Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a priority population for HIV care and prevention programs. This report describes HIV and other sexually transmitted disease (STD) trends among MSM in metropolitan Atlanta by analyzing nine databases. We describe the use of the male-to-female (M:F) ratio, a surrogate marker for MSM in databases without standardized MSM variables that is recommended as an indirect measure of HIV risk behavior in the CDC/HRSA Integrated Guidelines for Developing Epidemiologic Profiles. During 1997 to 2001, there were increases among MSM for reported syphilis (from 9% to 17%), anti-biotic-resistant gonorrhea (from 4.8% to 8.6%), and HIV seroprevalence (from 33% to 43%). During 1998 to 2001, the M:F ratio for cases peaked at 12:1 during a hepatitis A outbreak among MSM, increased for shigellosis (from 1:0 to 18:1) and giardiasis (from 1.7 to 2.1), and did not appreciably change for hepatitis B, salmonellosis, or chlamydia. HIV and several other STDs appear to have increased among MSM in metropolitan Atlanta. When standardized MSM variables are not available, an M:F ratio is useful.
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PMID:Trends in infectious diseases and the male to female ratio: possible clues to changes in behavior among men who have sex with men. 1640 Nov 82

Diseases of the anus and rectum are frequently the outcome of proctogenital and oral-anal sexual activities. These sexually transmitted diseases are more common among homosexual and bisexual men than among heterosexuals. A variety of infectious agents are responsible including viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, helminths, and protozoa. Anal warts, herpetic ulcers, and syphilitic chancres are common anal STDs. Gonorrhea, herpes, and chlamydial organisms are common causes of venereal acute proctitis. Enteric infections such as shigellosis, amebiasis, giardiasis and pinworms can be transmitted by oral-anal contact. Aggressive sexual attempts at auto-eroticism using rectally inserted foreign bodies may cause traumatic proctitis complicated by bacterial peritonitis or perirectal abscesses.
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PMID:Ano-rectal symptoms of sexually transmitted disease. 2126 7

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are often discussed in the context of syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydiasis and AIDS. However, since the past 30 years of the last century, epidemiology and natural history studies have led to improved understanding of giardiasis as a STI, as a result of oral-anal sexual contact. Studies suggest that Giardia is an increasingly recognized infection that may be underdiagnosed under the STI context. Health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for Giardia, obtain suitable diagnostic tests to identify and screen those at high risk for this infection, institute appropriate therapy, counsel patients regarding treatment compliance, follow-up, encourage partner notification and teach strategies for preventing the transmission of this disease, including the discussion of the risk of enteric infections after oral-anal sexual contact. We summarize some data concerning the research and clinical literature on Giardia infection as a STI and identify the specific recommendations for control of giardiasis as STI that available evidence indicates can reduce its transmission.
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PMID:Sexual transmission of giardiasis: a neglected route of spread? 2443 84


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