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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe here an intensive outbreak of mostly symptomatic (90%) Giardia lamblia infestation in a Swedish student group visiting the U.S.S.R. A new antiflagellate drug, ethyl (2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazolyl)ethyl) sulphone, tinidazole, Pfizer, was given in a dosage of 150 mg twice daily for seven days to 10 healthy volunteers and to 24 students infested with G. lamblia. The drug was found to be effective in curing giardiasis and in eradicating G. lamblia from the intestinal tract. All the students with symptomatic giardia infestation became free from gastrointestinal disturbance, usually soon after treatment was started. None of the 24 students had G. lamblia in their stools after tinidazole treatment was discontinued or at follow-up. No side effects of the drug were seen and all of the subjects tolerated it very well.
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PMID:Outbreak of giardiasis: effect of a new antiflagellate drug, tinidazole. 503 61

A survey of intestinal parasitosis was conducted in Martinique by INSERM in 1978. The survey used a stratified sample of 823 households from the general population. The most prevalent parasitosis are: schistosomiasis 19%; ancylostomiasis 18%; trichuriasis 37%; ascaridiasis 7%; strongiloidiasis 3%. 70% of the 5 to 15 age group carries at least 1 parasite. The prevalence of trichuriasis, ascaridiasis and giardiasis is greatest in the 5 to 15 age group, Ancylostomiasis concerns mostly the 15 to 30 age group. Schistosomiasis, was most prevalent in adults over 30 years of age. Prevalence of parasitosis in rural regions is double that of urbanised regions. Schistosomiasis mostly occurs in the north. Ascaridiasis in the north-east. Rainfall and housing status, each influence on the rates of infestation.
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PMID:[Incident of intestinal parasitosis in Martinique]. 662 53

Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. Patients' symptoms are non-specific and seldom helpful in diagnosing particular diseases. The practitioner must be prepared to identify a number of infections with similar presentations that may occur singly or together in gay men. Gonorrhea is probably the most common bacterial infection in gay men. Carriage rates as high as 50% have been reported, and extra-genital carriage is common; this necessitates culturing the urethra, rectum, and pharynx. Procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients; spectinomycin is probably the drug of choice in penicillin-sensitive patients. In contrast to other venereal diseases, syphilis may have a characteristic protoscopic presentation. Benzathine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients. Lymphogranuloma venereum causes penile lesions and inguinal lymphadenitis in heterosexual men, whereas homosexual men are more prone to proctitis. The disease may mimic Crohn's disease. Recommended treatment includes tetracycline or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Shigellosis usually presents as an acute diarrheal illness. Patients generally require only supportive treatment with fluids. Herpes simplex viral infection is difficult to diagnose and has several different presentations, including lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Symptomatic treatment with sitz baths, anesthetic ointment, and analgesics is recommended. Venereal warts are believed to be caused by the same virus that causes verrucous warts; they are usually found in the anal canal or around the anal orifice. They are commonly treated with 25% podophyllin solution. Parasitic infections include giardiasis, amebiasis, and pinworm infections. Metronidazole may be used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis and amebiasis, but it is not approved for the former indication; quinacrine is approved for giardiasis. Pinworm infestation may be treated with pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole. Cure of enteric diseases in homosexual men must be documented.
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PMID:Enteric diseases of homosexual men. 676 90

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the upper small intestine was demonstrated in 25 patients with giardiasis. All had normal serum immunoglobulin levels and seven patients initially presented with clinical findings suggestive of an abdominal lymphoma. In only two, however, was the diagnosis of primary jejunal lymphoma confirmed. It is possible that an aetiological relationship exists between recurrent parasitic infestation and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the upper small intestine.
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PMID:Small intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in patients with giardiasis and normal serum immunoglobulins. 685 22

Jejunal mucosa biopsies from non-immune deficient patients with Giardia lamblia infestation were examined and showed three different groups of mucosal changes, distinguishable on morphological and immunohistochemical grounds. In three patients no morphological or immunohistochemical abnormalities were found (group A). In five patients a normal villous architecture was seen. These biopsies had increased numbers of interepithelial lymphocytes and of immunoglobulin containing cells in the lamina propria, with a relative increase of the number of IgA and IgG containing cells (group B). Two patients with a malabsorption syndrome due to giardiasis had marked villous atrophy, documented by morphometric measurements and large numbers of interepithelial lymphocytes and of immunoglobulin containing cells in the lamina propria, especially IgA and IgG (group C). These findings differ considerably from those in patients with immunodeficiency or gluten sensitive enteropathy. This suggests that when villous atrophy of the jejunal mucosa is found immunohistochemistry of jejunal biopsy specimens may be helpful in the differential diagnosis between mere giardiasis and giardiasis superimposed on immunodeficiency or gluten sensitive enteropathy.
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PMID:Quantitative histological and immunohistochemical findings in jejunal biopsy specimens in giardiasis. 729 76

In the group of 81 children infected with Giardia lamblia, the chosen parameters of cellular and humoral immunity as well as the effect of allergic costitution on the clinical picture of giardiasis were evaluated. Both cellular and humoral immunity disorders were found in patients with a chronic form of infestation. An allergic constitution coexisting with giardiasis promotes the chronicity of this parasitosis and a progressing allergization.
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PMID:Allergic constitution and immunological condition of children infected with giardia lamblia. 877 21

Giardia has been frequently implicated as a causative agent for acute as well as chronic diarrheal diseases in children. The present study was aimed at exploring the determinants of manifestations of Giardiasis in childhood, in relation to various host and parasite related factors. A total of 200 children with acute (100), chronic (50) or without (50) diarrhea in last 15 days were recruited for the study and evaluated with regards to nutritional status, serum immunoglobulins, secretory IgA levels, presence of Giardia in stool/duodenal aspirate/duodenal biopsy specimen and for associated infections. Lysates from acute giardiasis cases were further studied for zymodeme (banding) pattern. After correlation of all investigations, humoral immune defect in the host was found to be the major determinant of whether the Giardial infestation would be symptomatic or not, while associated bacterial infections and zymodeme patterns were not found to be important in determining the pathogenicity or presentation of giardiasis.
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PMID:Determinants of symptomatic giardiasis in childhood. 878 80

Ivermectin, a broad spectrum antiparasitic agent has become a promising drug for treating parasitic infection and infestation. This study was carried out to investigate its activity against two common protozoal infection, giardiasis and cryptsporidiosis in a rat model. The results of this study showed that ivermectin therapy is effective against both parasites at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg.
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PMID:Effect of ivermectin on combined intestinal protozoal infection (giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis). 891 27

The course and outcomes of bronchial obstruction were reviewed for clonorchiasis, metagonimosis, lambliasis. Bronchial obstruction is shown to run more aggressive course in Trematoda infestation with further transformation into bronchial asthma despite dehelminthization. In lambliasis current antiparasitic therapy is able to abolish the obstruction. In combination of lambliasis with bronchial asthma it is feasible to achieve a persistent remission of bronchial asthma.
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PMID:[Parasitic invasions and bronchial obstruction]. 899 16

Salivary gland necrosis has been described in dogs and is characterised by enlarged, hard, painful salivary glands, retching and vomiting or regurgitation. The cause has yet to be determined. A retrospective study of 19 dogs with the same clinical signs was undertaken for breed, age, gender, history and presenting signs, diagnostic evaluations and findings, treatment and outcome. An underlying association was identified in 16 of the 19 dogs. This included Spirocerca lupi infestation (seven dogs), megaoesophagus (three dogs) and oesophagitis, oesophageal diverticulum, giardiasis and suspected autoimmune sialadenitis. Almost all associated lesions involved the oesophagus. Where the associated disease was successfully treated, the salivary glands returned to normal and all clinical signs resolved. It is hypothesised that an afferent vagal reflex may be involved, and that the mechanism of disease is similar to the neural pathogenesis suggested for hypertrophic osteopathy; in this instance, the efferent targets are the salivary glands rather than the limbs.
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PMID:Salivary gland necrosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 19 cases. 955 79


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