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Query: UMLS:C0017536 (giardiasis)
 1,714 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and distemper were diagnosed in a 6-month-old female Siberian Husky pup. Poor growth rate, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, and diarrhea were observed. Results of immunologic studies revealed decreased serum IgG concentration and undetectable serum IgA concentration. Cultured lymphocytes yielded a less-than-adequate response to mitogen stimulation. The serum also contained a factor that suppressed mitogen stimulation in control cultured lymphocytes.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis associated with immunosuppression attributable to distemper in a pup. 325 52

In this review I have examined the vast literature which has accumulated on Cryptosporidium, particularly in the past 3 years, in an attempt to highlight areas in which progress has been made in relation to the organism and the disease, and to indicate areas in which knowledge is still lacking. Since 1982, a global effort by scientists and clinicians has been directed towards determining the nature of the disease in humans and the relative contribution of cryptosporidiosis to gastroenteritis. From published data, the incidence of diarrhoea is 1-5% in most developed countries, and 4-7% in less developed countries, when measured throughout the year and in all age groups. The frequency of cryptosporidiosis is highest in children aged between 6 months and 3 years, and in particular locations (e.g., day-care centres) and at particular times of the year. Although susceptibility to infection is life-long, one suspects that the lower prevalence among older children and adults is due to immunity acquired from frequent exposure. Other important factors contributing to higher prevalence are the season--it is more frequent in a wet, warm climate--association with travel to particular destinations, poor hygiene, intimate contact with certain animals, and congregation of large numbers of young previously unexposed children in day-care centres. The association between cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis presumably results from the existence of a common source of infection. The immune status of the host appears to be a major determinant of whether the infection is self-limiting or persistent. It is clear that both branches of the immune system are required for complete recovery, since T-lymphocyte dysfunction or hypogammaglobulinaemia can both lead to persistent illness. Chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption attributed to cryptosporidiosis also occur in the absence of evidence of immune defect. The importance of respiratory tract infection in humans, other than in the terminal stages of chronic illness, requires investigation. The infection has now been identified in all classes of vertebrates; it has been observed in all domestic animals including pets, and a wide range of wildlife including birds. Cryptosporidiosis seems to cause diarrhoea in young ruminants, less frequently in pets. In birds the parasite has been observed in the gastrointestinal tract, without ill effect, and in the respiratory tract, in which clinical symptoms of variable severity have been described. The mucosal response of the gastrointestinal tract to infection appears to vary among mammals and may be the key to the variable clinical manifestations observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in perspective. 328 31

Three cases of cryptosporidiosis in children are described. Abdominal pain without concomitant acute diarrhoea, was the main clinical symptom. No other intestinal pathological agent was isolated. All children were males, aged between 25-27 months, living in urban area and with a high socioeconomic level. They went to day nurseries and only one was contacted with home animal. This last child had a previous giardiasis treated with metronidazole. Nutritional status was normal. Neither humoral nor cellular immunodeficiency was detected. Cryptosporidium muris isolation was performed with Ziehl-Neelsen modified technique. All recovered with negativity of abdominal pain and bacteriologic controls, using solely dietetic measures.
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PMID:[Abdominal pain in childhood due to a Cryptosporidium parasitosis]. 375 46

The aim of this study was to reveal sources where cryptosporidiosis may be acquired. We studied 4545 patients, from whom 5730 stool samples were obtained for the diagnosis of parasitic infections during 13 mo, and found that 119 of these patients (2.62%) excreted oocysts of Cryptosporidium. About two-thirds of the patients reported no animal contacts. There were no cases among children under the age of 5 yr, which is evidence against endemicity, and the prevalence was highest (6.22%) in young adults aged 15-29 yr. The sex distribution was unremarkable: of the 119 patients, 56 were men and 63 were women. Most patients reported a recent trip abroad, which had taken place 12 times more frequently during the previous month than earlier. Cryptosporidiosis was five times more frequent in patients who had recently visited Leningrad than in others, and seven times more frequent in patients with Giardia lamblia than in others. Sporadic cryptosporidiosis occurs mainly in travelers, and seems to be acquired from similar sources as giardiasis.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis associated with traveling and giardiasis. 402 64

1422 faecal samples sent by general practitioners for routine parasitological examination were surveyed in 3 months. Of the 10.8% short-listed for special examination for cryptosporidium oocysts, 14 (9.1%) were positive. Charcot-Leyden crystals were not associated with cryptosporidiosis. All 14 patients had symptoms of gastrointestinal infection, which seemed to be related to a trip abroad. The incubation period varied between 4 and 12 days. Clinically cryptosporidiosis could not be distinguished from giardiasis, but its duration was shorter (median 10 days), strong abdominal pain and cramps were commoner, and bloating, anorexia, and weakness were less common. The disease can be diagnosed by identification of oocysts in faecal samples that have undergone formalin-ether concentration. There is no specific treatment for it, and recovery is spontaneous.
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PMID:Cryptosporidium: a frequent finding in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. 613 70

In summary, it appears that giardiasis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, strongyloidiasis, capillariasis and perhaps P. falciparum malaria are the only parasitic diseases which cause malabsorption of many nutrients. D. latum and A. lumbricoides interfere with vitamin B12 and vitamin A absorption, respectively. In view of the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapy, it is likely that malabsorption caused by intestinal parasites may become even more evident in the future.
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PMID:Parasites and malabsorption. 640 70

Unsporulated Isospora belli oocysts were detected in the stool specimens of three homosexual men. The oocysts were ellipsoidal measuring 23-33 X 12-15 micron. It is acid fast with modified cold kinyoun stain (MCK) and reveals orange fluorescence with the Truant's stain. Sheather's sucrose flotation method is effective in concentrating Isospora oocyst as with other coccidial oocysts. One specimen showed many Charcot-Leyden crystals. All three patients responded to treatment. Isosporiosis is rare in this country and is endemic in the tropics and subtropics. Although one case acquired the infection after returning from an endemic area, the other two cases had no travel history. This raised the suspicion that this, like other parasitic infections (amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis) may be sexually transmitted. Such exotic parasitic infections in homosexual men during the outbreak of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome adds another unusual infectious agent to the differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in this high risk group of population.
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PMID:Isospora belli diarrheal infection in homosexual men. 654 6

The article comprises a critical review on practical applications of molecular technology in parasitological diagnostics in a broad sense, also as a diagnosis of species and a method of epidemiological analysis. Techniques of genome analysis at different levels, as specific nucleic acid probes, DNA restriction profiles (RFLP), hybridization techniques, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, in vitro nucleic acid amplification, and DNA fingerprint technique used in studies on Giardia and Cryptosporidium were discussed. The essential reservation as far as this technology is concerned refers to its usefulness in parasitological diagnostics; there is no sense in working out methods for recognizing parasites which could otherwise be identified by well trained parasitologists and simple microscopic methods. The improved diagnosis of parasites resulting from the application of molecular technology significantly contributed to the armarium of parasitologists. Application of recent molecular technology in diagnosis of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis may basically support clinical diagnosis which provides possibilities of early and selective treatment and makes possible epidemiological studies. These assays will permit not only a rapid diagnosis and exact differentiation but will also enable a better recognition of Giardia and Cryptosporidium genome organization. However, in spite of the wide availability of this new techniques they have not been fully applied--as yet--in diagnosis and in epidemiological studies on these parasites. The authors share the opinion of Busch (1991) on the need of proper recognition of high-quality and rigorous work in employing new molecular assays, because their wide availability and high sensitivity could cause "false-positive" results by contamination with amplified DNA sequences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Usefulness of genome analysis methods for diagnosis of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis]. 763 61

The possibility of a periparturient rise (PPR) in the excretion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia duodenalis-type cysts and its implications in the epidemiology of these 2 pathogens were investigated. Fecal samples were taken from 32 lambing ewes every 2 wk from 4 wk before lambing until 8 wk after the start of lambing. Samples from both ewes and lambs were examined with a quantitative immunofluorescence assay. Excretion of Giardia sp. cysts by ewes increased at 2 wk prepartum, peaked at zero and 4 wk postpartum, and returned to low levels at 6 and 8 wk postpartum. Some ewes also excreted C. parvum oocysts at the start of lambing. Excretion rates and intensities of Giardia sp. cysts by lambs were high, whereas those of C. parvum oocyst excretion were light. The PPR in excretion of Giardia sp. cysts by ewes was considered to be the major source of giardiasis for lambs. Excretion of C. parvum oocysts by ewes at parturition also played a role in initiating cryptosporidiosis in lambs.
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PMID:Periparturient rise in the excretion of Giardia sp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as a source of infection for lambs. 830 59

This article reviews important intestinal protozoal infections in cats. Among intestinal protozoa, Giardia and coccidia are the most important infections. Giardiasis is a common problem in catteries, especially where young kittens run free on the floor. Overcrowding and high humidity favour the survival and transmission of Giardia. Diagnosis is made by fecal examination by direct or concentration methods. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating giardiasis. Among the coccidial parasites, Isospora felis and Cryptosporidium sp. are the common infections. Virtually all cats become infected with Isospora felis. The pathogenicity of I. felis is controversial. Cryptosporidium parvum infection is a zoonosis. Cryptosporidium is transmitted by direct fecal-oral cycle. Cryptosporidial infections appear to be clinical in immunosuppressed cats. No drug has been found satisfactory for treatment of cryptosporidiosis.
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PMID:Intestinal protozoa infections. 842 88


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