Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case was that of a 21-month-old infant who presented a great inoperable Wilm's tumor that was treated with vincristine to the point of practically disappearing. Severe typhoid fever that was complicated by multiple intestinal parasitoses (ascariasis, trichuriasis, giardiasis and strongyloidiasis) appeared. Possibly, tumoral necrosis, salmonellosis and the parasitoses formed a sac that opened to the hepatic angle of the colon. Finally, multiple liver metastases were discovered and confirmed pathologically. The patient died 36 hours after surgical reexamination and liver biopsies, from causes not clearly explained. Comments are made on the diagnostic problems originated by rareness of the association of typhoid fever resistant to chloramphenicol, intestinal parasitoses and a great Wilms' tumor and the possible influence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the evolution of the case.
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PMID:[Wilms' tumor, multiple intestinal parasitosis and typhoid fever]. 19 8

To prevent diarrhea, efforts must be directed toward decreasing environmental contamination of enteropathogens, altering exposure of persons to naturally occurring agents, or to increasing host tolerance to prevalent enteropathogens. A vaccine is feasible in the control of certain enteric infections among high risk groups: typhoid fever and cholera, in areas of hyperendemicity or during an epidemic, shigellosis in institutionalized populations that are at risk to develop illness due to known prevalent serotypes, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli for US travelers to Latin America, and perhaps rotavirus for all children under 3 years of age. In diarrhea, the most useful form of treatment is an oral glucose/electrolyte solution, which in most cases will prevent dehydration. Lactose containing foods should be removed from the diet early in the course of diarrhea. Antimicrobial agents are necessary in the treatment of typhoid fever, are useful in the treatment of shigellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis, and are contraindicated in intestinal salmonellosis.
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PMID:Interventions in diarrheas of infants and young children. 35 24

Giardia is the most frequently reported intestinal parasite in Canada. More than 2,000 cases are reported annually in British Columbia which exceeds the number of cases of either campylobacteriosis or salmonellosis. Since the different ways this parasite is spread in British Columbia have not been determined, our purpose was to investigate certain factors that might be associated with acquiring giardiasis in this province. Telephone interviews provided information from a group of infected persons and from a group of non-infected control subjects. Information obtained from these interviews was used to identify associated risk factors in this group of cases. If results of the study are generalized to the population-at-risk, they indicate that water (drinking and recreational) is an important vector for transmission of Giardia in British Columbia.
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PMID:Factors associated with acquiring giardiasis in British Columbia residents. 161 59

Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diarrhea of neonatal calves should be logical and should be targeted at correction of physiologic dysfunction. Appropriate, specific antimicrobial or antiprotozoal therapy should be instituted when colibacillosis, salmonellosis, or giardiasis is confirmed or suspected. All calves with diarrhea should be rehydrated if necessary, and proper nutritional support should be provided. Antisecretory agents such as flunixin meglumine and bismuth subsalicylate may be beneficial for treatment of calves with colibacillosis and salmonellosis. Adsorbants, such as attapulgite and bismuth subsalicylate, also may reduce loss of fluids. Perhaps loperamide or a similar drug will be proven effective in calves in the future. Potentially harmful drugs include several antimicrobial agents when they are administered orally, because they result in malabsorption; kaolin and pectin, which increase loss of ions during diarrhea; and motility modifiers that cause a decrease in all types of intestinal motor function. Finally, success should be measured by indicators of production such as survivability, days treated, weight gained, and net profit. Our goal should be to restore and maintain the health of the calf, not simply to alter the volume and consistency of the feces.
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PMID:Treatment of diarrhea of neonatal calves. 176 Jul 58

This article reviews current recommendations of therapy with antidiarrheal compounds and antimicrobial agents for acute infectious diarrhea in children. In most infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea, treatment with antidiarrheal compounds is not indicated. Many of these compounds interfere with identification of enteropathogens in stool specimens, and the antimotility class has an overdose potential. Antimicrobial therapy is given to reduce symptoms and to prevent the spread of infection by decreasing fecal shedding of organisms. Although effective therapy is not available for patients with enteric viruses, Cryptosporidium, and Microsporidium, therapy is useful for children with amebiasis, antimicrobial-associated colitis, cholera, giardiasis, various forms of Escherichia coli diarrhea and Salmonella disease, isosporiasis, shigellosis, and strongyloidiasis. For several other conditions, antimicrobial therapy is of questionable benefit (infection with Campylobacter jejuni or Yersinia enterocolitica, intestinal salmonellosis and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection). Compounds such as the fluoroquinolones, which are effective in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in adults, are not approved for use in children because of potential side effects. Many bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms cause acute infectious diarrhea; appropriate antimicrobial therapy requires the accurate, rapid identification of the offending enteropathogen. In children with an underlying illness such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, manifestations may be prolonged, severe, and recurrent despite appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children. 200 52

The sensitivity of a medical center's inpatient and outpatient database to detect notifiable diseases was examined. Only 53 percent of inpatient and 7 percent of outpatient laboratory-confirmed cases of shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and hepatitis were identified by an automated search for matching diagnosis codes. Reasons for lack of sensitivity include nonavailability of laboratory results at the time of diagnosis assignment, use of a standardized encounter form with limited preselected diagnosis codes, and pre-emptying of the infectious disease diagnosis by other diagnoses.
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PMID:Use of a medical center's computerized health care database for notifiable disease surveillance. 201 68

Several anorectal diseases are described. Most are sexually transmitted (gay bowel syndrome or heterosexual transmission). The clinical aspect of nearly all of them is similar. Thus, the diagnosis usually cannot be done on clinical grounds alone: one has to request the help of the laboratory. Amebiasis, giardiasis, chancroid and donovanosis are frequent in Africa but rare in our countries, except in male homosexuals. Shigellosis, salmonellosis, pediculosis, scabies and campylobacter infections are seen in male homosexuals because of orofecal contacts. Condylomata acuminata are frequent in our country. The typical clinical aspect leads to an easy diagnosis. Electrocoagulation is the treatment of choice. Anorectal gonococcal are also frequent in our country, both homosexually and heterosexually transmitted. The clinical aspect suggests the diagnosis, but this must be confirmed by the laboratory.
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PMID:[Sexually-transmissible anorectal diseases]. 268 13

The common practice of sexual relations with many different and anonymous partners and the great variety of responsible micro-organisms account for the high incidence, growing complexity and uneasy prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of the digestive tract in male homosexuals. Syphilis, gonorrhoea, papillomas, chancroid, donovanosis, herpes virus or Chlamydia infections are known to be transmitted by anal coitus; amebiasis, giardiasis and shigellosis by oro-anal contact (faecal contamination). Still under discussion, however, are the predominant mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni, the true frequency in homosexuals of intestinal anguilluliasis, oxyuriasis and salmonellosis and the anorectal pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis, intestinal spirochetes, Mycoplasma homini, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Campylobacter-like organisms. Diagnosis is difficult since these infections are polymicrobial as a rule and often clinically asymptomatic or atypical and may be further modified by features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, traumatic lesions or anorectal tumours. Microbiological examination is an essential prerequisite to rational treatment.
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PMID:[Digestive localizations of sexually transmitted diseases in male homosexuals]. 316 35

Acute infectious diarrhoea is a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality. Some of the major diarrhoeal diseases are cholera, typhoid fever, shigellosis (bacillary dysentery), salmonellosis, "travellers' diarrhoea", and giardiasis These diseases can be avoided with proper education, sanitation, and hygiene. However, the majority of these diseases occur most frequently in areas of the world where political and social upheaval, poverty, overcrowding, and a lack of education prevail. Although vaccines are available for some of the diseases, they are not completely effective. Antimicrobial therapy is effective in decreasing the duration and severity of diarrhoea and in reducing the likelihood of relapses, complications, and death. An antimicrobial drug for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoeal disease must be relatively specific, effective, and safe, and it should not promote the development of resistant bacteria. Furazolidone (Furoxone) has been used for 30 years for the specific and symptomatic treatment of bacterial or protozoal diarrhoea and enteritis caused by susceptible organisms. Its effectiveness has often been shown to be comparable or superior to that of other drugs. In addition, the toxicity of furazolidone is relatively low, and it minimizes the development of resistant organisms. These characteristics should contribute to the continued use of furazolidone as a rational choice in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoeal diseases that occur worldwide.
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PMID:The use of furoxone: a perspective. 351 12

Due to the number of sexual encounters and variety of practices, men who have homosexual experiences have increased incidence and prevalence rates of many diseases. Diseases that are covered here include hepatitis A and B, syphilis, gonorrhea, condylomata accuminata, herpes simplex, AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) and several enteric diseases, namely amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis and salmonellosis. An overview of each disease is included along with diagnostic testing and treatment regimens. This report concludes with a system of risk assignment and recommendations for frequency of sexually transmitted disease screening.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men. 668 65


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