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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-four of 54 campers on a 2 week trip in mountains of Utah had diarrhea during and after their trip. Twenty-two (79%) of 28 symptomatic campers' stools examined contained Giardia lamblia cysts, whereas 4 (29%) of 14 asymptomatic campers' stools had cysts. The temporal distribution of cases and the absence of clustering among food preparation subgroups suggested a common source exposure. Although the epidemiologic data and fecal coliform counts implicated the remote mountain stream used as water source by the group as the vehicle of transmission, Giardia lamblia cysts were not recovered from stream water nor were they found in intestines or feces of sampled mammals living in the drainage area. Twenty-five other campers had stools examined before and after a subsequent hiking trip in another area of Utah; none had Giardia cysts before, but 6 (24%) had them after return. Questionnaires returned by 133 of the campers showed that 5% had an illness compatible with giardiasis within 2 weeks after their trip. These surveys show that campers exposed to mountain stream water are at risk of acquiring giardiasis.
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PMID:An outbreak of giardiasis in a group of campers. 93 29

We have investigated small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac disease, acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and giardiasis, to find out if a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count is a feature specific to coeliac disease, or whether it is always associated with partial or subtotal villous atrophy. The results indicate that the normal range for childrens' intraepithelial lymphocyte counts is similar to that for adults (around 6-40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells); that counts are high in coeliac disease, but also in some children with giardiasis or with failure to thrive in whom the jejunal biopsy appears otherwise normal; and that intraepithelial lymphocyte counts are normal in acute gastroenteritis even when there is partial villous atrophy with increased lamina propria lymphoid cell infiltrate. Thus, this measurement of small intestinal lymphocyte infiltration may be of diagnostic value is differentiating the diarrhoea of food intolerance from infectious diarrhoeas in young children.
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PMID:Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in small intestinal biopsies from children with diarrhoea. 96 7

Under the aspect of systemic diseases and their manifestation in the gut the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The skin is the mirror of the intestinal tract; not only in primary gastroenterological disorders one should look for dermatological complications, but should also think in chronic skin lesions of concomitant intestinal alterations. 2. In all patients with collagen diseases a gastrointestinal involvement is very common. 3. In all endocrine disorders except in hypothyroidism diarrhea is a very common finding. 4. Infiltrations of gastrointestinal tract can be demonstrated in many cases by gastric, small bowel or rectal biopsy. 5. In all forms of dysgammaglobulinemia giardiasis is very common. 6. In right heart failure protein-losing enteropathy should be considered, in left ventricular insufficiency bowel ischemia.
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PMID:[Manifestations of systemic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract]. 96 97

Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were evaluated in 131 jejunal mucosal biopsies taken from children with a small intestinal enteropathy arising from a variety of causes including coeliac disease, (untreated, after gluten withdrawal, and during subsequent challenge), giardiasis, cow's milk protein intolerance, and 'intractable diarrhoea'. The counts were compared with those from the biopsies of children referred for investigation but in whom no gastrointestinal disease was demonstrated and from healthy siblings of children with coeliac disease, investigated during a family study. Children with coeliac disease showed a raised count which fell after gluten withdrawal as has been demonstrated by others in adults. Lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium increased rapidly during gluten challenge in such children, while no change was seen in those children proven ultimately not to have coeliac disease by the usually recognized criteria. In other enteropathies the range of counts was wide, overlapping with both normal and coeliac groups and indicating the nonspecificity of lymphocytic infiltration of the gut epithelium. The findings are discussed in relation to their significance and to further avenues of investigation to determine their possible diagnostic value in confirming the diagnosis of coeliac disease during gluten challenge.
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PMID:Evaluation of the intraepithelial lymphocyte count in the jejunum in childhood enteropathies. 97 98

Results are presented of the laboratory examination of faeces specimens from 20,273 patients with acute diarrhoea. These were household index cases seen in general practice in a London borough during the years 1953-68. An annual average of about 2 per cent of households in the area were affected, but there was considerable fluctuation with year and season. Half the patients were children although only one-fifth of the population at risk was under 15 years of age. The greatest incidence of diarrhoea was among children under 5 years old. Male children, but female adults predominated. Specimens were sent for laboratory diagnosis at the discretion of the general practitioner. The laboratory found some abnormality in nearly a third and there were indications that transmissible infection was involved in about one-fifth of patients. The most common diagnosis was Sonne dysentery (9 per cent) which came in epidemic waves and made its greatest impact among young school children. Microscopy was useful, and giardiasis was diagnosed in 1-4 per cent of index patients. Other parasites were less commonly found. Fatty globules characteristic of an infectious condition we have called 'fatty diarrhoea' were frequently observed by microscopy in stools from young children and occasionally from older persons. Blood or pus cells were seen in less than half the shigella and salmonella infections and in a much smaller proportion of the remainder. A test for occult blood performed on specimens from all patients of 40 years or older was positive, in the absence of visible red cells, in a tenth of these cases. Other studies on the bacteriology of diarrhoea in general practice are referred to and some epidemiological comparisons made. The possible place of unidentified infective agents in the aetiology of undiagnosed diarrhoeas and of 'fatty diarrhoea' is discussed.
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PMID:Diarrhoea in general practice: a sixteen-year report of investigations in a microbiology laboratory, with epidemiological assessment. 109 96

Giardia lamblia infestation can cause severe diarrhea and malabsorption, and the diagnosis is usually made by identification of cysts in the feces, but small intestinal biopsy or smears may be required. A wide spectrum of roentgen changes may be seen. In patients with a normal immune status, the small bowel is normal or shows an inflammatory bowel disease pattern. Eradication of the parasite reverses these changes. In some patients with IgA deficiency, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia occurs, and this is usually not reversible. Other patients with hypogammaglobulinemia or dysgammaglobulinemia and giardiasis may show a sprue pattern. This pattern most often persists after eradication of the parasite. Although the triad of giardiasis, IgA deficiency, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia has a particularly high association, these, together with diarrhea, malabsorption, and various altered immune states may occur in any combination.
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PMID:Current perspectives on giardiasis. 110 21

The recent near-epidemic incidence of Giardia lamblia infection in visitors to the Soviet Union illustrates the importance of this intestinal flagellate as a cause of diarrhea in travelers worldwide. Clinical states range from the asymptomatic cyst-passing stage, to the chronic or subacute stage mimicking gallbladder or ulcer disease, to the transient or, rarer, persistent acute stage with steatorrhea and substantial weight loss. Symptoms may be related to IgA deficiency. Secondary lactose intolerance may follow eradication of the parasite. Diagnosis is usually based on repeated stool examinations or examination of duodenal contents. Quinacrine hydrochloride is the most effective treatment, but metronidazole and furazolidone are also useful. Contaminated water is the most likely source of infection.
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PMID:Giardiasis. 117 8

This report deals with the onset of Giardia-induced, primary malabsorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis. To our knowledge, this association has been reported only once previously. A further review of the literature suggests that malnourished patients with chronic pancreatitis may be susceptible to G lamblia infection. Therapy for giardiasis rapidly reverses the diarrhea, malabsorption, and edema seen in these patients.
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PMID:Giardia-induced malabsorption in pancreatitis. 117 10

Giardiasis is still regularly encountered in the United States, both as endemic cases from the local community as well as in patients returning from travel abroad. Giardiasis should be suspected in any child with steatorrhea, unexplained chronic diarrhea (especially if associated with growth failure), weight loss, or abdominal pain and bloating. Duodenal aspiration or small intestinal biopsy may be necessary to make a diagnosis because Giardia lamblia are not found by stool examination in 50% of symptomatic individuals. A diagnosis of giardiasis is important because the disease is curable.
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PMID:Giardiasis in childhood. 119 Jan 62

A novelty of the present studies is the use of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A-1--AT) as an endogenous marker of enteric protein loss. Enteric clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin was determined in 10 patients with the symptoms of PLE, and in 6 healthy individuals. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin concentration has been assayed in single, random samples of feces collected from 42 patients and 12 healthy individuals (normal values: 1.31 +/- 0.72 mg/g of feces). Markedly increased enteric clearance and A-1-AT concentrations in single, random samples of feces have been found in patients with enteric lymphangiectasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and constrictive pericarditis, slightly lower in coeliac, chronic diarrhoea, nonspecific hemorrhagic colitis, esophagitis, lambliasis, hypogammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, hepatitis in newborn, and Gilbert's disease. Statistically significant positive clearance has been noted (r = 0.997; p less than .001). A single assay of A-1-AT in feces is simple, repeatable, and sensitive technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of these diseases in which the symptoms of enteric protein loss are seen.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin as an endogenous marker of protein-losing enteropathies]. 143 95


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