Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with B cell deficiency have a high incidence of prolonged Giardia lamblia infection of the gastrointestinal tract that causes symptoms of malabsorption with villus flattening. The changes are reversible with therapy directed against Giardia. There is a high incidence of pernicious anaemia in patients with agammaglobulinaemia. Those with abnormal B lymphocytes tend to develop lymphoid nodular hyperplasia. Gastrointestinal disease is rare in boys with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia when compared with adults with the 'acquired' or common variable form of the disease. T cell deficiency results in intractable diarrhoea and monilial infection of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications of immunodeficiency syndromes. 34 24

Marshak has emphasized the role of the gastrointestinal tract as a major immunologic organ and described the radiologic findings of immunoglobulin deficiency diseases of the small intestine. According to his classification the radiologic findings include multiple nodular defects, edema and increased secretions associated with Giardiasis, a sprue-like pattern, and thickened folds. In this report, the role of the intestine in the immune response is briefly reviewed and several of the radiologic features of immune deficiency diseases and those of benign nodular lymphoid hyperplasia are illustrated.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin deficiency diseases of the intestine. 35 42

The natural history of Giardia muris has been studied in inbred mouse strains and hypothymic (nude) mice derived from a specific pathogen-free facility. Although giardiasis was readily established in several mouse strains, marked variation was observed in the time course of spontaneous elimination of the parasite. During a 10-week study, fecal excretion of Giardia cysts remained relatively constant in C3H/He mice, but decreased at a variable rate in other mouse strains. Resistance to reinfection was greater in strains in which the duration of primary infection was relatively short. Hypothymic (nude) mice derived from a strain showing a relatively rapid elimination of Giardia (BALB/c) maintained a stable infection with high cyst counts. Nude mice reconstituted with lymphoid cells from syngeneic thymus-intact mice showed a progressive reduction in cyst excretion and reconstitution with limited numbers of lymphoid cells from thymus-intact mice previously exposed to Giardia accelerated resolution of infection. In nude mice, giardiasis was associated with a reduction in the villus-crypt ratio of jejunal mucosa, but the degree of change was greater in nude mice reconstituted with lymphoid cells. This Giardia model involving inbred strains and nude mice permits further dissection of the function of thymus-derived cells in intestinal immune responses and induction of changes in small bowel morphology.
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PMID:Giardiasis in mice. I. Prolonged infections in certain mouse strains and hypothymic (nude) mice. 40 Oct 94

Fifty patients with late-onset idiopathic immunoglobulin deficiency were studied and the frequency of various clinical associations and complications was observed. Men and women were equally affected, although the age at onset in men peaked in the third decade whereas it was more uniformly distributed in women. Sinobronchopulmonary infections were common and were caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus: bronchiectasis occurred in 28 per cent. Thirty patients (60 per cent) had diarrhea, which was often associated with steatorrhea, giardiasis, achlorhydria, abnormal Schilling tests and morphologic abnormalities on small bowel biopsy specimens, including nodular lymphoid hyperplasia; three patients had pernicious anemia. In the 20 patients without diarrhea these abnormalities were not observed except for giardiasis in one patient and achlorhydria in two patients. Cholelithiasis occurred in both groups in about a third of the patients tested. A high degree of susceptibility to neoplasia was noted. Thyroid abnormalities, including primary hypothyroidism and Graves' disease, were observed in six patients. Additional occasional findings were vitiligo, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and arthritis. Splenomegaly occurred in 14 (28 per cent) patients. The percentage of B lymphocytes in the blood was determined in 10 patients; it was normal or slightly decreased in eight patients and low in two patients.
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PMID:Idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency. Clinical observations in 50 patients. 78 41

We had a patient with primary acquired hypogammaglobulinemia (PAH), nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, giardiasis, and the subsequent development of regional enteritis (RE). The case is of interest because the development of regional enteritis in a patient with PAH has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. The interaction of hypogammaglobulinemia and RE is discussed from an immunologic point of view. The report adds RE to the many known bowel diseases associated with PAH.
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PMID:Primary acquired hypogammaglobulinemia and regional enteritis. 90 Oct 97

We have investigated small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac disease, acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and giardiasis, to find out if a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count is a feature specific to coeliac disease, or whether it is always associated with partial or subtotal villous atrophy. The results indicate that the normal range for childrens' intraepithelial lymphocyte counts is similar to that for adults (around 6-40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells); that counts are high in coeliac disease, but also in some children with giardiasis or with failure to thrive in whom the jejunal biopsy appears otherwise normal; and that intraepithelial lymphocyte counts are normal in acute gastroenteritis even when there is partial villous atrophy with increased lamina propria lymphoid cell infiltrate. Thus, this measurement of small intestinal lymphocyte infiltration may be of diagnostic value is differentiating the diarrhoea of food intolerance from infectious diarrhoeas in young children.
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PMID:Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in small intestinal biopsies from children with diarrhoea. 96 7

Giardia lamblia infestation can cause severe diarrhea and malabsorption, and the diagnosis is usually made by identification of cysts in the feces, but small intestinal biopsy or smears may be required. A wide spectrum of roentgen changes may be seen. In patients with a normal immune status, the small bowel is normal or shows an inflammatory bowel disease pattern. Eradication of the parasite reverses these changes. In some patients with IgA deficiency, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia occurs, and this is usually not reversible. Other patients with hypogammaglobulinemia or dysgammaglobulinemia and giardiasis may show a sprue pattern. This pattern most often persists after eradication of the parasite. Although the triad of giardiasis, IgA deficiency, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia has a particularly high association, these, together with diarrhea, malabsorption, and various altered immune states may occur in any combination.
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PMID:Current perspectives on giardiasis. 110 21

Fifteen cases of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the bowel in patients aged 17 months to 15 years are reported. Fourteen patients had NLH confined to the small bowel and one had involvement of both the small bowel and colon. Mean age at diagnosis was 10 years. The most common presenting symptoms were intestinal manifestations (86%). Diagnosis was suspected upon roentgenographic studies in one case and digestive endoscopy in ten cases. Histologic confirmation was obtained in all fifteen patients. Immunohistochemical studies, done in 8 patients, demonstrated a paucity of IgA plasmocytes in one patient with an immune deficiency and a polyclonal plasmocyte population with mainly IgA plasmocytes in the seven other patients. Five patients had a deficiency in humoral immunity, with variable expression hypogammaglobulinemia in three patients and IgA deficiency in two; intestinal giardiasis was found in eight patients. Histologic outcome was documented in five cases; evidence of NLH disappeared in only one patient. Metronidazole improved clinical symptoms in most instances.
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PMID:[Lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine in children. 15 cases]. 149 85

The clinical-pathological characteristics of 11 patients with intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (INLH) are described. Five fulfilled the criteria for Herman's syndrome and presented all or several of the following alterations: dysgammaglobulinemia, recurrent respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, pneumonia and giardiasis; of the remaining six cases, in five gammaglobulin levels were not quantified and in one they were normal. All the patients in this group suffered from recurrent pharyngotonsillitis, and Giardia lamblia was isolated in four. In both groups the INLH occurred in young patients with an average age of 21 years. Eight of the 11 were men. The most frequent symptoms included diarrhea, steatorrhea and weight loss. Radiologically, INLH usually was a finding affecting the jejunum and/or the ileum. Prominent lymph nodes in mucosa and submucosa were documented histologically in all cases, and a large decrease or absence of plasma cells in the lamina propria was seen in 7 of the 11. In spite of the diversity in the treatment schemes instituted, symptoms persisted for months or years after diagnosis. In two cases (one with dysgammaglobulinemia and one without) associated intestinal lymphoma existed. Other associated diseases included non-deforming joint arthritis, erythema nodosum, and intestinal infection by E. coli and Entamoeba histolytica.
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PMID:[Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine. Clinico-pathologic characteristics in 11 cases]. 227 Mar 66

120 patients with Giardia lamblia infection diagnosed by biliary drainage or jejunal mucosa smear are studied. 80 patients showed frequent reinfections by the parasites (recurrent giardiasis). A study is made of T and B lymphoid populations in peripheral blood, which were reduced in all patients with giardiasis in relation with the control group (p less than 0.01). Changes were more pronounced in relapsing than in non-relapsing patients. Retarded in vivo hypersensitivity tests with memory and recognizing antigens did not show significant differences between the experimental and control group. Serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA differed (p less than 0.01) between patients and controls at the expense of an IgA increase and IgG and IgM decrease, although these variations were not significant between relapsing and non-relapsing patients. It is concluded that the immunity status of the host is of interest in the clinical picture of patients with giardiasis and therefore must be a factor to be considered in the study of Giardia lamblia infected patients.
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PMID:[Giardiasis. Aspects of humoral and cellular immunity]. 248 21


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