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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although improved sanitation in the United States has resulted in a general diminution in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, some, such as enterobiasis, are not reduced by improved environmental or water sanitation and others, such as amebiasis and hookworm infection, persist in foci. Other infections, notably giardiasis, have increased due to the travels of American tourists in other countries where environmental sanitation is poor. North American physicians, therefore, may expect at some time to have to treat parasitic infections. Favored chemotherapeutic agents currently are: for amebiasis--metronidazole and diiodohydroxyquin; for giardiasis--metronidazole; for tapeworm infections--niclosamide; for enterobiasis--pyrantel pamoate, piperazine citrate, or pyrvinium pamoate; for ascariasis--piperazine citrate; for stronglyoidiasis--thiabendazole; for trichuriasis--mebendazole; for hookworm infection--pyrantel pamoate; for schistosomiasis japonica--tartar emetic; and for schistosomiasis mansoni--niridazole.
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PMID:Treatment of intestinal parasitic disease. 93 16

A total of 276 patients with taeniasis alone and taeniasis associated with enterobiasis or lambliasis were involved in the study. The most prevalent features in patients of all the three groups were combinations of the painful, dyspeptic and astheno-vegetative syndromes, the least so--an isolated astheno-vegetative syndrome. Combinations of these syndromes more frequently occur in taeniasis concomitant with enterobiasis (61% vs. 51% in taeniasis alone). Associations of taeniasis with enterobiasis or lambliasis are more frequently diagnosed in children. Combinations of the three syndromes were revealed in the patients with taeniasis coursing against the background of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, cholepathies: in 79% vs. 33.3% in an uncomplicated course. Fenasal therapy for 3 days in a daily dose of 3 g proved fairly effective: 85.7 +/- 6.3% of adults and 82.6 +/- 6.4% of children recovered.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the clinical course of taeniarhynchiasis and its combination with enterobiasis and lambliasis and fenasal treatment]. 129 55

Ecto and endoparasites are still one of the public health problems in Egypt. This is particularly true among school students who are exposed to the parasitic infections or infestations by autoinfection or by contagious. In this paper, two primary schools were selected in Qualyob City, Qualyobia Governorate (in the Nile Delta). Examination of 486 school children (6-12 years old) revealed pediculosis (16.04), schistosomiasis (8.8%), amoebiasis (7.81%), giardiasis (9.05%), taeniasis saginata (0.41%), ascariasis (9.05%), enterobiasis (0.9%) and hymenolepiasis nana (9.87%). It was found that ectoparasites (lice) represented 17.8% of the total parasites detected in the children. Endoparasites transmitted by autoinfection represented 43.02%, those transmitted by skin penetration represented 9.84%, those transmitted by meat consumption represented 0.45% and by other modes of infection represented 28.8%. It was concluded that school children are the group of individuals at risk. They spend long time outside their homes in a crowd area. Besides, they convey the parasites, particularly those transmitted by contagious and autoinfection to their family members.
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PMID:Ecto and endoparasites in two primary schools in Qualyob City, Egypt. 190 97

To extend information on the current distribution and frequency of parasitic infections in Egypt, one stool and one urine specimen from 2945 children, aged 6 to 12 years old were examined. The children were from 10 schools, one in Cairo, 2 in Giza Governorate, and 7 in the Nile delata. Frequency rates for S. mansoni by school were 0.3% in Cairo, 8-15% in Giza, and 3-79% in the delta; for S. haematobium, rates were 3% in Cairo, 25-71% in Giza, and 0-33% in the delta. Rates for strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, and trichostrongliasis were low in each location never exceeding 1%. Frequency rates for ascariasis were 3-31%, ancylostomiasis 3-8%, enterobiasis 2-22%, hymenolepiasis 4-20%, amebiasis 13-52%, and giardiasis 5-25%. F. hepatica infections (0.01%) were found in Sobtas, and an 8% H. heterophyes infection rate was found in Mataryia.
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PMID:Intestinal helminthic and protozoal infections and urinary schistosomiasis in Egyptian children. 211 Feb 31

A study on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a group of homosexual men, attending a sexually-transmitted diseases clinic in Glasgow, was undertaken. Of 118 men examined over an eight-month period, four, one of whom had symptoms of dysentery, were found to be infected with Entamoeba histolytica. Cysts of Iodamoeba buetschlii were also found in the stool of one of these men. A further two patients had giardiasis, and 11 men had enterobiasis. The importance of an awareness of these conditions is discussed.
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PMID:Intestinal parasites in homosexual men. 625 24

Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. Patients' symptoms are non-specific and seldom helpful in diagnosing particular diseases. The practitioner must be prepared to identify a number of infections with similar presentations that may occur singly or together in gay men. Gonorrhea is probably the most common bacterial infection in gay men. Carriage rates as high as 50% have been reported, and extra-genital carriage is common; this necessitates culturing the urethra, rectum, and pharynx. Procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients; spectinomycin is probably the drug of choice in penicillin-sensitive patients. In contrast to other venereal diseases, syphilis may have a characteristic protoscopic presentation. Benzathine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients. Lymphogranuloma venereum causes penile lesions and inguinal lymphadenitis in heterosexual men, whereas homosexual men are more prone to proctitis. The disease may mimic Crohn's disease. Recommended treatment includes tetracycline or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Shigellosis usually presents as an acute diarrheal illness. Patients generally require only supportive treatment with fluids. Herpes simplex viral infection is difficult to diagnose and has several different presentations, including lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Symptomatic treatment with sitz baths, anesthetic ointment, and analgesics is recommended. Venereal warts are believed to be caused by the same virus that causes verrucous warts; they are usually found in the anal canal or around the anal orifice. They are commonly treated with 25% podophyllin solution. Parasitic infections include giardiasis, amebiasis, and pinworm infections. Metronidazole may be used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis and amebiasis, but it is not approved for the former indication; quinacrine is approved for giardiasis. Pinworm infestation may be treated with pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole. Cure of enteric diseases in homosexual men must be documented.
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PMID:Enteric diseases of homosexual men. 676 90

The prevalence of most sexually transmitted diseases is disproportionately increased in gay men and paradoxically decreased in lesbian women. The spectrum of diseases seen in gay men include a variety of enteric infections including hepatitis A, shigellosis, salmonellosis, Campylobacter enteritis, amebiasis, giardiasis, and enterobiasis as well as the more common sexually transmitted diseases. Hepatitis B is endemic in gay male populations. The patterns of sexual behavior are the major factors contributing to this unique epidemiology and pathology. Increased sexual activity explained by the unrestrained cultural expectation of maleness, the functional overlap during sex between the genital-urinary and gastrointestinal systems, and anonymous sexual activity are all significant epidemiologic components.
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PMID:Hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases in gay men and in lesbians. 689 98

In addition to gonorrhea and syphilis, both of which may develop primarily at anorectal or pharyngeal sites, a number of conditions, including Neisseria meningitidis urethritis, nonspecific urethritis, anorectal herpes, condyloma acuminatum, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis, typhoid fever, enterobiasis, and hepatitis A and B, have been identified as being transmitted by male homosexual contact. Proctologic complications of anal intercourse include allergic reactions to anal lubricants, prolapsed hemorrhoids, and fistulas, and fissures. Rectosigmoid tears may result from fist, forearm, and foreign body penetration of the bowel. Physicians can best help their homosexual patients by accepting them and their relationships nonjudgmentally and by understanding their special health needs.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases and traumatic problems in homosexual men. 699 80

Infection with intestinal parasites is a common problem among poor, urban populations in African countries and the Middle East. The authors assessed the prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites among children younger than five years old in an urban community in Khartoum and the factors involved. The community-based prospective study was conducted from March 1990 to February 1991. Soldiers and their families comprise a total of 25,400 individuals residing in ten camps in different areas of Khartoum. Each family has a two-room brick house with kitchen, piped water, and a pit latrine. Most families, however, have no refrigerator, so food is prepared daily and kept in covered containers. Drinking water is kept in large clay pots. 298 stool specimens were examined from 300 randomly selected children under five years old from three police force residential camps in Khartoum representing a total population of 4962 individuals. 116 of the samples were positive for a single parasite, while samples from 15 children showed ova and cysts for two types of parasites, giving a prevalence rate of 44%. The most common infections were giardiasis (21.1%), taeniasis (10.4%), and enterobiasis (7.4%). Nonpathogenic E. coli, E. histolytica, and Taenia saginata were detected in 2.7%, 0.7%, and 1.7% of stool specimens, respectively. Children aged 3 years and older were the most affected group, with the infection rate highest among the illiterate, overcrowded, and large-sized families. Malnourished children comprised 9.4% of the study group, but no significant association was found between undernutrition and the overall prevalence of intestinal infestations, although Giardia lamblia significantly affected the undernourished group.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors of parasitic infections among under-five Sudanese children: a community based study. 779 47

Infection caused by intestinal parasites is still a common health problem in a poor-hygiene population especially for children in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 Karen students (age: 3 to 19, males: 325, females: 456) to determine the current status of intestinal parasitic infections in a mountainous area in the North of Thailand. The study was drawn from three schools in the Doi Inthanon region, in Mae Chame district of Chiang Mai province, from December 2002 to June 2003. The techniques used for the diagnosis were: stool concentration by using the 'formalin-ether' technique and perianal region examination by using the 'Scotch-tape' technique. The average rate of intestinal parasites for the group tested using the stool concentration technique was 42.06% (male: 46.87%, females: 38.82%); and 22.66% (males: 28.92%, females: 18.20%) when using the Scotch-tape technique.Among helminth-infected individuals, enterobiasis was found at the highest prevalence (15.49%). Other common infections were ascariasis (9.78%), trichuriasis (5.90%) and hookworm infection (2.20%). Strongyloildiasis was found only in 0.92%. For protozoa infection, the major cause is the non-pathogenic species "Entamoeba coli" (27.68%). The other non-pathogenic protozoa (Endolimax nana, Chilomastix meslini and Iodamoeba butschlii) had a low prevalence from ranged 0.18%-4.79%. The prevalence of pathogenic Giardia lamblia infection was 2.21%. Entamoeba histolytica infection was found in only one case. Based on the two techniques used, the results from the Scotch-tape provided a higher sensitivity for the detection of Taenia spp. and Enterobius vermicularis eggs. Drug treatment was given to all the infected students. School-based health education should be implemented in order to prevent and control the infections.
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PMID:Prevalence of parasitism among students of the Karen hill-tribe in Mae Chame district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. 1608 2


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