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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number of motile Giardia lamblia trophozoites approximately doubled in axenic culture in 24 hr when 50% fresh medium was provided every 24 hr. In a microculture modification involving no change of medium, similar multiplication took place during the first 24 hr, and trophozoites remained motile for four days or longer. Metronidazole and tinidazole were active against G. lamblia in vitro, an observation suggesting that their effect in therapy of giardiasis is a direct one. The effect was rapid--high drug concentrations immobilized most trophozoites within 3.5 hr. There was an inverse relationship between duration of exposure and concentration of drug needed for significant immobilization: the effect of 0.1 microgram/ml was detectable after two to four days. Tinidazole was 4.4-fold as active as metronidazole; the minimal concentrations that immobilized 100% of trophozoites by 24 hr ranged from 0.2 to 12.5 microgram/ml and from 1.6 to 50 microgram/ml, respectively.
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PMID:In vitro susceptibility of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to metronidazole and tinidazole. 736 81

Very effective treatment for giardiasis is available. There is little to choose in efficacy between the major drugs I have mentioned, used at optimum dosage, but mepacrine probably has a higher frequency of unwanted effects than many of the newer drugs, and the required duration of treatment is longer. Tinidazole is a very promising drug, being effective in single dosage with infrequent side effects.
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PMID:The treatment of giardiasis. 744 38

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted protozoan parasite. Although often considered simply a nuisance infection, T. vaginalis has been implicated in premature rupture of placental membranes and increases in the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, is currently the drug of choice to treat T. vaginalis infection. Because some patients have severe reactions to metronidazole and others are infected with metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis, we were prompted to investigate alternative therapies. Tinidazole, another 5-nitroimidazole used in other countries to treat T. vaginalis infections, and furazolidone, a nitrofuran presently used to treat giardiasis and infections with some anaerobic enteric bacteria, were investigated for effectiveness against 9 metronidazole-susceptible and 12 metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis patient isolates. The in vitro aerobic and anaerobic minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) and the time for drug efficacy were determined. Tinidazole killed the metronidazole-susceptible isolates at a low MLC but was effective against only 4 of the 12 metronidazole-resistant isolates. In contrast, furazolidone was effective at a low MLC for all isolates. When tinidazole was effective, it required > 6 h to kill trichomonads. However, furazolidone killed both metronidazole-susceptible and resistant trichomonads within 2 to 3 h of exposure. These data suggest that furazolidone may be a good candidate for treating metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis and that further investigation of this drug is warranted.
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PMID:In vitro effect of tinidazole and furazolidone on metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis. 872 51

Tinidazole is the first-line drug treatment of giardiasis, as it requires only a single dose to cure infection in most individuals. The related drug metronidazole is as effective, but it requires 5 to 7 days of three times a day therapy. Nitazoxanide appears in limited studies to be as effective as tinidazole or metronidazole, and it does not have the bitter taste of nitroimidazoles. A good alternate for use during pregnancy is paromomycin. Cure of infection varies between 60% and 100% with one course of treatment. Less effective and/or less well-tolerated drugs for the treatment of giardiasis include albendazole, quinacrine, and furazolidone; the use of these agents should be reserved for giardiasis refractory to treatment with the first-line agents.
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PMID:Treatment of Giardiasis. 1562 30

Tinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole active in vitro against a wide variety of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Tinidazole is an effective treatment against anaerobic microorganisms based on its pharmacokinetic characteristics (C(max) 51 microg/ml, t(1/2) 12.5 h) and its excellent in vitro activity. Its long half-life allows once a day regimens. Tinidazole is as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of infections caused by T. vaginalis, giardiasis and amebiasis and bacterial vaginosis, malaria, odontogenic infections, anaerobic bacterial infections (pelvic inflammatory disease, diabetic foot), surgical prophylaxis (abdominal and hysterectomy) and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Tinidazole was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
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PMID:[Tinidazole: a classical anaerobical drug with multiple potential uses nowadays]. 1954 2


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