Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An adult with the late onset immunodeficiency syndrome developed intractable diarrhea. Widespread cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract was detected antemortem with detailed morphological studies and viral culture. The CMV-type cells were especially numerous in his severely ulcerated colon. Electron microscopy of infected cells in rectal biopsy material revealed the characteristic features of CMV infection. It is likely that the CMV infection contributed to the symptom complex and the mucosal injury. Unusual opportunistic infections as a cause of diarrhea should be considered in patients with late onset immunodefociency, especially if Giardiasis is ruled out.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with late onset immunodeficiency syndrome. 19 23

Marshak has emphasized the role of the gastrointestinal tract as a major immunologic organ and described the radiologic findings of immunoglobulin deficiency diseases of the small intestine. According to his classification the radiologic findings include multiple nodular defects, edema and increased secretions associated with Giardiasis, a sprue-like pattern, and thickened folds. In this report, the role of the intestine in the immune response is briefly reviewed and several of the radiologic features of immune deficiency diseases and those of benign nodular lymphoid hyperplasia are illustrated.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin deficiency diseases of the intestine. 35 42

Giardiasis has been reported increasingly among visitors to the Soviet Union and is found at epidemic and endemic levels in the United States. The main source of infection is contaminated water. Children, homosexual males, and patients with gastrectomy, achlorhydria, hypogammaglobulinemia, secretory IgA deficiency, or alteration in immune status are particularly susceptible to severe, often chronic, infection. Symptomatic giardiasis can be acute, subacute, or chronic. Symptoms are explosive, watery, foul-smelling stools or semisolid stools with evidence of steatorrhea; flatulence; abdominal distention; and weight loss. Diagnosis usually can be established by examination of stool or duodenal fluid for cysts or trophozoites. Quinacrine hydrochloride is the drug preferred for treatment, but metronidazole and furazolidone are also useful.
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PMID:Giardiasis: a common cause of diarrheal disease. 49 84

An open multicentre trial was undertaken in 8 countries to assess the efficacy and tolerance of short course treatment regimens of tinidazole Trichomoniasis: of 859 patients with trichomonal vaginitis given a 2g single dose of tinidazole 717 (95.2%) were cured. Side-effects occurred in 82 patients (9.5%) and in 12 were regarded as severe. Giardiasis: of 74 children with symptomatic giardiasis given tinidazole in a single dose of approximately 50 mg/kg body weight, 65 (88%) were parasitologically and symptomatically cured. 2 (2.7%) complained of side-effects, none of which was severe. Intestinal amoebiasis: of 502 patients, comprising 458 adults and 44 children, with symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis who received tinidazole as a single daily dose on 2 to 3 consecutive days, 477 (95%) were parasitologically cured with complete or marked improvement in symptoms. Side-effects occurred in 50 patients (10%) and in 11 were regarded as severe. Amoebic liver abscess: 82 patients were given tinidazole in single doses of 2g on 3 consecutive days. The response was rated as excellent in 60 and good in 17 (overall cure 93.9%). Side-effects occurred in 9 patients (10.9) and in 2 were regarded as severe. These findings confirm the efficacy and tolerance of short regimens of tinidazole given in single daily doses.
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PMID:Tinidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis and amoebiasis. Report of a multicentre study. 65 95

Giardiasis is a common gastrointestinal illness among travelers. Recently an increased prevalence of giardiasis in men who had not traveled outside New York City was seen at The New York Hospital and was found to be due to transmission of this disease among homosexuals. Cases of giardiasis for a 5-year period were then reviewed, and it was discovered that 19 male patients who had not traveled or had an immunodeficiency disease were homosexuals. This accounted for 22% of the adult men with giardiasis during that period. Adult women with giardiasis usually were either travelers or had an immunodeficiency disease (96%). It is important to obtain a sexual history in these patients and treat sexual contacts to prevent recurrent infection. Our findings are consistent with venereal transmission of giardiasis.
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PMID:Giardiasis: association with homosexuality. 66 37

Giardia lamblia has been considered a facultative pathogenic organism. The prevalence of this organism was found in 18.58% and 18.18% of children with and without associated symptoms. The prevalence is higher than those previous studies from Southeast Asia. Most children are commonly infected after 1 year of age. Giardiasis should be suspected in any child with unexplained chronic diarrhoea, abdominal pain and failure to gain weight. The diagnosis is important because the disease is curable after appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Prevalence of Giardia lamblia in children attending an out-patient department of Siriraj Hospital. 70 16

The interaction of the intestinal phases of Giardia muris and Trichinella spiralis was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Intraoesophageal inoculation of G. muris cysts seven days before, or seven days after, similar inoculation of T. spiralis larvae resulted in significant reduction in the numbers of Giardia trophozoites in small bowel and Giardia cysts in stools. This effect was not observed when G. muris cysts were administered after resolution of the intestinal phase of trichinosis. Giardiasis had no effect on trichinosis as assessed by numbers of adult worms in small bowel and larvae in skeletal muscles. Studies of small bowel morphology showed that the intestinal phase of trichinosis was associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria, a significant increase in Paneth cells in crypts, and a marked reduction in the villus:crypt ratio of jejunum. These observations suggest that the intestinal phase of trichinosis induced environmental changes in small bowel, perhaps related to inflammation, which resulted in suppression of proliferation of Giardia trophozoites.
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PMID:Suppression of giardiasis during the intestinal phase of trichinosis in the mouse. 101 15

Giardiasis is still regularly encountered in the United States, both as endemic cases from the local community as well as in patients returning from travel abroad. Giardiasis should be suspected in any child with steatorrhea, unexplained chronic diarrhea (especially if associated with growth failure), weight loss, or abdominal pain and bloating. Duodenal aspiration or small intestinal biopsy may be necessary to make a diagnosis because Giardia lamblia are not found by stool examination in 50% of symptomatic individuals. A diagnosis of giardiasis is important because the disease is curable.
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PMID:Giardiasis in childhood. 119 Jan 62

The frequency of the opportunistic infections of the duodenum in AIDS patients was determined by way of histologic study in 207 patients between January 1987 and June 1991. All cases had serial paraffin sections, run through HES, PAS, Giemsa, Brown-Brenn, and Zieh-Neelsen stains, and 20 cases had in addition cytologic and electron microscopic study. 63 patients had opportunistic infections (10 cryptosporidiosis and 2 isosporiasis; 12 mycobacterial enteritis; 15 CMV enteritis; 7 candidosis; 7 intestinal microsporidiosis confirmed by electron microscopic examination; 12 Giardiasis; 3 duodenal leishmaniasis; 1 intestinal cryptococcosis). Multiple concurrent infections were noted in 6 cases. A mild to severe villous atrophy was observed in 28 cases, associated with opportunistic infection. A patchy distribution of pathogen agent was noted in 34 cases, and 37 cases were associated with oesophagal candidosis. This study points out the value of histologic examination of intestinal biopsy for the diagnosis of systemic infections as well as of unusual parasitosis, and the necessity for multiple endoscopic biopsies because of the frequent patchy distribution of pathogens.
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PMID:[Histopathologic features of opportunistic infections of the small intestine in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 132 69

Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis occur in immunocompetent persons, and as opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. The causative organisms of giardiasis (Giardia lamblia) and cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum) have markedly different life cycles, but currently available evidence suggests that intestinal antibody plays a major part in host protection against both parasites. In the case of G. lamblia, the evidence points to a role for intestinal antitrophozoite antibody in blocking adherence of trophozoites to intestinal epithelium, with consequent removal of trophozoites from the intestine by peristalsis. Similarly, recent work supports the view that C. parvum infection can be prevented or interrupted by antibody that binds to Cryptosporidium life cycle stages present in the intestinal lumen (sporozoites and merozoites). Molecular characterization of G. lamblia and C. parvum immunodominant antigens would facilitate future studies aimed at determining whether vaccination against giardiasis or cryptosporidiosis is feasible.
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PMID:Immunology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections. 150 Jul 34


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