Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes parasitic infections recorded from April 1984 to December 1987 in refugees using services of the Fort Worth-Tarrant County Public Health Department. Infections with 1,601 parasitic infections were documented in 824 laboratory specimens obtained from refugees. Ascariasis and giardiasis were more prevalent than other parasitic infections. The highest attack rates occurred in refugees from Cambodia (70.0%), Laos (69.7%), and Vietnam (54.3%). Information from this study supports published data on high attack rates and endemicity of infections in refugees from Southeast Asia. Continued surveillance and treatment of these refugees should improve their health conditions and prevent the development of endemic foci in the United States.
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PMID:Parasitic infections in Asian refugees in Fort Worth. 259 11

Giardia isolated from mice and rats have been identified as Giardia duodenalis by morphological criteria. No differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of 28 enzymes were detected between the mouse and rat isolates or between these isolates and human and cat isolates. Infections with both rodent isolates have been studied in several strains of inbred rats. No significant differences were detected between the rat strains, with the mouse isolate producing a self-limiting infection and the rat isolate a chronic infection. After the primary infection was eradicated with metronidazole, all strains of rats were resistant to reinfection with the homologous isolate. Both isolates produced chronic infections in hypothymic nude rats. BALB/c mice were found to be relatively resistant to primary infection with either isolate but C3H mice became infected chronically with the mouse isolate and experienced a prolonged infection with the rat isolate. These findings resemble those observed with infections with G. muris in the same strains of mice (Roberts-Thomson & Mitchell 1978). It is suggested that infections with G. duodenalis in rats may offer a model for giardiasis that is based on organisms related closely to G. lamblia. Comparative studies using the two rodent isolates may lead to a better understanding of how the parasite establishes as a chronic infection and which antigens induce protective immune responses.
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PMID:A comparative study of infections with rodent isolates of Giardia duodenalis in inbred strains of rats and mice and in hypothymic nude rats. 296 56

In Lesotho's central hospital 55 (25%) of 218 admissions for severe PEM died during 1981 and 1982. Most deaths (62%) occurred in the first week. The most important causes of death were acute GE and pneumonia in marasmus and kwashiorkor, respectively. The cause of death remained obscure in 16 children, however. In marasmus a poor prognosis was significantly associated with the finding on admission of a temperature less than 36.5 degrees C (P less than 0.05), apathy (P less than 0.01) and a depigmented skin (P less than 0.05), while in marasmic kwashiorkor only the finding of the latter was significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with death. In non-survivors with kwashiorkor the following characteristics were observed significantly more often: complaints of diarrhoea and/or vomiting on admission (P less than 0.05), the finding of apathy, pallor, skin defects and hepatomegaly on admission (P less than 0.01), and the finding of a low serum albumen, Na+ and K+ in the first days (P less than 0.05). Irritability was significantly (P less than 0.05) more common in survivors with kwashiorkor. Xerophthalmia was observed only once. Infections were diagnosed in 86% of all and giardiasis in 28% of 146 children. Twenty-eight children contracted measles of whom 5 died. Severe PEM still carries a high mortality despite hospitalisation. The findings confirm the need for intensive management of severe PEM.
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PMID:Severe protein energy malnutrition in Lesotho, death and survival in hospital, clinical findings. 310 Dec 51

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplantation. There is little information describing screening and prospective surveillance of heart recipients. We describe a surveillance program that was used for 35 patients, which screens and follows recipients through serologic, virologic, and immunologic parameters. Pretransplantation surveillance identified four (11.4%) patients whose skin tests with purified protein derivative (PPD) were positive, one patient with giardiasis, and seven (20%) recipients who were susceptible to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Twelve (34.3%) patients had CMV infections, only one of which was primary and involved a seropositive donor. The low rate of primary infection (14%) may result from our use of CMV-negative blood products. Seven (20%) recipients who were seronegative for toxoplasmosis received seropositive hearts, and disseminated toxoplasmosis developed in one of them. Eight (22.8%) patients had asymptomatic significant increases in Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers, without evidence of lymphoma. Fifteen (42.8%) recipients had at least one herpes simplex virus reactivation. Preventive, diagnostic, and early therapeutic interventions should occur as a result of infection surveillance, thus leading to a reduced risk of infection during the period after cardiac transplantation.
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PMID:Infection surveillance in cardiac transplantation. 328 13

Once Giardia cysts leave the host, they die quickly if dehydrated but can survive for two months in water as cold as 8 degrees C (46 degrees F). Thus, giardiasis is transmitted through ingestion of infected feces or water. Infection most often causes diarrhea, but if a subacute or chronic form develops, additional signs and symptoms of intestinal distress may be present. Diagnosis is made by finding cysts in a stool sample and/or trophozoites in duodenal fluid. In rare cases, small-bowel biopsy may be necessary. Whether to treat asymptomatic giardiasis is debatable. Drug treatment spares the patient unpleasant symptoms that may develop and eliminates transmission, but available drugs can have side effects and none has been proven safe for pregnant women. By far, the best approach to giardiasis is prevention through education of travelers, nature lovers, and workers in day-care centers and institutions that house the incontinent.
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PMID:Giardiasis. A crimp in the life-style of campers, travelers, and others. 335 71

In the fall of 1985, an outbreak of giardiasis occurred among several swimming groups at an indoor pool in northeast New Jersey. Nine clinical cases were identified, eight of whom had Giardia positive stool specimens. All were female; seven were adults (greater than 18 years) and two were children. The attack rate was highest (39 per cent, 5/13) for the ladies lap group who had exposure on one day. These cases had no direct contact with children or other risk factors for acquiring Giardia. Infection most likely occurred following the ingestion of swimming pool water contaminated with Giardia cysts. The source of Giardia contamination was a handicapped child who had a fecal accident in the pool. He was a member of a group that swam at the same time as the ladies lap group. A stool survey of the handicapped group showed that of the 20 persons tested, nine were positive for Giardia, including the specimen from this child. Examination of the pool records showed that no chlorine levels had been taken on the day of the fecal accident and that on the following day the chlorine level was zero. This is the second report of Giardia transmission among swimming pool attendees. It emphasizes the need to maintain appropriate chlorine levels in swimming pools and to institute measures to clear pools after a fecal accident.
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PMID:Giardia transmission in a swimming pool. 336 96

An outbreak of giardiasis was investigated in one urban day care center; another day care center was selected as a control. In the study day care center, 35 per cent of the children were infected. Infection was spread to at least one household contact of 47 per cent of the infected children. The data suggest person-to-person transmission of giardiasis and the need for measures to prevent its dissemination. Early recognition and treatment of Giardia lamblia infections in children may be indicated.
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PMID:Transmission of Giardia lamblia from a day care center to the community. 374 Mar 41

Homosexual men are at increased risk for traditional sexually transmitted anorectal infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, venereal warts, herpes and chlamydial infection) and enteric infections characterized by a low infecting inoculum (hepatitis A and B, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis). Infections account for most of the gastrointestinal symptoms in homosexual men seen at sexually transmitted disease clinics, but asymptomatic and polymicrobial infections are also common. Distinguishing three syndromes-proctitis, proctocolitis and enteritis-is clinically useful because these syndromes correlate with specific microorganisms and modes of transmission. A careful anoscopic examination, rectal Gram's stain, cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia, VDRL and darkfield examination of suspicious lesions should be routinely done when sexually active homosexual men present with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Based on the history, physical examination and initial laboratory studies, patients can usually be classified as having proctitis, proctocolitis or enteritis. This distinction facilitates selection of both confirmatory diagnostic tests and antimicrobial therapy. The effectiveness of empiric treatment regimens for asymptomatic sexual contacts or for symptomatic patients in whom microbiological tests are pending has not been studied.
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PMID:Anorectal and enteric infections in homosexual men. 383 33

Tinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole with selective activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It is bactericidal at low concentrations and its spectrum covers most anaerobic bacteria and some capnophilic microorganisms. Anaerobic bacteria known to be resistant to tinidazole include anaerobic streptococci, actinomyces and propionibacteria. Tinidazole is one of the most active antibacterial agents against Bacteroides fragilis which is one of the most resistant species of anaerobic bacteria. Only a few strains have been reported to be resistant. Tinidazole has been shown to be efficacious in protozoal infections such as trichomonal vaginitis, amoebiasis and giardiasis. Clinical studies have also shown that tinidazole is efficacious in the treatment of anaerobic infections including respiratory tract infections, intra-abdominal sepsis and obstetrical and gynecological infections. Since tinidazole has no activity against aerobic bacteria, it must be combined with other antibacterial agents in the treatment of mixed infections involving aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Tinidazole has also been used successfully alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective colonic and abdominal surgery, emergency appendectomy and gynecological surgery.
Infection
PMID:Tinidazole--microbiology, pharmacology and efficacy in anaerobic infections. 634 Dec 53

In 1981, 900 children (aged 3 months to 10 years) and 146 staff attending 22 day-care centres in metropolitan Toronto chosen at random provided a stool specimen in a survey for intestinal parasites. Of the children, 4% to 36% were infected in 20 of 22 centres. Overall, 19% of the children and 14% of the staff had intestinal parasites: 8.6% and 4.0% respectively had Dientamoeba fragilis, and 7.8% and 2.0% respectively had Giardia lamblia. The highest prevalence of dientamebiasis was in the 7- to 10-year-olds, whereas giardiasis was detected most frequently in the 6-year-olds. Infection with intestinal parasites was not correlated with age, sex, duration in the day-care centre, dog ownership, travel history, gastrointestinal symptoms or the proportion of children in the day-care centre who were born in less developed countries. Immigrant children and children of parents born in industrialized countries (including Canada) were more likely to be infected than were children born in Canada of parents from the developing world. Dientamebiasis was associated with cat ownership. Thus, intestinal protozoa--in particular, D. fragilis and G. lamblia--are endemic in Toronto day-care centres.
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PMID:Intestinal parasites in metropolitan Toronto day-care centres. 647 61


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