Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Giardia duodenalis is a waterborne protozoan parasite that causes the diarrhoeal disease, giardiasis. Its durable and thick cell wall allows the parasite to exhibit resistance to environmental stresses. Because G. duodenalis exists in a water system at low levels, it is necessary to develop a sensitive method to detect its viability in aquatic environments. In the present study, specific primers for the heat shock protein (hsp) 70 gene were designed on the basis of G. duodenalis genome sequence and bioinformatic analysis. Viable G. duodenalis cysts were successfully distinguished by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis using these primers. The amplicon of hsp70 was obtained from one cyst of G. duodenalis/100 microl, and this detection sensitivity significantly increased by 10(3)-fold when the cysts were given heat shock treatment. These findings prove that viable G. duodenalis cysts were successfully detected with a high degree of sensitivity by RT-PCR analysis targeting the hsp70 gene of G. duodenalis, thereby suggesting its practical potential for detecting viable G. duodenalis in environmental samples.
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PMID:Giardia duodenalis: improved detection of viable cysts by reverse transcription-PCR of heat shock-inducible hsp70 gene. 1970 45

Non-human primates (NHPs) are commonly infected with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. However, molecular characterisation of these pathogens from NHPs remains scarce. In this study, 2,660 specimens from 26 NHP species in China were examined and characterised by PCR amplification of 18S rRNA, 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene loci for Cryptosporidium; and 1,386 of the specimens by ssrRNA, triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene loci for Giardia. Cryptosporidium was detected in 0.7% (19/2660) specimens of four NHP species including rhesus macaques (0.7%), cynomolgus monkeys (1.0%), slow lorises (10.0%) and Francois' leaf monkeys (6.7%), belonging to Cryptosporidium hominis (14/19) and Cryptosporidium muris (5/19). Two C. hominis gp60 subtypes, IbA12G3 and IiA17 were observed. Based on the tpi locus, G. duodenalis was identified in 2.2% (30/1,386) of specimens including 2.1% in rhesus macaques, 33.3% in Japanese macaques, 16.7% in Assam macaques, 0.7% in white-headed langurs, 1.6% in cynomolgus monkeys and 16.7% in olive baboons. Sequence analysis of the three targets indicated that all of the Giardia-positive specimens belonged to the zoonotic assemblage B. Highest sequence polymorphism was observed at the tpi locus, including 11 subtypes: three known and eight new ones. Phylogenetic analysis of the subtypes showed that most of them were close to the so-called subtype BIV. Intragenotypic variations at the gdh locus revealed six types of sequences (three known and three new), all of which belonged to so-called subtype BIV. Three specimens had co-infection with C. hominis (IbA12G3) and G. duodenalis (BIV). The presence of zoonotic genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in NHPs suggests that these animals can potentially contribute to the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis.
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PMID:Multilocus typing of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis from non-human primates in China. 2514 45