixed fillings. 40% of all travelers have a self limiting and rarely grave diarrheal illness caused by local enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Following an incubation period of 5-9 days, symptoms appear (cramps, fever, and 10 or more diarrheal episodes/day). 5% are infected with Giardia lamblia and 4% with Entamoeba histolytica. Giardiasis occurs worldwide and is characterized by grumbling diarrhea, cramps, and flatulence. E. histolytica causes a severe illness characterized by colitis with bloody stools, anorexia, malaise, sweats, weight loss, and epigastric pain. Only 10-100 Shigella bacteria are required by cause shigellosis. Symptoms include blood and mucus in the diarrhea and malaise. A traveler who ingests food with 100,000 Salmonella bacteria in it most likely will fall ill 48 hours after eating the contaminated food. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers have an incubation period of about 12 days and may be fatal. Initial symptoms consists of headache, malaise, fever, and pain and 2 weeks later bloody diarrhea appears. Additional common diarrheal illnesses include cholera, post infectious tropical malabsorption, and those caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter species. Another disease common in areas of poor hygiene is poliomyelitis with fever, sore throat, and headache present in mild forms. If the virus invades the central nervous system, however, paralysis occurs.
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PMID:Exotic diarrhoeal problems and poliomyelitis. 259 59

Parasitosis opportunist are becoming clearer thanks to a better knowledge of immunological mechanisms, especially in AIDS. Child immunological immaturity and corticotherapy are the two other main immunodeficiencies among opportunist parasitosis. For the protozoosis, coccidiosis (especially toxoplasmosis), cryptosporidiosis, but isosporosis too and microsporidiosis represent a privileged group among opportunistic infections. Among adult, leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum is an opportunist parasistosis, favoured by corticotherapy or AIDS, but among children, it is the child's immunological immaturity which is involved in the immunodeficiency. Babesia occurs among splenectomized people. Giardiasis is more frequent and more severe among IgA immunodeficiencies especially secretories IgA. Among helminthiasis, generalised strongyloidiasis is very severe among patients under corticotherapy, but AIDS is not involved.
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PMID:[Opportunistic aspects of parasitosis]. 268 97

Travelers' diarrhea afflicts some 250 million people yearly. A number of etiologic agents have been identified, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Giardia lamblia is one of the pathogens clearly associated with this syndrome. Typical symptoms of giardiasis that include abdominal bloating and cramps are well known, whereas urticaria has rarely been associated with this illness. An American tourist developed acute giardiasis accompanied by urticaria and high fever. No other pathogens were identified, and response to metronidazole therapy was prompt. Giardiasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute urticaria and fever in the traveler.
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PMID:Fever and urticaria in acute giardiasis. 270 46

Comparative studies of body weight, height, intracellular water representing cell mass, and age, and plasma concentrations of albumin, vitamins, trace elements and iron stores in Aboriginal children aged 6 to 13.5 years, from two rural Aboriginal settlements and one rural Caucasian school (Hawker) provided evidence of significant deficits in one of the Aboriginal settlements (Yalata). Yalata Aboriginal children had lower body weights and heights for age and lower intracellular water values. Plasma albumin, zinc, iron, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol concentrations were lower relative to the normally grown Aboriginal children at Nepabunna. The latter children did not differ from rural Caucasian children for the parameters studied. The reasons for this poorer growth at Yalata may reside in poor nutrition, or repeated bowel infection in postnatal life leading to malabsorption, or both. Limited observational evidence suggests that Giardiasis has a high prevalence at Yalata, and it has been shown elsewhere that Giardiasis is capable of inducing malabsorption with resulting nutritional deficiencies.
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PMID:Malnutrition in aboriginal children at Yalata, South Australia. 273 99

Two patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation developed severe gastrointestinal symptoms, one during the peri-transplantation period and the other several months post-transplantation and following documented intestinal graft-versus-host disease. After detection of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in a stool specimen from one patient and a duodenal aspirate from the other, treatment with metronidazole was administered and all symptoms resolved. Giardiasis should be considered in transplant patients with diarrhea. Negative stool examinations do not rule out this possibility, and consideration should be given to examining a sample of small intestinal contents for Giardia trophozoites.
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PMID:Severe giardiasis in two patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. 281 89

The authors studied 1,211 laboratory-confirmed, non-outbreak-related cases of giardiasis in Vermont residents reported through Vermont's laboratory-based active surveillance system between 1983 and 1986. Giardiasis was the most common reportable disease in the state, with an average annual incidence rate of 45.9 cases per 100,000 population per year. This rate is higher than that in other states reporting giardiasis incidence. Morbidity from giardiasis was also significant in that 30% of cases reported symptoms lasting four or more weeks. Waterborne transmission was suggested to be an important cause of non-outbreak-related cases because rates of infection were highest in persons receiving nonfiltered municipal or nonmunicipal residential drinking water. Rates were also higher at higher elevations, where water supplies may be difficult to protect from contamination. In addition, the pattern of age-specific incidence rates and the high estimated incidence of infection in children attending day care suggested that person-to-person transmission also played a role in causing non-outbreak-related cases. Routine surveillance data can serve to indicate likely important routes of transmission of giardiasis in the community.
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PMID:Epidemiologic surveillance for endemic Giardia lamblia infection in Vermont. The roles of waterborne and person-to-person transmission. 292 23

Giardiasis is a common infection, and many of its symptoms are similar to those of Crohn's disease. Despite a long discussion on the role of microbiologic agents in Crohn's disease, giardiasis has never been investigated. We studied giardiasis as assessed by the occurrence of cysts in 86 patients with Crohn's disease, in 82 patients with other gastrointestinal disease, and in 52 patients without gastrointestinal disease. In addition, in 20 patients with Crohn's disease the effects of metronidazole on giardiasis and disease activity were studied. Frequency of giardiasis was 61.6% in patients with Crohn's disease, 31.7% in patients with other gastrointestinal disease, and 5.8% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Stool frequency, disease activity, and humoral signs of inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease showed no relationship to giardiasis. All but two patients treated with metronidazole became free of cysts. Crohn's disease activity index decreased in 14 of 20 patients (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, giardiasis is a common finding in patients with Crohn's disease. Treatment of giardiasis can, in individual cases of Crohn's disease, result in a quick recovery from symptoms of high disease activity.
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PMID:Crohn's disease is frequently complicated by giardiasis. 322 99


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