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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The common practice of sexual relations with many different and anonymous partners and the great variety of responsible micro-organisms account for the high incidence, growing complexity and uneasy prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of the digestive tract in male homosexuals. Syphilis, gonorrhoea, papillomas, chancroid, donovanosis, herpes virus or Chlamydia infections are known to be transmitted by anal coitus; amebiasis, giardiasis and shigellosis by oro-anal contact (faecal contamination). Still under discussion, however, are the predominant mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni, the true frequency in homosexuals of intestinal anguilluliasis, oxyuriasis and salmonellosis and the anorectal pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis, intestinal spirochetes, Mycoplasma homini, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Campylobacter-like organisms. Diagnosis is difficult since these infections are polymicrobial as a rule and often clinically asymptomatic or atypical and may be further modified by features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, traumatic lesions or anorectal tumours. Microbiological examination is an essential prerequisite to rational treatment.
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PMID:[Digestive localizations of sexually transmitted diseases in male homosexuals]. 316 35

Homosexual men are at increased risk for traditional sexually transmitted anorectal infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, venereal warts, herpes and chlamydial infection) and enteric infections characterized by a low infecting inoculum (hepatitis A and B, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis). Infections account for most of the gastrointestinal symptoms in homosexual men seen at sexually transmitted disease clinics, but asymptomatic and polymicrobial infections are also common. Distinguishing three syndromes-proctitis, proctocolitis and enteritis-is clinically useful because these syndromes correlate with specific microorganisms and modes of transmission. A careful anoscopic examination, rectal Gram's stain, cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia, VDRL and darkfield examination of suspicious lesions should be routinely done when sexually active homosexual men present with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Based on the history, physical examination and initial laboratory studies, patients can usually be classified as having proctitis, proctocolitis or enteritis. This distinction facilitates selection of both confirmatory diagnostic tests and antimicrobial therapy. The effectiveness of empiric treatment regimens for asymptomatic sexual contacts or for symptomatic patients in whom microbiological tests are pending has not been studied.
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PMID:Anorectal and enteric infections in homosexual men. 383 33

As early syphilis becomes more uncommon in the community, it will present frequently to the tertiary hospital as a diagnostic problem. Twenty patients with classic signs and symptoms of primary and secondary syphilis in whom the correct diagnosis was initially missed are presented. The importance of a routine admission Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) in making the correct diagnosis is emphasized. The laboratory techniques for diagnosing syphilis and recommended treatment schedules are presented. Clinical manifestations of herpes progenitalis, problems with pregnancy and association with cervical carcinoma are also presented. Enteric diseases (hepatitis, shigellosis, giardiasis and amebiasis) as sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men are summarized.
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PMID:Syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. 626 Apr 32

In addition to gonorrhea and syphilis, both of which may develop primarily at anorectal or pharyngeal sites, a number of conditions, including Neisseria meningitidis urethritis, nonspecific urethritis, anorectal herpes, condyloma acuminatum, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis, typhoid fever, enterobiasis, and hepatitis A and B, have been identified as being transmitted by male homosexual contact. Proctologic complications of anal intercourse include allergic reactions to anal lubricants, prolapsed hemorrhoids, and fistulas, and fissures. Rectosigmoid tears may result from fist, forearm, and foreign body penetration of the bowel. Physicians can best help their homosexual patients by accepting them and their relationships nonjudgmentally and by understanding their special health needs.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases and traumatic problems in homosexual men. 699 80

Diseases of the anus and rectum are frequently the outcome of proctogenital and oral-anal sexual activities. These sexually transmitted diseases are more common among homosexual and bisexual men than among heterosexuals. A variety of infectious agents are responsible including viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, helminths, and protozoa. Anal warts, herpetic ulcers, and syphilitic chancres are common anal STDs. Gonorrhea, herpes, and chlamydial organisms are common causes of venereal acute proctitis. Enteric infections such as shigellosis, amebiasis, giardiasis and pinworms can be transmitted by oral-anal contact. Aggressive sexual attempts at auto-eroticism using rectally inserted foreign bodies may cause traumatic proctitis complicated by bacterial peritonitis or perirectal abscesses.
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PMID:Ano-rectal symptoms of sexually transmitted disease. 2126 7

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are often discussed in the context of syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydiasis and AIDS. However, since the past 30 years of the last century, epidemiology and natural history studies have led to improved understanding of giardiasis as a STI, as a result of oral-anal sexual contact. Studies suggest that Giardia is an increasingly recognized infection that may be underdiagnosed under the STI context. Health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for Giardia, obtain suitable diagnostic tests to identify and screen those at high risk for this infection, institute appropriate therapy, counsel patients regarding treatment compliance, follow-up, encourage partner notification and teach strategies for preventing the transmission of this disease, including the discussion of the risk of enteric infections after oral-anal sexual contact. We summarize some data concerning the research and clinical literature on Giardia infection as a STI and identify the specific recommendations for control of giardiasis as STI that available evidence indicates can reduce its transmission.
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PMID:Sexual transmission of giardiasis: a neglected route of spread? 2443 84