Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A novelty of the present studies is the use of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A-1--AT) as an endogenous marker of enteric protein loss. Enteric clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin was determined in 10 patients with the symptoms of PLE, and in 6 healthy individuals. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin concentration has been assayed in single, random samples of feces collected from 42 patients and 12 healthy individuals (normal values: 1.31 +/- 0.72 mg/g of feces). Markedly increased enteric clearance and A-1-AT concentrations in single, random samples of feces have been found in patients with enteric lymphangiectasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and constrictive pericarditis, slightly lower in coeliac, chronic diarrhoea, nonspecific hemorrhagic colitis, esophagitis, lambliasis, hypogammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, hepatitis in newborn, and Gilbert's disease. Statistically significant positive clearance has been noted (r = 0.997; p less than .001). A single assay of A-1-AT in feces is simple, repeatable, and sensitive technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of these diseases in which the symptoms of enteric protein loss are seen.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin as an endogenous marker of protein-losing enteropathies]. 143 95

The sensitivity of a medical center's inpatient and outpatient database to detect notifiable diseases was examined. Only 53 percent of inpatient and 7 percent of outpatient laboratory-confirmed cases of shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and hepatitis were identified by an automated search for matching diagnosis codes. Reasons for lack of sensitivity include nonavailability of laboratory results at the time of diagnosis assignment, use of a standardized encounter form with limited preselected diagnosis codes, and pre-emptying of the infectious disease diagnosis by other diagnoses.
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PMID:Use of a medical center's computerized health care database for notifiable disease surveillance. 201 68

A study was made of 20 rats infested by Giardia muris in which a histologic study was made of the liver, as well as of 25 patients with giardiasis and elevated alanine-aminotransferase levels. Patients with positive A or B hepatitis markers, cholelithiasis or history of drug or alcohol use were excluded. Tests of liver function and liver biopsy were performed and antiparasite therapy was given during three months of follow-up, after which the liver biopsy was repeated. Humoral alterations were compared to those of 30 patients with acute viral hepatitis (15 type A and 15 type B) over the same periods of time. In 20% of the rats, nonspecific liver lesions were found. In the patients liver enzymes and the thymol test normalized a month after treatment and serum bile acids became normal in the third month. The liver biopsy demonstrated hepatic damage in 94% of the patients (in 20 cases cell lesions and in 12 cases inflammatory lesions) which regressed in the third month, the follow-up biopsy being normal after eradication of the parasite was confirmed. The comparative study with viral hepatitis showed highly significant differences in all the variables studied during the follow-up stage. Emphasis is placed on the importance of this lesion and its differential diagnosis to prevent its progression to chronic liver disease.
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PMID:[Acute hepatic lesion caused by Giardia lamblia]. 233 80

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed by using IgM antibodies from the acute stage as a source to capture the antigen in stools of patients with epidemic non-A, non-B (NANB) viral hepatitis. 29/69 (42.3%) of the patients and 3/9 (33.3%) contacts were positive for a suspected NANB viral antigen. However, only 1/27 (3.7%) of the negative controls drawn from amongst the patients with amoebiasis, giardiasis, hepatitis due to virus A and healthy individuals was positive for NANB antigen in the stool. The suspected NANB viral antigen was more frequently detected in stools collected between the 14th and 18th day of icteric hepatitis. The study suggests that IgM antibodies from patients with acute viral NANB hepatitis react with an antigen present in the stools of a high proportion of patients with epidemic NANB viral hepatitis. This serological test may be useful to establish the etiological diagnosis of non-A, non-B (fecal-oral) viral hepatitis. ELISA-positive stools contained 27 nm viral particles.
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PMID:An enzyme-linked immunoassay for the possible detection of non-A, non-B viral antigen in patients with epidemic viral hepatitis. 245 52

The availability of new biotechnologies has led to the prediction that new or improved vaccines can be developed for 27 diseases within the next decade. The reasons why such optimism cannot be extended to the availability of vaccines for many other infectious diseases are considered by reviewing the steps in vaccine development, from identification of the etiologic agent to construction of attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Impediments to development may exist or arise at any point in this pathway (e.g., multiplicity of serotypes, inability to cultivate the pathogen, multistage life cycles with multiple antigens, unpredictability of epidemics, inadequate knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity, fear of gene splicing, need for an adjuvant, and lack of profitability). Diseases for which vaccines are not likely to be available in the next decade include trachoma, onchocerciasis, pneumonia due to Legionella and to mycoplasmas, amebiasis and giardiasis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, chlamydial urethritis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and filariasis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Impediments to the development of additional vaccines: vaccines against important diseases that will not be available in the next decade. 266 4

In 1985, the US Peace Corps developed a computerized epidemiological surveillance system to monitor health trends in over 5500 Peace Corps Volunteers working in development projects in 62 countries worldwide. Data on 31 health conditions and events are collected monthly from each country; quarterly and annual incidence rates are then calculated, and the analysed data are distributed. In 1987, the most commonly reported health problems were diarrhoea (unclassified), 48 cases per 100 volunteers per year; amoebiasis, 24 per 100 volunteers per year; injuries, 20 per 100 volunteers per year; bacterial skin infections, 19 per 100 volunteers per year; and giardiasis 17 per 100 volunteers per year. Tracking each of these common problems, as well as other selected health conditions, guides design of more specific studies and disease control efforts. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/100 volunteers/year) include hepatitis, schistosomiasis, non-falciparum malaria, and filariasis. The epidemiological surveillance system provides the health data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate health programmes for Peace Corps Volunteers, and provides a model for surveillance in other groups of temporary and permanent residents of developing countries.
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PMID:Epidemiological surveillance in Peace Corps Volunteers: a model for monitoring health in temporary residents of developing countries. 272 68

The authors present an account on 60 patients where, based on the clinical picture, parasitological examination and laboratory parameters, the diagnosis of giardiasis was established. Among these patients a rise of one or several indicators of liver metabolism was found in 31%. The authors discuss whether the above conditions can be considered hepatitis within the framework of the basic parasitic disease. They eliminated non-parasitic causes (obstruction, HBsAg positive hepatitis, drug hepatitis, toxic hepatopathies) of elevated transaminase and bilirubin levels. For collection of duodenal juice or faeces for parasitological examination they used a gastrofibroscope or rectoscope. After treatment normalization of transaminase and bilirubin serum levels was recorded as well as regression of clinical symptoms and of eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Elevated indicators of liver metabolism in patients with giardiasis]. 276 82

Travelers to developing countries participated in a follow-up study of the health risks associated with short (less than three months) visits to these nations. Travelers to the Greek or Canary Islands served as a control cohort. Participants completed a questionnaire to elicit information regarding pretravel vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and health problems during and after their journey. Relevant infections were confirmed by the respondent's personal physician. The questionnaire was completed by 10,524 travelers; the answer rate was 73.8%. After a visit to developing countries, 15% of the travelers reported health problems, 8% consulted a doctor, and 3% were unable to work for an average of 15 days. The incidence of infection per month abroad was as follows: giardiasis, 7/1,000; amebiasis, 4/1,000; hepatitis, 4/1,000; gonorrhea, 3/1,000; and malaria, helminthiases, or syphilis, less than 1/1,000. There were no cases of typhoid fever or cholera.
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PMID:Health problems after travel to developing countries. 359 28

As early syphilis becomes more uncommon in the community, it will present frequently to the tertiary hospital as a diagnostic problem. Twenty patients with classic signs and symptoms of primary and secondary syphilis in whom the correct diagnosis was initially missed are presented. The importance of a routine admission Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) in making the correct diagnosis is emphasized. The laboratory techniques for diagnosing syphilis and recommended treatment schedules are presented. Clinical manifestations of herpes progenitalis, problems with pregnancy and association with cervical carcinoma are also presented. Enteric diseases (hepatitis, shigellosis, giardiasis and amebiasis) as sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men are summarized.
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PMID:Syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. 626 Apr 32

Hepatitis viruses, enteric pathogens, and anorectal infections may commonly be transmitted by various sexual practices. Because of their larger numbers of sexual partners and sexual practices such as anilingus and anal intercourse, homosexual men are at particularly high risk of acquiring hepatitis B, giardiasis, amebiasis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, and anorectal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus, and human papilloma viruses. The evidence for sexual transmission of these infections as well as their diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted viral hepatitis and enteric pathogens. 642 96


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