Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Under the aspect of systemic diseases and their manifestation in the gut the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The skin is the mirror of the intestinal tract; not only in primary gastroenterological disorders one should look for dermatological complications, but should also think in chronic skin lesions of concomitant intestinal alterations. 2. In all patients with collagen diseases a gastrointestinal involvement is very common. 3. In all endocrine disorders except in hypothyroidism diarrhea is a very common finding. 4. Infiltrations of gastrointestinal tract can be demonstrated in many cases by gastric, small bowel or rectal biopsy. 5. In all forms of dysgammaglobulinemia giardiasis is very common. 6. In right heart failure protein-losing enteropathy should be considered, in left ventricular insufficiency bowel ischemia.
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PMID:[Manifestations of systemic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract]. 96 97

A novelty of the present studies is the use of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A-1--AT) as an endogenous marker of enteric protein loss. Enteric clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin was determined in 10 patients with the symptoms of PLE, and in 6 healthy individuals. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin concentration has been assayed in single, random samples of feces collected from 42 patients and 12 healthy individuals (normal values: 1.31 +/- 0.72 mg/g of feces). Markedly increased enteric clearance and A-1-AT concentrations in single, random samples of feces have been found in patients with enteric lymphangiectasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and constrictive pericarditis, slightly lower in coeliac, chronic diarrhoea, nonspecific hemorrhagic colitis, esophagitis, lambliasis, hypogammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, hepatitis in newborn, and Gilbert's disease. Statistically significant positive clearance has been noted (r = 0.997; p less than .001). A single assay of A-1-AT in feces is simple, repeatable, and sensitive technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of these diseases in which the symptoms of enteric protein loss are seen.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin as an endogenous marker of protein-losing enteropathies]. 143 95

Giardia lamblia infection was documented by jejunal biopsy in a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with acute onset of hypoproteinemia due to protein-losing enteropathy. All symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings resolved with anti-Giardia therapy. This is only the second case report of giardiasis with documented protein-losing enteropathy. Further application of the fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin assay may help to clarify the relationship between Giardia infection and protein-losing enteropathy and its role in development of malnutrition.
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PMID:Giardiasis with protein-losing enteropathy: diagnosis by fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin determination. 230 79

Generalized edema and ascites were the main presenting features of giardiasis in a 3-year-old boy. Hypoalbuminemia, jejunal villous atrophy, Giardia lamblia in the duodenal aspirate, and abnormal gastrointestinal protein loss were present before therapy with metronidazole. Eradication of parasites resulted in complete clinical, histological, and biochemical remission. Giardiasis must now be included in the etiology of protein-losing enteropathy.
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PMID:Giardiasis with protein-losing enteropathy. 398 70

In Dakar, through histopathological biopsies, the author looked for duodenal alterations in four parasitosis: giardiasis, strongyloidiasis, hookworms and ascaridiosis. He gives an overall survey on malabsorption in relation with intestinal parasitosis, including intestinal capillariosis and coccidiosis. He recalls basic concepts concerning each of these parasitic diseases, with a special mention to mucosal invasion and endogenous self reinfection during some parasitosis; he also emphasizes the importance of some diagnosis techniques (such as examination of duodenal fluid in relation to giardiasis). Anatomical lesions (villi atrophia and chorion cellular infiltration) were the starting point to study such as intestinal malabsorption. But these lesions are neither specific nor regular. Other causes must be determined such as direct action of the parasite, bacterial overgrowth, exudative enteropathy. The role played by host factors seems to be of the utmost importance in giardiasis and strongyloidiasis (antibody deficiency proteinic malnutrition). The part played by the parasite biomass is unquestionable in hookworm disease (hypoalbuminuria, anemia) and a great number of worms in ascaridiasis worsens a preexisting condition of malnutrition. Finally, intestinal parasitosis, with a special mention to giardiasis and strongyliasis, may be responsible for a malabsorption syndrome. They must be identified through reliable diagnosis tests, prior to referring to "idiopathic malabsorption syndrome in Tropical areas".
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PMID:[Malabsorption syndrome and intestinal parasitosis]. 664 78

Malabsorption is a well-known complication of infection with Giardia lamblia. However, selective protein-losing enteropathy is rare. We report a child with anasarca due to hypoalbuminemia as a result of gastrointestinal protein loss. Investigations established giardiasis as the etiology. The child returned to normal health after treatment with metronidazole.
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PMID:Intestinal giardiasis: an unusual cause for hypoproteinemia. 1065 92

An increasing number of laboratory tests are available for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract diseases in dogs and cats. Use of these tests can lead to more accurate and rapid diagnoses. This review discusses laboratory tests, both new and old, and the role they currently play in the evaluation of animals presented with gastrointestinal problems. A minimum database helps assess the severity of the disorder, detect extra-gastrointestinal causes of problems and assists in formulating diagnostic and therapeutic plans. Faecal examination remains one of the most important diagnostic procedures in the investigation of gastrointestinal problems. Zinc sulphate faecal flotation is an excellent routine screening technique for helminth and protozoal infections, including giardiasis. Rectal cytology can assist in the diagnosis of large bowel disorders. Interpretation of faecal immunodiagnostic tests is hampered by insufficient knowledge of test sensitivities and specificities. Routine faecal cultures are not warranted and faecal occult blood tests are rarely indicated. Serum tests for gastric inflammation are now under development. The serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity test remains the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Breath hydrogen tests can be helpful in assessing the functional relevance of mild abnormalities in small-bowel biopsy specimens. Subnormal concentrations of serum cobalamin appear to be more specific indicators of gastrointestinal disease in cats than in dogs. Tests for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth remain controversial and assessment of gastrointestinal permeability has yet to prove its value in the diagnostic assessment of companion animals with gastrointestinal problems. Faecal alpha1-protease inhibitor shows promise for the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy.
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PMID:Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract diseases of dogs and cats. 1603 43

The gastrointestinal tract possesses a huge epithelial surface area and performs many different tasks. Amongst them are the digestive and absorptive functions. Disorders of intestinal absorption and secretion comprise a variety of different diseases, e.g. coeliac disease, lactase deficiency or Whipple's disease. In principle, impaired small intestinal function can occur with or without morphological alterations of the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, in the work up of a malabsorptive syndrome an early small intestinal biopsy is encouraged in conjunction with breath tests and stool analysis to guide further management. In addition, there is an array of functional tests, the clinical availability of which becomes more and more limited. In any case, early diagnosis of the underlying pathophysiology is most important, in order to initiate proper therapy. In this chapter, diagnostic procedure of malabsorption is discussed with special attention to specific disease like coeliac disease, Whipple's disease, giardiasis and short bowel syndrome. Furthermore, bacterial overgrowth, carbohydrate malabsorption and specific nutrient malabsorption (e.g. for iron or vitamins) and protein-losing enteropathy are presented with obligatory and optional tests as used in the clinical setting.
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PMID:Disorders of intestinal secretion and absorption. 1950 67

The case of a 52-year-old woman with a past history of thymoma resection who presented with chronic diarrhea and generalized edema is the focal point of this article. A diagnosis of Giardia lamblia infection was established, which was complicated by protein-losing enteropathy and severely low serum protein level in a patient with no urinary protein loss and normal liver function. After anti-helmintic treatment, there was recovery from hypoalbuminemia, though immunoglobulins persisted at low serum levels leading to the hypothesis of an immune system disorder. Good's syndrome is a rare cause of immunodeficiency characterized by the association of hypogammaglobulinemia and thymoma. This primary immune disorder may be complicated by severe infectious diarrhea secondary to disabled humoral and cellular immune response. This is the first description in the literature of an adult patient with an immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with protein-losing enteropathy secondary to giardiasis.
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PMID:Giardia infection: protein-losing enteropathy in an adult with immunodeficiency. 2265 37

Protein-losing enteropathy may develop as a complication of a wide spectrum of diseases. Three cases of giardiasis that presented with acute onset of hypoalbuminemia were documented, and resolution of protein loss after treatment was also confirmed. Thus, chronic enteric infections should be considered as an etiology of severe intestinal protein loss, particularly in children.
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PMID:A Rare Complication of Giardiasis in Children: Protein-losing Enteropathy. 3040 10


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