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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An adolescent had marked systemic features suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease. Giardia lamblia trophozoites were present in endoscopic biopsy specimens from the terminal ileum and from the duodenum. His illness rapidly and completely resolved after metronidazole therapy. Giardiasis must be included in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children.
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PMID:Giardiasis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. 153 90

The authors recall the main etiopathogenetic, immunological and clinical features of Giardiasis; they report on a patient suffering from intestinal Giardiasis associated with immunoglobulin deficiency and nodular lymphatic hyperplasia of the gut. They report the results of medical therapy.
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PMID:[A case of intestinal giardiasis associated with immunoglobulin deficiency and intestinal lymph node hyperplasia]. 169 26

Giardiasis is one of the most common pathogenic intestinal protozoal infections worldwide. Giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified etiologic agent in outbreaks associated with the ingestion of surface water, often due to ineffective filtration or pretreatment. In addition to humans, other sources of infection include beavers, perhaps muskrats, and possibly domestic animals. A low infecting dose (10 to 25 cysts) is reported to be sufficient to produce human infection. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to a transient or persistent acute stage, with steatorrhea, intermittent diarrhea, and weight loss, or to a subacute or chronic stage that can mimic gallbladder or peptic ulcer disease. Diagnosis is usually based on repeated stool examinations but examination of duodenal fluid or biopsy material may also be necessary. Enzyme immunoassay or indirect immunofluorescence methods for direct detection of antigen or whole organisms in clinical specimens have also been developed. These tests are reported to be more sensitive than routine stool examination. Demonstration of serum immunoglobulin M and G antibodies may help differentiate recent from past infection or help detect recurrence in individuals who have been treated previously. Serum immunoglobulin A levels may be a useful indicator of exposure in waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea. Drugs available for treatment within the United States include metronidazole, quinacrine hydrochloride, and furazolidone.
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PMID:Giardiasis. 173 95

Joint involvement in giardiasis is reported in children and young persons only with one exception. We present two cases of adult patients (a thirty-year-old woman, 26-year-old man) who developed a slowly aggravating arthritis in PIP-joints, ankles and knees with a tendency to chronification or relapse. Giardiasis was diagnosed by examination of feces. Treatment with ornidazole was effective in arthritic and gastrointestinaly symptoms. The patients had neither ESR elevation nor any other signs of inflammatory processes. The arthritis factor was negative. HLA-typing showed no phenotypes associated with arthritides.
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PMID:[Arthritis in lambliasis intestinalis (giardiasis) in the adult]. 174 71

The association between reactive arthritis and Giardia lamblia infestation, although it has been previously described, is not very common. We present a 32 year-old woman who had oligo-arthritis and erythema nodosum after Giardia lamblia infestation. We think that a Giardiasis should be more frequently considered in patients with arthritis after an episode of diarrhea.
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PMID:[Reactive arthritis and infestation by Giardia lamblia]. 180 94

In 1987 and 1988, 340 consecutive patients attended the endoscopy centre of Cochin hospital, Paris, and underwent oesophago-gastroduodenal endoscopy in a search for Giardia lamblia parasitology and histology. Two-hundred and eight of these patients presented with non-ulcer dyspepsia and entered a prospective study aimed at determining the advisability of a systematic search for Giardia lamblia in this population. Six biopsies were positive for giardiasis, including 3 in patients with acquired immunodeficiency, 1 in a case of chronic diarrhoea with atrophic villi and 2 in dyspeptic patients. Giardiasis, therefore, cannot be regarded as a cause of non-ulcer dyspepsia, and a systematic search for the parasite is of little interest in such cases. However, giardiasis remains a cosmopolitan parasitic disease with a non-negligible prevalence in France among subjects at risk, such as communities, children, travellers, homosexuals and immunodeficient patients.
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PMID:[Role of giardiasis in non-ulcer dyspepsia]. 182 98

Giardiasis represents a major protozoan infection for the 1990s. This article reviews this organism for the primary care physician, discussing the characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Prevention and patient education needs are also presented.
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PMID:Giardiasis. 201 41

Giardiasis is the most common human parasite infection in the United States, causing a lengthy course of diarrhea. Transmission of Giardia species is by the fecal-oral route, and numerous waterborne outbreaks have been documented. The Environmental Protection Agency has regulated Giardia species in drinking water through the Surface Water Treatment Rule. Current methods for detection of Giardia species in water rely primarily on microscopic observation of water concentrates with immunofluorescence techniques. We evaluated the efficacy of using a gene-specific probe for the detection of Giardia species in water. A cDNA probe, 265 bp long, from the small subunit of rRNA of Giardia lamblia was used for detection of cysts. The replicative form of the M13 vector with an insert was isolated from lysed host Escherichia coli XL1-Blue and used for production of the cDNA probe by nick translation with 32P-labeled nucleotides. Six different protocols were tested for extracting nucleic acids from the cysts. With the most efficient procedure, disrupting Giardia cysts with glass beads in the presence of proteinase K, as few as 1 to 5 cysts per ml can be detected in water sample concentrates with dot blot hybridization assays.
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PMID:Detection of Giardia cysts with a cDNA probe and applications to water samples. 205 51

HLA-DR Antigen expression was shown in the small intestinal mucosa sampled by aspiration biopsy in 12 children infected with Giardia intestinalis. The studies were performed by using three immunohistochemical techniques, with the best results achieved by use of fluorescein- stained avidin biotin system. HLA-DR Antigen expression in Giardiasis was slightly enhanced in the enterocytes of the absorption region; an increased number of HLA-DR positive cells was also found in the lamina propria of the small intestine as compared with controls. This phenomenon is recognized in various inflammations of the small intestinal mucosa.
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PMID:[Expression of HLA-DR antigen in small intestinal mucosa of children infected with Giardia intestinalis]. 215 17

Giardiasis is recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Seroprevalence data from both the developing and developed world show high rates of carriage in populations at risk for fecal-oral transmission, such as children in day-care centers. Outbreak investigation has expanded our understanding of reservoirs for Giardia lamblia and of the routes of transmission. Various host factors have been associated with infection. The pathogenesis of giardial infections is being elucidated, in particular the role of lectin activation in producing disease. Three standard chemotherapeutic agents are available in the United States. The institution of community-wide prevention measures is equally important. Current areas of investigation including antigenic composition and enzymatic variants should result in effective forms of immunotherapy, while more effective forms of chemoprophylaxis could assist in eradicating the pathogen from institutional settings.
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PMID:From Leningrad to the day-care center. The ubiquitous Giardia lamblia. 221 72


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