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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-seven Meriones unguiculatus were inoculated intra-esophageal with Giardia lamblia cysts isolated from the stool of a Giardia infected child. Correlation between oral dosage, course of infection, trophozoite distribution and the pathological changes in the small intestine of the infected jirds were studied. One (12.5%) of eight animals became infected with only 5 cysts. 10(4) cysts/jird or more was infective to nearly all the animals. Most of the infected animals (83%) excreted cysts and/or trophozoites intermittently. The extent of trophozoite colonization and their distribution in the small intestine varied with the time of infection, but not with the number of Giardia found in the feces. There was no direct correlation between the size of inoculum and the course of infection, the fecal output of cysts and/or trophozoites, or the intensity of pathological changes in the small intestine. The histopathological lesions induced by G. lamblia included cellular infiltration of the mucosa of the small bowel, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, edema of the lamina propria and increase in mucous secretion. Necrobiosis and shedding of the epithelium was evident, and the mitotic figures of intestinal crypt increased significantly. The reduction of the villi to crypts ratio may indicate that the villi of small intestine were covered by relatively immature enterocytes, which may, partially, account for the malabsorption in giardiasis (Figs. 1-3).
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PMID:[Further studies on the mongolian jird model of Giardia lamblia]. 259 Oct 34

A 10-year-old mentally retarded girl from an asylum in northern Taiwan was diagnosed to have giardiasis with malabsorption syndrome at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital in 1983. A survey for giardiasis in 239 children living in the same asylum was therefore performed. Stool specimens were collected from all children, and giardia was examined simultaneously by formalin-ether concentration method and polyvinyl alcohol preservation followed by Trichrome stain. Forty one cases (17.2%) of giardiasis were detected by the former method while 48 cases (20.1%) by the latter method. Abnormally low stool trypsin activity was found in 38 of the 42 cases (90.5%) tested and the activity returned to normal in 50% of patients after successful treatment. Endoscopic examination and intestinal biopsy of upper gastrointestinal tract were performed in 12 cases. Among them, 4 were found to have nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphoid hyperplasia in 7, and increased mononuclear cell infiltration in lamina propria in 7. Forty patients were treated with metronidazole 250 mg three times a day for 5 days. Follow-up stool examinations revealed that 12 children (30%) still passed giardia in their stools 4 months after treatment. Reinfection and inadequate sensitivity of the initial screening test may be used to account for such a high rate of treatment failure.
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PMID:[A survey of giardiasis in an asylum for mentally retarded children]. 263 94

A patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) who presented with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel, and intestinal giardiasis was studied. A diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma with small bowel, skin, and hepatic involvement subsequently developed in the patient. Light microscopy of the tumor revealed tissue infiltration with mononuclear cells having the morphologic features of T-lymphocytes. The malignant lymphocytes had characteristics of T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells as established by the absence of surface immunoglobulin and Leu 3 surface markers, and the presence of OKT3 and OKT8 surface markers. Peripheral blood lymphocyte studies revealed an increased number of T-suppressor cells, a reversal of the helper-suppressor ratio, and a generalized state of hyporesponsiveness to mitogen and antigen stimulation. No evidence of retroviral reverse transcriptase activity was detected in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The association between CVH and a lymphoma composed of cells with T-suppressor/cytotoxic surface markers has not been previously reported. The postulated role of T-suppressor cells in the failure of immunoglobulin synthesis in some forms of CVH suggests that the finding of a T-suppressor/cytotoxic cell lymphoma complicating CVH may be more than fortuitous.
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PMID:Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia complicated by an unusual T-suppressor/cytotoxic cell lymphoma. 294 34

The kinetics of anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) response were studied in susceptible (A/J) and resistant (B10.A) mice during infection with Giardia muris. Mice infected with G. muris were found to be less responsive to either intraperitoneally or intraduodenally administered SRBC. Immunodepression was of relatively short duration, occurring during the period of highest trophozoite density in the small intestine, and was present in both spleen and, in particular, mesenteric lymph node cell populations. The main difference in the kinetics of anti-SRBC responses between A/J and B10.A mice was that susceptible mice were significantly less responsive to SRBCs than were the resistant B10.A animals. The difference in the kinetics of the anti-SRBC response between A/J and B10.A mice was not due to T-suppressor cell activity. Mesenteric lymph node cell transfers but not spleen cell transfers from infected mice to syngeneic recipients caused depressed normal anti-SRBC response. Furthermore, administration of the soluble extract of the trophozoites to uninfected mice resulted in a depressed response against SRBCs. Pronounced immunodepression in gut-associated lymphoid tissues may be more relevant than systemic immunodepression to survival and reproduction of trophozoites in murine giardiasis.
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PMID:Suppression of primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in susceptible and resistant mice infected with Giardia muris. 315 15

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the upper small intestine was demonstrated in 25 patients with giardiasis. All had normal serum immunoglobulin levels and seven patients initially presented with clinical findings suggestive of an abdominal lymphoma. In only two, however, was the diagnosis of primary jejunal lymphoma confirmed. It is possible that an aetiological relationship exists between recurrent parasitic infestation and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the upper small intestine.
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PMID:Small intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in patients with giardiasis and normal serum immunoglobulins. 685 22

We have studied three cases of patients with lymphoid nodular duodenal hyperplasia, two of them being in the child group. We observed giardiasis in one of the cases of this child group. Also vague dyspeptical complaints in all cases were noticed. The diagnostics were based on the results obtained with endoscopy, later confirmed by hystological tests. We found two cases with absence of IgA without alterations in IgG and IgM when using immunoeletrophoresis.
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PMID:[Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the duodenum: study of 3 cases]. 721 29

A case of 26-year-old male patient is presented. He developed a "sprue-like" syndrome, giardiasis and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. After the immunological study, the common variable immunodeficiency diagnosis was established. Pathogenic and diagnosis aspects were analyzed. Therapeutic response was excellent.
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PMID:[A patient with gastrointestinal manifestations and the common variable immunodeficiency syndrome]. 798 2

In patients with chronic diarrhoea investigations exceptionally reveal a common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. A 42-year old man presenting with chronic bronchitis and asymptomatic post-hepatitis B cirrhosis was hospitalized for evaluation of a chronic diarrhoea accompanied by altered general condition. Investigations detected global hypogammaglobulinaemia, diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel, and lambliasis. Treatment with gammaglobulins and antibiotics resulted in disappearance of symptoms. This was a rare disease due to a primary disorder where global hypogammaglobulinaemia was associated with a normal number of circulating B-cells. Prognosis was cautious in view of the risk of malignant proliferation.
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PMID:[Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. A rare cause of chronic diarrhea. A case]. 827 24

Because the gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, it is not surprising that patients with immunodeficiency would present with pathological conditions in the intestine. Several studies have documented a high prevalence of inflammatory, malignant, and infectious gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in patients with common variable immunodeficiency or immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency. Interestingly, it has become increasingly apparent that antibody deficiency alone does not result in GI disease. Rather, defects in cellular immunity appear to predispose to a sprue-like disorder, pernicious anemia, giardiasis, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and even inflammatory bowel disease. In patients with unusual inflammatory GI disorders, measurement of serum immunoglobulins should be obtained.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders. 900 Apr 99

A 25-year-old male was hospitalized for diarrhea and weight loss. Since childhood he had experienced recurrent episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea. Physical and laboratory findings were compatible with malabsorption. On endoscopy, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the small intestine was found. Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID) was suspected and diagnosis was established by demonstrating a significant reduction of plasma gamma-globulin levels. Immediately after starting immunoglobulin treatment diarrhea stopped, and both incidence and severity of pulmonary infections were significantly reduced, while recurrent gastrointestinal infections (notably lambliasis and Campylobacter infections) continued to occur and both bronchiectases and splenomegaly were progressive over years. This case report focuses on CVID as a potential underlying cause of diarrhea. The most important complications of the disease are presented. Therapeutical options are discussed in the light of recently published data.
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PMID:[Diarrhea and weight loss in common variable immunodeficiency]. 1524 8


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